词汇学4-6单元复习

gh

Jane

thought

her

father

seemed

anxious

and

uneasy

,Susan

did

not

perceive

my

change

in

his

looks

or

ways.

years of research ,scientists have identified the virus

that is responsible for the disease .

Africans,make

up

the

largest

immigrant

group

in

the country .

e

the

limitation

of

survey

,it

did

suggest

some

general trends .

don’t have to be a genius to see that it is not going to

work.

Chapter4Word Formation

构词

Conversion

转换

Clipping

截断法

Blending

混合

acronymy

首字母拼音

4.1Affixation

附加法

Is one of the major ways of word formation ,by which new words are formed by attaching affixes

to the front or the back of word bases.

1.

prefixation

前

缀

法

negative

prefixes < /p>

否

定

前

缀

pejorative

prefixes

错

误意

义的

前

缀

prefixes of degree or size

表范围和程度的前缀

prefixes of orientation and attitude

前缀的

取向和态度

Locative Prefixes

方位前缀

Prefixes of Time and Order

表时间和顺序的前缀

number prefixes

数字前缀

conversion prefixes

转化前缀

miscellaneous prefixes

其他类型

前缀

2.

Suffixation

加后缀

deverbal

从动词派

生出来的

词

denominal

来自名词形

容词的词

suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases .

1

）

Noun suffixes

名词后缀

①

denominal nouns

由名词转换或派生的词②

Deverbal nouns

从动词派生出来名词

③

De-adjective nouns

由形容词转化的词④

noun and adjective suffixes

名字或形容词后缀

2

）

adjective suffixes

形容词后缀

①

denominal suffixes

②

deverbal suffixes

3

）

adverb suffixes

4)verb suffixes

4.2Compounding

复合

Is one of the major ways of word formation by which new words are created by combining two or

more bases together.

1.

character

of

compounds

复合特征

phonological

features

音韵特性

semantic

Features

语

义特性

grammatical features

语法特性

orthographical features

正字法特性

2.

Formation of compounds

复合构造

noun compounds;adjective compounds;verb compounds

4.3 conversion

转化

Is one of the major ways formation new words are formed by converting part of speech of a word

into another part of speech without changing the form.

Functional shift

功能性转变

zero- derivation

零推导

Conversion to nons

deverbal;De-adjectival

Conversion to verbs

denominal :de-adjectival

Conversion to adjectives

voiceless to voiced consonant;initial to end stress

4.4 Blending

混合

Blending is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of

another word .words formed as such are called blends or portmanteau

混成

words .

4.5 Clipping

截取法

Another common way of making a word is to shorten ,or clip a longer word ,know as clipping .it

is the formation of new words by cutting a part of the original and using what remains instead

Types:front clipping back clipping front and back clipping phrase clipping .

4.6Acronymy

首字母拼音法

Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of composite names of

social and political organizations or phrases used as technical formed in this way are

called

acronyms

,which

can

be

subdivided

into

initialisms

and

acronyms

depending

on

the

pronunciation of words .

Initialisms

首

字

母

缩

略

词

letters

represent

full

words

;letters

represent

constituent

in

a

compound or just parts of a word.

acronyms

首字母缩略词

4.7Back-formation

逆词够法

Is

one

of the

minor ways

informing

new words

by which

new words

are created

by

removing

imagined

or

supposed

suffixes words

are

usually

verbs from

existing

nouns

or

another

form.

4.8

sound

reduplication

声音重叠

as

term

indicates,sound

reduplication

is

the

formation

of

compound words by repeating the same with little or no made in this way are know

as reduplicatives.

Type:abstract nouns;agential nouns;compound nouns and others;adjectives

4.9Commonization

of

proper

names

普通专有名称

apart from the

means

of word formation

discussed

so

far

,there

is

an

interesting

source

for

the

enrichment

of

English