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2021-02-12 15:11
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2021年2月12日发(作者:高空核爆)









< br>语



2


-






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新概念英语第二册




L


e


s


s

o


n


1 A private conversation



private adj.


私人的




adj.


私人的



private life


私生活



private school


私立学校



It's my private letter.


(如果妈妈想看你的信)



It's my private house.


(如果陌生人想进你的房子)




adj.


普通的



private citizen


普通公民



I



m a private citizen.



citizen n.


公民)



private soldier


大兵




Private Ryan


》(《拯救大兵瑞恩》)



public adj.


公众的,公开的(


private


的反义词)



public school


公立学校



public letter


公开信



public place


公共场所



privacy n.


隐私



It



s privacy. < /p>


这是我的隐私


!(


不愿让别人知道的


)



conversation n.


谈话



have a + talk/chat/dialogue/conversation/gossip


名词变动词



conversation


一般用于正式文体中


,


内容上往往不正式



subject of conversation


话题



They are having a conversation.


talk


内容可正式可不正式


,


也可以私人



Let’s have a talk.



dialogue


对话


,


可以指正式国家与国家会谈



China and Korea are having a dialogue.


chat


闲聊,就是北京人说的“侃”,说的是无关紧要的事。



gossip


嚼舌头


,


说长道短




theatre n.


剧场


,


戏剧



cinema n.


电影院




seat n.


座位



have a good seat/place


,这里的


seat

< p>


place(


指地点


)


,而不是


chair.


take a seat/take your seat


坐下来


,


就坐



Is the seat taken?


这个位置有人吗


?


请坐的


3


种说法


:


Sit down, please. (


命令性


)


Take your seat, please.


Be seated, please. (


更礼貌


)


作为动词的

< p>
seat



sit


的区别



sit



sat



sitten



vi.


就座



He is sitting there.


他坐在那儿。



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seat vt.


让某人就座



seat sb.


让某人就坐,后面会加人



Seat yourself.


You seat him.


你给他找个位置


.


When all those present(


到场者


)_D_ he began his lecture.


A. sit B. set C. seated D. were seated


sit down


坐下;


be seated=take a seat


就坐




angry adj.


生气的




angrily adv.


生气的



angry =cross


I was angry. /He was cross.


annoyed:


恼火的


;


be blue in the face


脸上突然变色




I was annoyed.



I was angry/cross.



I was very angry.



I am blue in the face. (


脸色都青了


,


相当生气了


)



attention n.


注意



Attention ,please.


请注意


(


口语


)


pay attention


注意



pay attention to




对……注意



You must pay attention to that girl.


pay a little attention


稍加注意



pay much attention


多加注意



pay more attention


更多注意



pay no attention


不用注意



pay close attention


特别注意




bear(bore, born) v.


容忍




vt.


承受,支撑,承担,负担



Can the ice bear my weight?


Who will bear the cost?


谁来承担这笔费用?




vt.


忍受(一般与

< p>
can/could


连用于疑问句及否定句中)



She eats too fast. I can



t bear to watch/watching her.


她吃得太快。我看着受不了。



How can you bear living in this place?


你怎么能受得了住在这个地方?



bear =stand =put up with


I can't bear/stand you.


endure:

忍受


,


容忍



put up with :


忍受



I got divorced


(离婚)


.I could not put up with him


bear/stand/endure


忍受的极限在加大



bear n.



white bear


白熊



bear hug :


热情


(


热烈


)


的拥抱



give sb. a bear hug


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business n.



,


生意




n.


生意



business man :


生意人



do business:


做生意



go to some place on business:


因公出差



I went to Tianjin on business.



n.


某人自己的私人的事情



It's my business. (


指私人的事


,


自己处理的事


)


It's none of your business.


不关你的事。




rudely adv.


无礼地


,


粗鲁地



rude adj.


粗鲁的,无礼的




pay vt. &vi.


支付




vt. &vi.


支付(价款等)



Have you paid the taxi-driver?


You can pay a deposit of thirty pounds




您可以先付


30


英镑的定金……



I’ll pay by instalme


nts.


I paid 50 dollars for this skirt.



pay



for sth.



/


支付……(钱)买 ……)




vt. &vi.


给予(注意等);去(访问)



They did not pay any attention.


We paid a visit to our teacher last Sunday.


上星期天我们去拜访了老师。




n.


工资,报酬



I have not received my pay yet.


我还没有领到工资。



【课文讲解】



1



Last week I went to the theatre.


动词


go


的原义是离开一个地方去另一个地方,与介词


to


连用后,常加上主语所要去的目的来代表主语的动作目的。



go to the +


地点



表示去某地干嘛



go to the theatre = go to the theatre to see a play


去剧场看戏



go to the cinema =see a film


去电影院看电影



go to the dairy


去牛奶店



go to the +



+ 's


表示去这个人开的店



go to the doctor's


去看病;


go to the butcher's


买肉



以下短语中名词前不加冠词:



go to school


去上学;


go to church


去做礼拜;


go to hospital(


医院


)


去看病;


go to bed


上床,睡觉;


go home


(跟


home


相连一定表示没有事情可做


,


回家休息)



I am at home.


在家休息



2



I had a very good seat.


seat


一般指戏院、汽车等配置的 固定座位,也可以抽象地表示“座位”或“位子”等概念。



the front seat of a car


汽车的前座



Take a seat, please.


请坐。



3



I did not enjoy it.


enjoy vt.


欣赏,享受,喜爱




enjoy +n.


喜欢


,


从当中得到一种享受(后面不能跟人)



I enjoy the music.


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enjoy the dinner/film/program/game



enjoy oneself/


代词



玩的开心



We always enjoy ourselves.



enjoy +


动名词



Jane doesn’t enjoy swimming. She enjoys going to the theatre.



4



I got very angry.


get


在这里有“逐渐变得”的含义,接近


become


,是个表示过程的动词,表示状态的变化。而


I was very angry


则仅表示当时


的状态是生气,并 不暗示过程。



I am/was angry.


是一个事实



I got angry.


强调变化过程



It is hot.


It got hot.


got


取代


be

动词,


got


是一个半联系动词


,


可以直接加形容词。



5



I could not hear the actors. I turned round.


hear+



:


听见某人的话


I could not hear you. Beg your pardon?


I couldn't hear you./I couldn't hear a word./I couldn't catch your words.


I couldn't hear you clearly./I couldn't catch your words.


Beg your pardon? /I couldn't catch your words.


turn round =turn around


转身



6



In the end, I could not bear it.


in the end


最后,终于,表示一段较长的时间之后或某种努力之后



She tried hard to finish her homework by herself. In the end, she had to ask her brother for help.


I could not bear it/you/the noise.


7



I can't hear a word!


I can't hear a word.


美音


:


肯定


I can


否定


,I can't,


它 的


/t/


是吞进去的


,


在读音上很难区别


,


只能根据上下文来定



hear a word of sb.



a word


等于一句话)



He didn't say a word.


May I speak to Jim?/May I have a word with Jim?


