-
伴随状语
WITH
作伴随状语
,
或说明造成某一局面的原因
.
至于是用现在分词
,
还是过去分词得看与主句主句的
关系是被动或主动
. Fg:
with time passing
by
随着时间的流逝
He sat on the
chair with his eyes closed.
他坐在椅子
上
,
眼睛闭着
.
总结一下：
一、
with
的复合结构
可以分以下几种
:
with +
名词
+
形容词
.
表处于一种状态
.
He often sleeps with windows
open.
他经常开着窗户睡觉
.
二
.with
+
名词
+
副词
.
There is a
temple with no table in.
三
.with
+
名词
+
介词短语
.
The teacher came into the
classroom with a book under his arm.
四
.with +
名词
+
现在分词
< br>.
这种结构表动作的主动和进行态
.
The old woman left the her
house with water running all the time.
五
.with +
名词
+
过去分词
< br>,
这种结构表被动和完成
.
The thief was taken to the police
station with his hands tied to his back.
六
.with +
名词
+
不定式
,
这种结构表动作的将来式
.
The mamager has been busy these days
with a lot of work to do .
伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，它的特点是：它所表达的动
作或状态是伴随着句子谓
语动词的动作而发生或存在的。
例如：
①
He sat in the
armchair
，
reading a
newspaper.
他坐在扶手椅里读报。
②
All night long he lay
awake
，
thinking of the
problem.
他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个
问题。
伴随状语的判断
The dog entered the room, following his
master.
一般在分词短语
（现在分词表主动
过去表被
动）前有逗号的是伴随状语。
伴随状语出现的条件
由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个主语处于两种状态，
或
同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一
1
种状态。
伴随状语的逻辑主语
一般情况下必须是全句的主语，伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。
伴随状语可以有以下几种表示方法：
一、使用分词形式
The
dog
entered
the
room,
following
his
master(
这条狗跟着主
人进了屋
)
。
The
master entered the room, followed by
his dog(
主人进了屋，后面跟着
他的狗
)
。
二、用
with
复合结构
The
little
girls
were
playing
with
snow
with
their
hands
frozen
red(
小
女孩
们在玩雪，
手都冻
红了
)
。
The
workers
went
out
of
work,
talking
and
laughing
all
the
way(
工
< br>人们下
班了，一路有说有笑
)
。
三、用独立主格结构
Last
year
I
came
here
by
climbing
over
the
wall,
sword
in
hand.
The
little
boy
goes to school, the little dog accompanying him
every day(
这小孩每天去上学，那条小狗
陪伴着他<
/p>
)
。
{
独立主格结构的讲析
一、概念：有时一个名词
/
代词
+
一个其他结构
,
在句中作状
语，相当于一个状语从句或并列句，人
们通常称这种结构为独立主格或独立结构。
二、独立主格的结构：
n/pron + doing River rising, they had
to left for safety.
to do
Much work to do, they had to work for extra hours.
done All the work done,
they went for lunch.
adj.
He entered the room, his nose red with cold.
adv. He was lying in bed,
light on.
Prepositional
phrase He walked in, cane in hand.
在这种结构中，
n/pron.
在逻辑上是
后一部分的主语，后一部分相当于谓语或表语。这种结构在句子
中只能作状语，
三、独立主格在句中通常充当以下状语成分：
1
、
伴随状语（方式状语）
：相当于一个并列句。
He was watching TV, his
mouth half open.
He fell
to the ground, blood coming down his nose.
2
The policeman entered the
dark room,gun in hand.
The
old man sat down,his face pale with pain.
2
、
时间状语：相当于一个时间状语从句。
Meeting over, everyone
tried to do something for the project.
Spring coming, the flowers
are coming out.
The
problem settled, everyone was filled with joy.
3
、
原因状语：相当于一个原因状语从句。
John (being) away, Tom had
to do the work on his own.
It being dark, they had to walk with
the torches on.
There
being no bus, they had no choice but to take a
taxi.
4
、
条件状语：相当于一个条件状语从句。
Weather permitting,
we
’
ll have a picnic this
Sunday.
Enough time given,
we
’
ll do the job better.
注：有时可以在独立主格前面加上介词
with,
构成
with
+
复合宾语结构。
如：
With the problem settled,
the computer restarted.
With the old man leading, we had no
difficulty finding the old Red Army
man
’
s house.
You should not speak to others with
your mouth full of food.
He left the bathroom,with the water
running.
He rushed out
with a knife in his hand.
此句可改写为
He rushed out ,a
knife in his hand.
或
He
rushed out, knife in hand.
但是
,
“
with +
复合宾语”结构也可以用作定语。
如：
Soon they found themselves
walking in a valley with high mountains aroud it.
He lives in a village with
a railway behind it.
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