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Unit 1
Text A
Man in the Realm of Nature
人在自然界
Para. 1
Human beings live in
the realm of nature. They are constantly
surrounded by it and interact with
it.
=
人类生活在大自然的王国里。他们时刻被大自然所包围并与之
相互影响。
Man is constantly
aware of the influence of nature in the form of
the air he breathes, the water he
drinks, and the food he eats.
=
人类呼吸的空气、喝下的水和摄入的食物，无一不令人类时刻感知到大自然的影响
。
We are connected with
nature by
“
blood
”
ties and we cannot live ourside
nature.
=
我们与大自然血肉相连，离开大自然，我们
将无法生存。
Para. 2
Man is
not only a dweller in nature, he also transforms
it.
=
人类不仅生活在大自然之中，同时也在改变着大自然
。
Humanity converts
nature
’
s wealth into the
means of the cultural, historical life of society.
=
人类把自然资源转变为各种文化，社会历史的财富。
Man has subdued and disciplined
electricity and compelled it to serve the
interests of society.
=
人类降服并
控制了电，迫使它为人类社会的利益服务。
Not only
has man transferred various species of plants and
animals to different climatic conditions,
he has also changed the shape and
climate of his environment and transformed plants
and animals.
=
人类不仅把各种各样的动植物转
移到不同的气候环境，也改变了他生活环境的地貌和气候
并使动植物因之而发生转变。<
/p>
Para. 3
As society develops,
man tends to become less dependent on nature
directly, while indirectly his
dependence grows.
=
随着社会的发展，人类对大自然的直接依赖越来越少，而间接的依赖却越来越多。
Our distant ancestors lived in fear of
nature
’
s destructive forces.
Very often they were unable to
obtain
the merest daily necessities.
< br>=
我们远古的祖先生活在大自然的威胁及破坏力的恐惧之中，他们常常连基本的生
活物资都
无法获取。
However,
despite
their
imperfect
tools,
they
worked
together
stubbornly,
collectively,
and
were
able to
attain result.
=
然而，尽管工具不甚完备，
他们却能同心协力，顽强工作，并总是有所收获。
Nature
was
also
changed
through
interaction
with
man.
Forests
were
destroyed
and
the
area
of
farmland
increased.
=
在与人类的相互作用中，大自然也发
生了改变。森林被破坏了，耕地面积增加了。
Nature
with its elemental forces was regarded as
something hostile to man.
=
大
自然及其威力被看成是和人类敌对的东西。
1
The forest, for example,
was something wild and frightening and people
tried to force it to retreat.
=
< br>譬如，森林被认为是野性的和令人恐惧的，因此人类便想方设法使其面积缩小。
This was all done in the name of
civilisation, which meant the places where man had
made his
home, where the earth was
cultivated, where the forest had been cut down.
=
这一切都是打着“文明”的旗号进行的，所谓“文明”
，就是人类在哪里建立家园，耕耘
土地，哪里的森林就被砍伐。
Para. 4
But as time goes on mankind becomes
increasingly concerned with the question of where
and how
to obtain irreplaceable natural
resources for the needs of production.
=
然而，随着岁月的流逝，人类越来越关注的是在何处得到和如何得到生产所需的不可替
代
的自然资源的问题。
Science and man
’
s
practical transforming activities have made
humanity aware of the enormous
geological role played by the
industrial transformation of the earth.
=
科学与人类改变大自然的实践活动已经使人类意识到了工业在改变地球的进程中对地
质
产生的重大影响。
Para. 5
At
present the previous dynamic balance between man
and nature and between nature and society
as a whole, has shown ominous signs of
breaking down.
=
目前，人与自然以及自然与
社会整体之间过去存在的动态平衡，已呈现崩溃的迹象。
The problem of the so-called
replaceable resources of the biosphere has become
particularly acute.
=
生物圈中所谓可
替代资源的问题变得极为尖锐。
It is getting
more and more difficult to satisfy the needs of
human beings and society even for such
a substance, for example, as fresh
water.
=
人类和社会的需求，即便是简单得像淡水一样
的物质，也变得越来越难以满足。
The problem
of eliminating industrial waste is also becoming
increasingly complex.
=
清除工业废
物的问题也变得日益复杂。
Para. 6
Modern
technology
is
distinguished
by
an
even
increasing
abundance
of
produced
and
used
synthetic goods.
=
现代技术的特征是生产和使用日益丰富的人工合成产品。
< br>
Hundreds of thousands of synthetic
materials are being made.
=
人们生产成千上万的人工合成材料。
People increasingly cover their bodies
from head to foot in nylon and other synthetic,
glittering
fabrics that are obviously
not good for them.
=
人们越来越多地用
尼龙和其他人造纤维把自己从头到脚地包裹起来，这些绚丽的织物显然
对他们无益。
Young people may hardly feel
this, and they pay more attention to appearance
than to health. But
they become more
aware of this harmful influence as they grow
older.
=
年轻人或许很少注意到这一点，他们更关注的
是外表，而不是健康。但是上了年岁之后，
他们就会感受到这种有害的影响。
2
Para. 7
As time
goes on the synthetic output of production turns
into waste, and then substances that in
their
original
form
were
not
very
toxic
are
transformed
in
the
cycle
of
natural
processes
into
aggressive agents.
=
久而久之，这些合成物质转变成废弃物，那些原本毒性不大的物质在自
然循环中变为极其
有害的物质。
Today
both
natural
scientists
and
philosophers
are
asking
themselves
the
question:
Is
man
’
s
destruction of the biosphere
inevitable?
=
自然科学家和哲学家如今都在问自
己这样一个问题：人类对生物圈的破坏难道是无法避免
的吗？
Para. 8
The man-nature relation ----- the
crisis of the ecological situation ----- is a
global problem.
=
人与大自然的关系——生
态环境的危机——已经成为一个全球性问题。
Its
solution
lies
in
rational
and
wise
organization
of
both
production
itself
and
care
for
Mother
Nature, not just by individuals,
enterprises or countries, but by all humanity.
=
这一问题的解决之道在于理性而明智地协调生产和对大自然的关爱之
间的关系，这不仅要
依靠个人、企业或者某些国家的力量，而且要依靠全人类的力量。<
/p>
One
of
the
ways
to
deal
with
the
crisis
situation
in
the
“
man-
nature
”
system
is
to
use
such
resources as solar
energy, the power of winds, the riches of the seas
and oceans and other, as yet
unknown
natural forces of the universe.
=
解决人与大自然关系危机的方法之一，就是使用太阳能、风能、海洋能等资源，以及其他
尚不为人所知的宇宙中的自然能。
Para. 9
But to
return to our theme, the bitter truth is that
those human actions which violate the laws of
nature, the harmony of the biosphere,
threaten to bring disaster and this disaster may
turn out to be
universal.
=<
/p>
但是，言归正传，令人难以接受的事实是那些违背了自然规律、破坏了生物圈和谐的人类<
/p>
行为将会带来灾难，而这种灾难也许是全球性的。
How apt then are the words of ancient
Oriental wisdom: live closer to nature, my
friends, and its
eternal laws will
protect you!
=
古代东方智者的话讲得真是恰如
其分：朋友们，你要是亲近大自然，大自然就会用那永恒
不变的规律永远呵护你！
The End of Text A
of Unit 1 of Book 4
Text B
Extinctions, Past and
Present
物种灭绝
——
过去和将来
Para. 1
I spent some of the most exciting days
of my life working on the eastern shores of
Kenya
’
s Lake
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