8



It's none of your business.


one



s business


指某人(所关心的或份内)的事



It's none of your business./None of your business./It's my business.


不关你的事。



It is my business to look after your health.


我必须照顾你的身体健康。



none


相当于


not any



no one


,但语气较强。



She kept none of his letters.


他的信件她一封也没有保留。



none of


这个短语有时可以表达一种断然、甚至粗暴 的口气,尤其是在祈使句中:



None of your silly remarks!


别说傻话了!




Key structures




简单陈述句的语序



陈述句一定是有 主语


,


有动词


,


有宾语


,


有句号



6 1 2 3 4 5 6


when? Who? Action Who? How? Where? When?


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Which? Which?


What? What?


1 ---


主语,一般由名词、代词或名词短语构成,通常位于动词之前,动词必须与主语一致,即主语决定 动词的单复数形式



2 ---


谓语,由动词充当



3 ---


宾语,一般为名词、代词或名词短语



4 ---


副词或介词短语


,


对方式或状态提问


,


往往做状语


I like her very much


5 ---


地点状语,一般在方式副词之后,时间副词之前



6 ---


时间状语,可以放在句首或句末



简单陈述句一定不能少的是主语


,


谓语


.


如果问何时何地


,


是一个固定搭配


when and where



L


e


s


s


o


n

2 Breakfast or lunch?



until prep.


直到



until


用于表示动作、状态等的持续,可译为“一直到……为止”或“在……以前”。在肯定句中,它 与表示持续性状态的动词连


用,表示持续到某一时刻:



I



ll wait here until 5.


我会在这里等到


5

点钟。



His father was alive until he came back.


直到他回来为止

,


他爸爸都是活着的


.


在否 定句中,它通常与描述短暂动作的动词连用,表示“到……为止”、“直到……才”:



She cannot arrive until 6.


她到


6


点才能来。



His father didn't die until he came back.


直到他回来


,


他爸 爸才死


.


until


(后的从句 )的时间终止之前


,


这个动作做了还是没做?做了前面的主句用 肯定;没做前面的主句用否定



For he ___A(C)___(wait) until it stopped raining.


A. waited B. didn't wait


A. leave B. left C. didn't leave


I stay in bed until twelve o'clock.


I didn't get up until 12 o'clock.



outside adv.


外面(作状语)



He is waiting for me outside.


It is cold outside.



ring(rang. rung) v.(


铃、电话等


)





vt.


鸣,


(


铃、电话等


)



(


这种响是刺耳的


,


往往是提醒人做某事


)


Every morning the clock rings at 6.


The telephone(door bell) is ringing.


而风铃等响 要用


jingle



jingle (bell) (


铃儿


)


响叮当




vt.


打电话给(美语中用


call




ring sb.


给某人打电话



Tomorrow I'll ring you.



n.


(打)电话



give sb. a ring


Remember to give me a ring. /Remember to ring me.



n.


戒指




aunt n.


< p>
,



,



,


舅妈


(


所有长一辈的女性都 用这个称呼


)


男性则是


uncle:


叔叔



他们的孩子:


cousin


堂兄妹


(


不分男女


)


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cousin


的孩子:


nephew


外甥;


niece


外甥女




repeat v.


重复




vt.


重复



Will you repeat the last word?


They are repeating that wonderful paly.



vi.


重做,重说



Please repeat after me.


Don’t repeat.



【课文讲解】



1



It was Sunday.


it


指时间、天气、温度或距离,


it


被称为“虚主语”(


empty subject


)。作为第三人称单数的中性代词,


it


可以指一件 东西、一


件事件或用来指是什么人:



It is a lovely baby.


2



I never get up early on Sundays.


on Sundays:

< br>所有的星期天


,


每逢星期天


,< /p>


与一般现在时连用,表示经常性的行为。


介词


on


一般用于表示某一天的时间短语中:


on Monday



on Monday morning



on that day


当使用


last



next< /p>



this



t hat


时,介词(以及定冠词)必须省略:



I’ll see you next/this Friday.



never


从来不


(


可以直接用在动词前面


)=


助动词


+not (

< br>变成否定句


,


前面一定要加助动词


)


I don't like her.=I never like her.


3



I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime.


在表达卧床时


bed


前不需加冠词:



It’s time for bed now.



You must stay/remain in bed for another two days.


你必须再卧床两天。



4



Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy.


just then:


就在那时



如果不知道对方性别


,


< p>
/


她可以用


it


取代



Who are you?/Who is it ?


5



I've just arrived by train,


by


直接加交通 工具


(


不能有任何修饰词


,


复数


)


;如果加修饰词


,


就要换掉


by


< br>in



on


I go out by bus.


I go out in/on two buses.


(指具体的两辆车介词用


in/on




Long ago people could go to America only by ship/sea.


如果是特指的交通工具,则要加冠词或其他限定词:



My aunt left by the 9:15 train.


by air


乘飞机


by bicycle/bike


骑自行车



by boat


乘船


by bus


乘公共汽车



by car


乘小汽车


by land


由陆路



by plane


乘飞机


by sea


由海路



by ship


乘船


by train


乘火车



6



I'm coming to see you.


我将要来看你


.



come


的现在进行时态


be coming

表示一般将来,表示近期按计划或安排要进行的动作。同样用法的动词有:


go



come



le ave



arrive



land



meet



die



start



return



join




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7



Dear me!

< p>
天哪


!


英国人说


Dear me!



My dear!


美国人说


: My god!


注意美英的发音不同


.



Key structures




现在进行时和一般现在时



现在进行 时表示说话的当时正在发生或正在发生的事件


,


也用来表示现阶 段


(


一段时间


)


的动向。现在进行时常与


now



j ust



still



副词连用:



I am working as a teacher.


现阶段



He is still sleeping.


(现在还在睡觉)



Jane is just dressing up.


简正在打扮。



一般现在时表示习惯性动作


,


真理


,


是过去、现在和未来都会发生的事情。一般现在时一般与频率副




often



always



sometimes



never



frequently



rarely


ever


等连用。



Helen never writes to her brother Tony. She sometimes rings him.


频率副词往往放在句子中的实义动词前


,


非实义动词后;如果既有实义动词又有非实义动词


,


要放在两个之间;疑问句中副词往往


放在主语后面。在否定句中


not


必须放在


always


之前,而且也出现在


generally


normally



often



regularly



usually



前;


no t


必须出现在


sometimes


和< /p>


frequently


之后。表示肯定的速记可以用在句尾;在 特别强调和需要对比时,


frequently



generally



normally

< p>


sometimes



usually


等副词可用于句首。




I get paid on Friday usually.



Very often the phone rings when I’m in bath.



非实义动词


:




系动词


(be)




帮助动词构成时态的助动词


(do, does, will, shall, have, had, has)




情态动词


(must, can, may)


除此之外都是实义动词


.


I frequently go to bed hungry.


(形容词作状语)



He went to school hungry.


饿着肚子上学


.


You must come here hungry.


空腹来这里


.



Special Difficulties





what


开头的感叹句:



在英语中可用


what


引导的感叹句来表示惊奇 、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等感情,在感叹中主谓语采用正常语序。



What


对名词感叹,感叹句的结构为:


What +a/an (+a dj.)+n.(+


主语


+


谓语


)!


What a good girl (she is)!


(主、谓可省)



有上下文和一定的语境


,


才能省略形容词。一般省略形容词表示批评或不大好的意思。



What a thing to say!


多么难听的话啊!



What (a lot of) trouble( he is causing)!



L


e


s


s


o


n


3 Please Send Me a Card



send v.



,




send a letter


寄信



send sth. to sb. /send sb. sth.


给某人送(寄)什么东西



send/take children to school



take


强调某人亲自送;


send


则是通过第三人去送


,


如美国的校车



take flowers to his wife


自己送



send flowers to his wife


叫店里的人送




postcard n.


明信片



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两个爆破音在一起,前者失 去爆破音。这里


/t/



/k/


前者失去爆破音



name card /visiting card


名片



Here is my name card. (


口语常用


,


同时伴随着递出的动作


)


ID card


身份证




ID


身份)



credit card


信用卡



cash card


现金卡


,


储蓄卡


,


工资卡

< br>(


不能透支的那种


)



spoil(spoiled



spoil t) v.


使索然无味


,


损坏




vt.


弄坏,损坏,糟蹋



The sad news spoiled our weekend.


这不幸的消息使我们没能过好周末。



The rain spoiled the school sports.


这场雨把学校运动会弄得一团糟。



This spoiled my day.


What you said spoiled me.


His arrival spoiled my holiday.



vt.


宠坏,惯坏,溺爱



Don



t spoil your children.


不能太惯孩子。



His parents spoiled the boy.


spoil:


把东西的质量变得不好


;


生活中不顺 心的事


;


宠坏


,


溺爱



break:


打破


; break the windows


打破玻璃



damage:


破坏


,


程度不一定很重



destroy :


破坏


,


彻底摧毁



以上三个是指物理上的破坏


,



spoil


主要指精神上的




museum n.


博物馆



Palace Museum


故宫




public adj.


公共的




adj.


公共的,公众的,社会的



There is a public library in this town.


I always sit in public gardens on Sundays.



adj.


公开的,众人皆知的



Their secret meeting was made public 20 years later. < /p>


他们的秘密会晤


20


年以后才被公开。< /p>



public house


(酒吧)简称


pub


public place


公共场所



in public


公开的;


in private


私下里的



Let



s have a conversation in private.


让我们私下谈谈


?


Why not have a conversation in public?


为什么不公开 谈呢


?(


当面说呢


?)



n.


公众,群众,大众



The public is/are pleased with his explanation.


公众对他的解释很满意。



The museum is open to the public on Sunday.



friendly adj.


友好的





friendly


是形容词,单独使用时一般做定语;作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好


,


用短语


in a friendly way


He is not very friendly to John.


She gave me a friendly greeting.


He always greets me in a friendly way.



-ly


结尾的形容词还有

< p>
lovely



brotherly



fatherly



ma nly



motherly


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waiter n.


服务员


,


招待员



waiter(


男服务员


), waitress(


女服务员


),


只出现在餐馆里



chief waiter


领班



I want to see the chief waiter.


我要见你们的领班。



shop assistant


商店里的店员



attendant n.


(其他公共场所的)服务员




lend v.


借给



lend to


(借出):


lend sth. to sb/lend sb. sth.



Can you lend me $$20 please? I’ll pay/give it back tomorrow.



borrow from


(借进):


borrow sth. from sb./borrow sth.



borrow

< p>
不能用


borrow sb sth.




He borrowed my pen


yesterday. He hasn’t given me it yet.




decision n.


决定



make /take a decision


作出决定



It was not easy for me to make/take this decision.


Are you made/taken a decision?


make a big/great decision (big

:重大;


great


:伟大


,


更重大


)


decide v.


决定




whole adj.


整个的



a whole bottle of milk


一整瓶牛奶



the whole


…,


the whole day


整天




two whole weeks


整整两星期



all th


…,


all the day (the


可省略


)


整天



all of


后面如果加代词


,


代词前面不需要修饰词;一旦要加名词


,


前面一定要加


the


all of us



all of the students



single adj.


唯一的


,


单一的



反义词


: double


双倍的



【课文讲解】



1



Last summer, I went to Italy.


last





adj.


上一个



last summer< /p>


里的


last


表示



“上一个”




adj.


最后一个,表示“最后一个”时要加冠词


the


the last day


最后一天



(具体到一天及一天的早 中晚都要用


on




2



A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.


Italian



Italy :


注意重读音的位置不同



teach sb. sth.


教某人做某事



He teaches our English.(



)


He teaches us English.(



)


语言不可数


,


所以要用


a little Italian



a few words of Italian


I can speak a little English/a few words of English.


a few


可与复数可数名词连用,表示肯定,含有


some



a small number of


(一些,少数几个)的意思。



The police would like to ask him a few questions.


警察要问他一些问题。



3



Everyday I thought about postcards.


think about/of


考虑


,


思考, 指某一段时间一直在想


/


考虑某事


, think of


还可指想到



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What do you think of?


What do you think of TV program last night?


What do you think of the weather today?


你觉得天气怎么样


?


think over


仔细考虑,反复思考



What’s the weather like today?



cold, chilly


(非常非常冷)


, freeze


I'll freeze.


我要冻僵了



4



I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!


spend


与表示时间的词或短语连和时,意思 为“花(时间)”、“









spend+


时间


+


地点


:


在什么地点我花费


/


度过了多少时间



I spend three hours in the sea.


I spend my weekend at my mother's.


I spend three hours in the classroom everyday.


I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.(


交通堵塞


)


spend


还可以表示“花钱”



If we spend all the money, we’ll be poor again.



I can’t spend any more on this car.




Key structures




一般过去时



一般过去时通常表示过 去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。它通常指动作何时发生,而不指动作持续多久。

< br>


Do you ever catch a cold in the winter?


Yes, I caught a cold last winter.



Special Difficulties




直接宾语与间接宾语



双宾语:直接 宾语


(


表示动作结果,动作所涉及的事物


)


和间接宾语


(


动作目标,动作是谁 做的或为谁做的,通常是人


)


。间接宾语大

多数情况下置于直接宾语之前,如果间接宾语在后,间接宾主前必须加“


to


”(表示动作对什么人做)或“


for


”(表 示动作为什


么人而做)。



give sb. sth./give sth to sb


间接宾语在后面时


,


其前必须加


to(


对……而言


)



for(


为……而做


)


。可以翻译为“给”、“替”、



“为”的,就 用


for


;如果只能


翻译为“给”的< /p>


,


就用


to



to


相连的


give, take, pass, read, sell, buy



pay



hand


< br>bring



show



promise



offer



owe


take flowers to my wife.



for


相连的


buy, order, make, find


I buy a book for you .


make a cake for you


find sth. for sb.


do sb. a favor


帮某人一个忙



Do me a favor please./Do a favor for me?


帮我一个忙



I do something for you.


Can I order something for you?


Can I buy you a bottle of beer ?


意为我请你喝杯酒的意思




L


e


s


s


o


n


4 An exciting trip



exciting adj.


令人兴奋的



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exciting adj.


令人兴奋的;


excited adj.


兴奋的



-ed:


自己感到


/ -ing:


令人感到



The news exciting.


exciting boy


令人兴奋的男孩



I am excited.


excite v.


激动



(这类动词的宾语一定是人,让后面的人感到……)



The news excited me.


interesting adj.


令人感到有趣的;


interested adj.


感到有意思的



interesting man


The man is interesting.


interest v.


对……感兴趣



The book interests me.


那本书让我感到很有趣




receive v.


接受


,


收到




vt.


接到,收到,得到



When did you receive that letter?



vt.


招待,接待



You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests.


receive


是“收到”,指的是一个被动的动作,主观上接受与否不清楚。



receive/have a letter from sb.


accept


同意接收



This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy,but I didn't accept it.


take


则是主动的“拿”、“取”



I received a beautiful pen from my uncle. My brother took it from me yesterday.


take


也可以作收到



take the exam


接受考试;


take advice


接受建议




firm n.


商行


,


公司



company n.


公司




different adj.


不同的




adj.


不同的,相异的(经常与


from


连用)



We are planning something different this year.



我们今年有不同的打算。



My room is different from yours.



adj.


各种各样的,不同的



This department store sells a large number of different things.


这家百货商店出售许多各种各样的东西。



He has visited many different places in China.


他去过中国的不少地方。




abroad adv.


在国外(副词


,


直接和动词连用)



go abroad


去国外



live abroad


国外定居



study abroad


国外学习



【课文讲解】



1



I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.

同位语:一个名词(或短语等)与另一个名词(或短语)并列而作为其说明或限定成分时称为同位语。同位语 与它所补充说明的


成分之间用逗号隔开。


在译成汉语时,同位语或者插入主句中,或者另译为一句,很少像英语中那样用逗号隔开。

< br>


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This is John, one of my best friends.


这位是约翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。



Mrs. Smith, my neighbore, has never been abroad.


我的邻居史密斯夫人从来没有出过国。



2



He has been there for six months.


one month



two months


注意读音



I have arrived in Beijing.



arrive


是瞬间动词不能和段时间连用)



has been + in


地点



He has been in Beijing for one year.


He has been in America for tow years.


3



He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in


Australia.


work for

< p>
在……上班


/


任职,强调


work


I am working for a school.


work in


强调地点(在哪个地方上班)



I am working in the New Oriental school.


work at


上班



She works at a department store.


a number of


后面一定要加可数名词复数;通常


number


前有


great



la rge



good


< br>small



certain


等 形容词,数量大小也随


之改变。


a great number of


类似于


,


约等于


a lot of




A large/great number of our students are Danish.


There are a small number of spelling mistakes in your homework.


a lot of


可加可数名词也可加不可数名词



I have a lot of friends


I have a great number of friends.


4



He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia.


has gone to


去了某地没回来



has been to


曾经去过某地


,


现在不在那个地方



Have you been to Paris?


5



From there, he will fly to Perth.


from there:


从那地方起



from


即可以加时间又可以加地点



from half past 8 to half past 11


from Beijing to Tianjing


fly to Perth = go to Perth by air


6



My brother has never been abroad before, so he is fending this trip very exciting.


before


在句子后是副词


,


译为“在此之前”,是现在完成时态的标志



find


作“发现”、“









讲时宾语往往带补足语(一般为形 容词),说明宾语的状况、性质等。



find +


宾语


+


形容词做宾补



find the room clean


find her happy


be finding


在口语中经常使用



I'm find


ing... . . We’re finding... ...



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下面表示状态、感觉、情绪 、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时:


believe



doubt



see



hear



know

< br>,


understand



be long



think



consider



feel



look



seem



show



mind



have



so und



taste



require



possess


care



like

< p>


hate



love< /p>



detest



desire



Key structures




现在完成



现在完成时表示动作现存 的结果,或者过去发生的事对现在的影响。常与现在完成时连用的副词和副词短语:


be fore (now)


(以


前);


it



s the first tiem


(第一次);


so for


(到目前为止);


so far this morning


(到上午为止);


up to now


(直到现


在);


up to the present


(直到目前);


just


(刚刚);


recently


(最近);

< p>
already


(已经);


lately


(最近);


now


(现


在);


for


一段时间;


since +


时间;


still


(还;仍);


at last


(终于);


finally


(最终);疑问句和否定句中常用


ever


yet



never

< p>


not



ever


等。




I’ve planted fourteen rose bushes so far this morning.




I have lived here for several years now and I’ve made many new friends since I have lived here.



现在完成时还可和表示频度的副词连用,表示反 复和习惯性动作,如


often


(经常),

< br>frequently


(屡次),


three times


(三


次)等。




I’ve watched him on TV several times.




L


e


s


s


o< /p>


n


5 No wrong numbers



pigeon n.


鸽子



It's not my pigeon.



None of my business.


不关我的事。




message n.


(口头或书面的)信息



Here is a message for you from your sister.


an oral/written message


口信


/


便条



leave sb. a message


给……留便条



I'll leave you a message.


take a message for sb.


替某人捎口信



Can I take a message for you?


我能替你捎个口信吗


?


Can you take a message for me?


你能替我捎个口信吗


?


take a message to sb.


给某人口信



打电话


:


Hello!--


?May I have


a word with Tom ?/May I speak with/to Tom?


--


?Can you take a message for me?



information n.


信息(不可数)



messenger n.


送信人,信使




cover v.


越过;覆盖




vt.


盖,覆盖



Snow covered the whole village.


She covered the child with a coat.


她给孩子盖了件外衣。




vt.


行过(一段距离),走过(通常不用被动语态)



cover+


距离



越过……



You can cover the distance to the museum in ten minutes.



n.


覆盖物,盖子,罩子,套子



Put a cover on the box!



distance n.


距离



keep distance


保持距离



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distant adj.


远距离的



Can I share this table?


Can I join you?


importance n.


重要


important adj.


重要的



difference n.


不同


different adj.


不同的




request n.


要求


,


请求




n.


request for


对……有请求


,


有需求



I have a request for the cake.


He granted my request for more time.


他同意了我延长时间的请求。



She sent a request for help to Gary.


她向加里请求帮助。




v.


要求


,


请求



request do sth.



ask do sth.


要求某人做……



require do sth.


要求某人做……



You are required/asked to do sth.


(对人要求习惯用被动语态)




spare adj.


备用的




vt.


抽出(时间等),让给



Have you got five minutes to spare?


I cannot spare the time.


I have no time to spare.



vt.


饶恕,赦免



The robbers spared his life.


‘Share me!’begged the prisoner.




adj.


多余的,空闲的,剩下的,备用的



You can sleep in the spare bedroom.


Where can I get spare parts for this machine?


I have no spare time now.



Have yo


u any old clothes that you do not want?’ he asked.



=‘Have you any old clothes to spare?’he asked.




service n.


业务


,


服务



service


作为不可数名词时通常用于表示旅馆、餐馆以 及商店等对旅客、顾客等的侍候、接待或服务;作为可数名词时可以表示为


帮助他人所采 取的行动或所做的工作。



The service in that hotel is quite good.


You have done me a great service.


service< /p>


既可以指公用事业的业务,如:


the mail service


(邮政业务)、


the telephone service


(电话业务);也可指办这些业


务的机构,如:


a travel service


(旅行社)、


a news service


(通讯社)。



At your service. = Glad to be at your service. = I am glad to be at your service.


我很乐意为您效劳


.


serve v.


服务


,


接待



——


Thank you.


——


You are welcome.(


下次又需要再来找我


)/Not at all.(


根本完全不用谢


)/That's (all)right./That's ok.(


绝对正确


,


绝对过



)/(It's) My pleasure.(


我很高兴这么做


,


把自己放得很低


,


把对方抬得很高


)


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Thank you for your listening.


在讲课


,


演讲结束时说


,


即感谢大家的合作的概念(应以鼓掌回应)



情急之下


,


可用


No thanks.





——


Sorry.


——


No sorry.


【课文讲解】



1



Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst.


garage n.


车库


,


车行(英美读音不同)



another(+


单数名词


)


其它的很多个中的一个,



Can you show me another?


other(+


名词


) adj.


其它的


(


可加单


/


复数名词


)


the other


两个之中的另外一个



one



the other




一个……另一个……



One is watering the flowers, and the other is reading.


others(


不用再加名词


)= other +


名词复数



Some boys are playing football, and others are rowing/(going boating).


2



Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has


just bought twelve pigeons.


介词


from


在这里表示距离上相隔,作“距……”、“



离……”讲,常与


away


连用



It is far (away) from here.


Bus stop is only one mile from school/here.


Bus stop is only one mile (away).


She has been away from home for 5 days now.


How far...?


多远(对距离提问)



How far(away) is the bus stop?


How far is your home(from here)?


My home is ten miles away from here.


get a telephone


得到电话


,


安装电话



3



Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury.


carry v.


带着


,


携带(其强调所携带的东西不会着地)



I carried my son.


(背或抱着)



I carry the bag.


take v.


带着



I take my sister to the cinema.


from



to


…表示从一个地方到另一个地方



He looked at the girl from head to foot.


The news spread from house to house.


家家户户都得知了这条消息。



4



The bird covered the distance in three minutes.


cover the distance


飞过那段距离



5



Up to now, has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to


the other.


up to now =up till now


到目前为止,到现在为止


(

< p>
作时间状语,时态多用现在完成时,相当于


until/till now)


Up to now, he has not been very hard-working.


request for


对……的需求



a great many(+


可数名词复数


)


许多……



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a great many


可以做形容词短语:



A great many trees were destroyed in the storm.


也可作代词短语:



He has read a great many of the books in this room.


a great number of(+


可数名词复数


)


许多……



urgent adj.


紧急的



something urgent


紧急的事情




Key structures




一般过去时与现在完成时



在表示过 去某个特定时间发生的事情或动作时,要用一般过去时。在表示刚刚或者已经完成一个动作并且对现在有影响时, 则要


用现在完成时,时间状语可以是不特指的


now



just


或者


for


引导的一段时间,或者不加任何时间状语。


< br>一般过去时与现在完成


时的共同点:动作在过去都做过了;区别:过去式只能强调 过去的事


,


和现在没有任何关系


.


I ate a piece of bread.


现在完成时


,


强调过去的事情对现在产生的影响


.


I have eaten a piece of bread this morning. I'm not hungry.


The clock stopped.


陈述事实



The clock has stopped.


过去的事实对现在造成影响



It snowed yesterday.


It has snowed yesterday.


强调对现在造成影响




Special Difficulties





way


的短语



in the way


按照,以……方式



Do your work in the way I have shown you.


按我给你示范的方法来做你的工作。



I do the work in the way you showed me.


I fly the kite in the way you showed me.


in the/one



s way


挡路;妨碍(某人)



Sorry, you are in the way.(


在口语中很少用


,


一般直接用


Excuse me.


就可以了


)



Don’t stand in the way. I can’t see the blackboard.



in this way


这样


,


以这种方式


He saves old envelopes. In this way, he has collected a great many stamps.


in a way


从某种意义上来说,在某种程度上



In a way, you are kind.


in a friendly way


用友好的方式



in the family way


怀孕了


,


快有小孩了


(have a baby)


The woman is in the family way.


by the way


随便说一声


,


随便问一下

< p>
(


插入语,改变话题时用


)


By the way, have you seen Harry recently?


on the/one



s way(to)


在去……的途中


(


陈述句


) :


on the way to school/the office



on the way home


out of the way


让路



Get out of the way!


你给我滚出去


!


get one's own way


随心所欲


(at one



s pleasure)


Children get their own way during the holidays.


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关于系动词


:


一般来说


,



be become


一定不单独使用


,


往往要在后面加上表语


,


我们称它为系动词


.


但另外还有一 些系动词同时


又是不及物的实义动词


,


常见的有


: seem, look, appear, sound, taste, feel, smell, stay, remain, keep, grow, turn, go, run, get,


prove, stand



,


这些词有的语法书上称为半联系动词


.

< br>★


L


e


s


s


o


n


6 Percy Buttons



beggar n.


乞丐



beg v.


乞求



I beg your pardon?


beg for


乞求得到



ask for


请求得到(


ask sb. for sth.


向某人索要某物)




food n.


食物(不可数)



a lot of food



pocket n.


衣服口袋



inner pocket


内口袋;


jacket pocket


夹克的口袋;


coat pocket


大衣口袋



pocket book


袖珍书;


pocket dictionary


袖珍词典



pocket pick


车上的小偷



pocket money (


小孩的


)


零花钱< /p>



change


零钱



get exact change


准备好正确的零花钱



beer money (


男人的


)


零花钱




call v.


拜访


,


光顾




vt.&vi.


叫,喊



I heard someone calling.


call out =shout


大声喊




vt.


呼唤,召唤



Lucy is sick. Please call a doctor.



vi.


访问,拜访;(车、船等)停靠



Amy called (at our house) yesterday.


The train calls at large stations only.


这列火车只停大站。



call on sb.


拜访某人



I will call on you.


我要去你家。



call at+


地点=


visit someplace


拜访某地



I will call at your home.


我要去你家。




vt.&vi.


打电话



call sb =call up sb.


给某人打电话



call back


回某人电话



Can you take a message for me? =Can you tell him to call back?


call in sb.


招集和邀请某人



For the project, the government called in a lot of experts.


【课文讲解】



1



Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door.



knock v.


敲门




vi.


敲门



I knocked, but no one answered.


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knock at


敲(门、窗等)



knock at the door



knock at the window



vt.&vi.


碰撞



You always knock things off the table.


你总是碰掉桌上的东西。



Jim was knocked over by a bus this morning.


今天上午吉姆被一辆公共汽车撞倒了。



She has knocked a cup over again.


她又碰倒了一个杯子。




vt.


把(某人)打成……状态



He knocked Tom out yesterday.


他昨天把汤姆打昏过去了。






off


连用时有一些特殊含义,一般用于口语



vt.


(价格上)减去,除去,打折扣



They knocked five dollars off the price of the coat.


The shop assistant knocked 10% off the bill.



He reduced the price by 10%.




vi.


下班,停止,中断(工作等)



When do you usually knock off?


你一般什么时候下班?



He knocked off for lunch at half past eleven.


他十一点半休息吃中午饭。



2



He asked me for a meal and a glass of beer.


ask (sb.) for sth =request for sth.


问某人要什么东西




for


为了这个目的去请求某人


, sb.


更多的时候不出现


, ask for sth.




The boy asked (his parents)for money again/once more.


3



In return for this, the beggar stood on his head and sang songs.


in return for this


作为对……的回报,作为交换(


this


在代词当中常常指代上文的一件事情)



I'll buy a present for him in return for hospitality.



hospitality adj.


热情)



in return


作为回报



You lent me this i


nteresting book last month. In return (for it), I’ll show you some picture books.



In return for your help, I invite you to spend the weekend with my family.


He doesn't want anything in return.


他不想得到任何回报



stood on his head


倒立



stand on one's hands


用手着地< /p>


(hand


单数就是一只手


,


双手复数


)


stand on one's knees


跪着


,


膝盖



lie on one's back


仰面躺着



lie on one's side


侧躺



lie on one's stomach


趴着



4



Later a neighbour told me about him.


介词


about


可以和一些动词连用,以表示“关于……(的)”、“





及……(的)”



Please tell me about the accident.


tell sb. about sth.


告诉某人某事(


about


关于


,


通过其他事自己得出的结论)



tell you about him


tell you about the word


解释这个单词的意思



tell sb. sth.


告诉某人某件事


(


把事情直接告诉


)


tell you the news


tell you the word


直接告诉这个单词



5



Everybody knows him.


everybody


作为主语一定作单数看待


,


属于不定代词



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所有的不定代词作为主语一律为单数看待


: somebod y



anybody



everything




6



He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.


calls at


光顾,拜访



in the street


(英国)


/on the street


(美国)



once a month


一个月一次


,


单位表达方式



once adj.


表示每……一次(表示频率时后面直接加表示时间的名词)


,


计量单位




/




(每……)



five kilometers an hour


He goes back to the South once a year.



Key structures




A, The and Some


当表示不确定的某个人或物时,用不定冠词


a/an


(单数


,


可数名 词);当表示不可数的名词时,则需要由不定冠词加量词组成词


组。


在表示一种笼统概念(某某一类


/

一种东西)的陈述句中可以省略


a



some


A tiger is a dangerous animal.


Tigers are dangerous.


Salt is necessary for/to us all.


表示某个确定的人或事 物或者上文已提到过的人或事物,则要用定冠词


the


(有时相当于



this/th at/these/those



,


可 数名词单


/


复数或不可数名词均可。



在姓名、地名、国名(非复合词)以及月份、星期等前面不加任何冠词。



a



the


的区别:


a


是泛指


, a man


;特指


, the man


在文章当中第一次出现名词的时候往往用


a


< br>an


修饰


,


第二次出现的时候用


the


A man is walking towards me. The man is carrying a parcel. The parcel is full of meat.


I have just drunk a glass of milk. Milk is very refreshing.


I ate an apple. Apples are delicious.


She always buys flour, sugar and tea at the grocer's.


一般姓名前一般不能加冠词,表示“某某一类人当中


,


具有这种特征当中的一个”,加不定冠词


a


a Mr. Zhang


张先生这类人




Special Difficulties




短语动词



某些动词的后面加上介词或副词以后就会改变词义


,


这种新的组合称作短语动词



put v.




put on


穿上,戴上



tak v.


拿走



take off


脱掉,摘掉



look v.




look at


看;


look for


寻找;


look after


照顾;


look out


当心;


look out of


向外看



call


call at



call on



call in



call back




call for


去取某物


,


去接某人;需要



The problem calls for immediate action.


这个问题需要立即采取行动



knock v.




knock at


敲门



knock off


下班



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He knocked off earlier.


knock off


打折



Knock 10% off the price.


把……撞倒,如果有地点,用介词


off


;无地点,用介词


over


knock sth. off+


地点



knock the vase off the table


I knocked the boy off the bicycle.


knock over


A car knocked the boy over.


knock out


打晕


,


在拳击场合中


,


把人打倒在地叫


knock out(


专用术语


)


He did not know how to fight, but he knocked the boxer out.



L


e


s


s


o


n


7 Too late



detective n.


侦探



detective story


侦探小说




airport n.


机场




airfield n.


飞机起落的场地



port


港口;


airport


航空港



at the airport


在机场



field


田野;


airfield


停机坪



on the airfield


在停机坪上




expect v.


期待


,


等待




vt.&vi.


预计,预料



Jim has failed in mathematics as his teacher expected.


正如他老师所预料的那样,吉姆数学考试没及格。




vt.


等待,期待,盼望(心理上的等待)



They are expecting guests tonight.


今晚有人要去他们那里作客。



ex pect


所表示的等待一般暗含着根据某些信息或规律而作出相应反应的意思,而


wait for


主要接续“等待”这个动作本身。



expect sth.


I expect a letter from Jimmy.


expect do sth.


期待某人做某事



I expect you to write back.


I expect my mother to come back.


wait for sth./sb.


动作上的等待



I wait for my mother.



vt.


认为,猜想(一般用于口语)



I expect so./I think so.


我希望如此[口语]



I expect you



ve heard the news.


我想你已经听到这个消息了。




valuable adj.


贵重的




precious adj.


珍贵的



value n.&v.


价值;


valuable adj.


有价值的



valuable/ precious


precious adj.


珍贵的(带有一定的感情色彩)



precious photo


珍贵的照片



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-less


表否定


;


priceless adj.


没有价格的


,


无价的



valueless adj.


没有价值


,


不足道的



worthless adj.


无价值的




diamond n.


钻石



diamond ring


钻石戒指



precious stone


宝石;


crystal


水晶;


jade





st eal



stole



stolen



v.





vt.&vi.


偷盗,行窃



英语中“偷”用


steal



rob


来表达,宾语是物,用


steal


;宾语是人,用


rob


;跟地点相连,也用


rob


steal sth.



(


某物


)


My wallet was stolen.


John never steals.


约翰从不偷东西。



rob sb.



(


某人


)


I was robbed.


rob the bank



vt.


巧妙地占用,偷偷地弄到手



He has stolen away Mary



s heart.


他已赢得玛丽的芳心。




vi.


偷偷地行动,悄悄靠近



He stole into the room.


他悄悄地进了房间。




main adj.


主要的



main building



main street



main sentence



main idea


main


不能与人连用




guard n.


警戒


,


守卫



life guard


救生员



body guard


保镖



keep guard


守望,警戒



They kept a close guard over the thieves.


他们对小偷们严加看管。



stand guard


站岗,放哨



【课文讲解】



1



The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning.


all


一般直接加表示时间的单 数名词构成副词短语,如:


all day



all night



all week



all winter



all year


等。但不说


all


hour




whole


在表达同样的意思时一般要加冠词或数词,如


a whole day/year



two whole weeks




all morning=all the morning


The plane was late


飞机晚


(



)




The bus was late./The train was late.


detectives


没有强调一些侦探或者那些侦探


,


强调侦探这种人,笼统感念


,


可不加


some, the


2



They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamonds from South Africa.


a valuable parcel of diamonds


a cup of tea


强调的是茶



South Africa


南非



3



A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds.


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a few hours earlier


几个小时以前



= a few hours before/a few hours ago


would +do


过去将来时


,< /p>


间接方式


,


转述


,


站在过去看未来



4



When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while


others were waiting on the airfield.


代词


others


常常和


some


连用,表示“有些(人)……,也有些(人)……”或“有的……,其余的……”



one



the other




一个……另一个……



some



others




一些……另一些……



Some students are very hard-working, others are not.


others=other+


名词复数



5



Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House.


take sth. off…=take sth. away from…



and carried it into



carried


表示看得很重



Customs House


海关



6



While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel. To their surprise, the


precious parcel was full of stones and sand!



were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel.


表面上是分工


,


两个动作同时发生


,


不是同时开始同时结束


,


延续时间不一致


,


长一点时间的动作用进行时态


,


短时间的动作用过去时


.


When someone knocked at the door, I was having dinner.


keep guard


守卫



They kept a close guard over the thieves.


at the door


在门边< /p>


(


固定搭配


)


two others=two other detectives


to one's surprise,


让某人惊讶的是



To my surprise, the teacher was late.


To one



s +


表达人情绪的名词



to one's joy


To my joy, my mother came here yesterday.


to one's excitement


To our excitement, our team wins.


be full of ...


装满



My bag was full of books.


The cup is full of water.



Key structures




过去进行时



过去进行时的构成:< /p>


be


的过去式


+


现在分词



过去进行时和一般过去时经常同在一个句子里使用 。过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作或情况,一般过去时则表示比较短暂的


动作或事件 。正在进行中的动作或情况往往由连词


when


< p>
while



as



just as


等引导。



when



while


当……时候(强调动作同时发生)



while+


从句


,


动词一定是延续性动词



when+


延续性动词


/


瞬间动词



while


能用


when


代替,但是


when


却不一定能用


while


代替。


while


通常只引导持续时间较长的动作,并且主句和从句可以同时


用过去进行时,而


when



as

一般不这么用。



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John was watching TV while his wife was talking with a neighbour over the phone.


Just as I was leaving the house, you came in.


wh en


也可以引导比较短暂的动作,


while

< br>和


as


则一般不行。



We were having supper when the lights went out.


过去进行时往往与表示一段时间的状语连用,如


all morning



all night



all day



all evening



the whole week


等,表示这段


时间一直在干什么。



What were you doing all evening? I couldn’t find you an


ywhere.


过去动作同时发生的时态





过去两个动作同时发生


,


习惯上一个用一般过去时


,


另一个用过去进行时;动作长用过去进行时


,


动作短用一般过去时


;


分工的


情况


,


动作的开始时间和结束时间几乎相同


,


均用过去进行时


;


I was listening to the radio, my sister was dancing.


When my mother was doing the housework, my father was watching TV.




两个动作在同时段进行


,


在不同时间结束


,


先发生的动作未结束


,


另一个动作发生


,


先发生的动作用进行时态


,


另一个动作用过去



.


When I was opening the door, the telephone rang.


先开门



When the telephone was ringing, I opened the door.


电话先响





瞬间动词(如:


arrive


)没有进行时态


,


所以两个动作同时发生


,


延续性动词用进行时态


,


瞬间动词使用过去时态


.


When he arrived, I was having dinner.


I am arriving


进行时态表示将要



Exercises D


1 As my father ______ (leave) the house, the postman ______ (arrive).


was leaving


< p>
arrived(


两个瞬间动词同时发生可能性很小


,


应具体分析


,


故用进行时态表将来


)


5 While mother ______ (prepare) lunch, Janet ______ (set) the table.


set the table


摆桌子



was preparing



set



Special Difficulties




短语动词中的小品词



许多动词加上 介词或副词后就会改变词义,这些介词和副词通常被称为小品词。它们没有词形的变化。



有些小品词既可以作介词又可以作副词。判断一个小品词是副词还是介词要看小品词有没 有带宾语。有宾语的是介词,没有宾语


的是副词,介词的位置相对固定,不能变动。




vi.&vt.+ prep./adv.+


宾语


(n.)


She is walking up the hill.



vt.+


宾语


(n./pron.)+adv.


take off the coat =take the coat off =take it off


put on your shoes =put your shoes on =put them on


I always take money with me.


我身上总带些钱



Exercise


11 They have pulled down the old building.


pull down




< br>pull



down

< p>



pull one's leg


开玩笑



You are pulling my leg.


你开我玩笑



12 Make up your mind.


make up



--->make up one's mind


习惯用法不换


,


语法上可换

< p>


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13 He asked for permission to leave.


ask for



-->ask (sb.) for sth.


其实是省略


sb.


故不可换




L


e

< br>s


s


o


n


8 The best and the worst



competition n.


比赛,竞赛(暗地里的竞争)



race n.


比赛,竞赛



car race


match n.


比赛



football match


contest n.


比赛(更广泛)



baby contest


宝宝大赛;


beauty contest


选美



game :


游戏


,


运动




neat adj.


整齐的


,


整洁的,井井有条



clean adj.


干净的



neat=tidy


tidy (up) the room


整理房间




pool n.


水池


(


人工的


)


swimming pool


游泳池



pond


池塘(天然的)




golden pond


》—金色池塘



【课文讲解】



1



Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town.


Joe's garden is the most beautiful.


Bill's garden is the largest.


Bill’s garden is larger than Joe’s.



(比较的东西都是同类的事物


joe



s


的“’

< br>s


”不能省略)



2



Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year, but Joe wins every time.


nearly



almost


意义相似,表示“几乎”、“



差不多”、“





点儿”的意思。



I have nearly forgotten his name.


我差点把他的名字忘了。



I



m nearly/almost ready.


我快准备好了。



enter for


报名参加(各种竞赛,考试等活动)



win



won


,< /p>


won



v.





vi.




I win.


I lose. (


输了


)



vt.


赢得……



win something


后面往往是奖品


,

< br>不能接对手



I win the book.


I win the gold cup.


win a prize


赢得了一个奖



win a prize for




因为……而获奖



defeat+


对手



I defeat you.


3



Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's.


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名词加

-



s


表示所属关系,构成名词的 所有格。这类名词往往指有生命的东西,特别是人。所有格的语法作用相当于形容词,限


定后面的名词。这个被限定的名词在上下文中第二次被提到时可以省略,只要不引起误解。



4



He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool.


make



build


在这里是同义词,“修建,建造”。


make


的词义比较笼统、广泛,可解释为“做、作出、制造”等,而


build



要限于建筑业,指“建造,建设,盖房子,修筑( 桥梁)等”



Have you made the skirt by yourself?


They have made a road along the river.



Key structures




形容词和副词的比较级和最高级



比 较级相当于汉语中“比……更……”这种句型,最高级则表示在某个范围“最……”的概念。最高级在使用时前面 通常要加定冠



the


,并有一个短语或从句限定其范围。



1


、比较级和最高级的构成:





单音节词和少数双音节词在词尾加


-er



-est

,以辅音加


-y


结尾的词变


-y< /p>



-i


,再加


- er



-est





-e< /p>


结尾的词加


-r



-st




以一个辅音字母结尾 的单音节词要双写最后一个字母,再加


-er



-est




三个或者是三个音节以上(多音节)



比较级的构成


: more+


原级



最高级的构成


: the most+


原级



有一些双音节词既 可在单词结尾加


-er



-est


,也可与


more/less



most/least


连用,如


narrow



clever



commo n



pleasant


等。

< p>


clever



cleverer



more clever


fun adj.


快乐



more fun


(美国人用)





有些构成是不规则的:



good/well(better best)



bad/ill(worse worst)



many/much(more most)



little(less least)




far(farther further , farthest furthest)



farther:

距离上的远和更远,


further:


程度上的更进一步)



further more(


更有甚者


)


old(older elder, oldest eldest)


older


比……大



She is older than somebody


elder


做定语修饰其他名词



elder sister (


年长的


)


姐姐



2


、比较级和最高级的用法



在使用比较级时,如果需要把所比较的两项都提到,那么就必须比较级后用

than




My room is cleaner than the one next door.


如果比较级之所指很清楚,它可独立存在:



Which house do you prefer?


I prefer the older one.


最高级的限定范围一般用


of



among



in


等介词短语;限定范围也可以是从句;如果范围很清楚,则可以省略。



John is the tallest of the three brother.


This is the coldest day in ten years.



Mary is the most intelligent person I’ve ever met.




Special Difficulties




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every


构成的合成词



every



one



body



thing


可以构成复合不定代词


everyone


< p>
everybody



everything



Everyone


everybody


一般可以


替换使用,后面的代词既可以 用单数,也可以用复数,但它们本身均被视为单数。



Everyone/Everybody knows what he has to do.


=Everyone/Everybody knows what they have to do.


每个人都知道自己必须做什么。



Everything is going well.


一切都很顺利。



each



every


均可译为“每一个”, 两者常可互换。


every


只能是形容词性,强调整体,常用来 指一个大的、不确定的数目,不


能直接做主语;


each


既可作形容词,又可作代词,强调个体,常用以一个确定的并通常是有限的数目,在作代词时, 直接作主语


或宾语,使用第三人称单数



Every/Each time I wash the car it rains.


Enter and Enter for


enter



vt.&vi.


进入



enter+


地点名词



Always knock on the door before you enter.



vt.&vi.


参加,加入



We



ve entered into an agreement.


我们已达成一项协议。



He soon entered their conversation.


enter for+


表示比赛、竞赛、考试的名词



报名参加


,


强调报名



enter for the exam


She entered (her name/herself) for the mathematics competition.


她报名参加数学竞赛。



take part in


真正的参加



2 Will you enter ___for___ this week's crossword competition?


crossward


文字游戏



3 Many athletes have entered ___for___ the Olympic Games this year.


athletes = sportsman


运动员


,


体育家




L


e


s


s


o< /p>


n


9 A cold welcome



welcome n.


欢迎;


v.


欢迎




n.


欢迎



a cold welcome


冷遇




v.


欢迎



welcome to+


地点



welcome to China



welcome to my home



welcome home



welcome back



adj.


受欢迎的



You are welcome.


You are welcome to+


地点




crowd n.


人群




n.


人群



in the crowd


在人群中



I spotted him in the crowd.


我在人群中一眼就认出了他



a crowd of people


一群人,没有次序的人群


,


拥挤的人群



a group of people


一群人,有次序的人群




v.


拥挤


,


挤满



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a large crowd of people


一大群人



crowds of people


许多人


,


人山人海




gather v.


聚集




vt.


使集拢,集合,召集



He gathered a large crowd of people round him.




vt


收集,采集,收(庄稼等)



The children are out in the field gathering flowers.


孩子们在外面地里采花。



It has taken me a lifetime to gather all these books.


收集所有这些书花了我一辈子的时间。




vi.


集拢,聚集,集合



They gathered under the Town Hall clock.


people gathered


人们聚集在一起


,


尤指自发性的聚集




hand n. (


表或机 器的


)


指针;手



minute hand



second hand



hour hand


second hand


二手的,旧的,秒针



wait me a moment/wait me a few seconds(for a few secs.)



secs.



seconds


的缩写)




refuse v.


拒绝




vt.


拒绝(接受、服从等)



She refused the gift.



vt.


拒不,不肯,不愿



John refused to change his mind.


约翰拒不改变主意。




vi.


拒绝,不接受



I offered to pay him for his help, but he refused.


对于他的帮助我提出给他报酬,但他拒绝了。




shout v.


喊叫



call out


大声喊叫



cry out


大声哭喊



scream


尖叫



【课文讲解】



1



A cold welcome


冷遇



cold adj.


冷的


,


寒冷的


,


冷淡的



cold fish


冷漠的人



My brother is a cold fish.


lucky dog


幸运的人



What does



refer to


指……)



2



On Wednesday evening, we went to the Town Hall.


mor ning



afternoon



evening


前如果加修饰词则用介词


o n


,否则用


in


Town Hall


市政厅



3



It was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock.


the last day of the year


一年中的最后一天



a large crowd of the people


一大群人



4



It would strike twelve in twenty minutes' time.



strike v.


打,击;敲,弹(钟,乐器等)



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v.


打,击



She struck the man in the face.



v.


敲,弹(钟,乐器等)



strike the clock


(人)敲钟



clock strike


钟自己响



Listen, the clock is striking.


strike twelve


数字表示敲击的次数



minute s'


名词所有格,用来表达时间



名词所有格表示时间或距离



It will leave in five minutes'time.


in twenty(minutes'time)


名词所有格可省略



an hour's time


How far is the school from here?


3 minutes' walk.


三分钟路程。



5



Fifteen minutes passed and then, at five to twelve, the clock stopped.



minutes pass




几点过几分(前半小时,


pass


过了)



25 minutes passed eight



minutes to




几点过几分(后半小时,


to


还没到)



a quarter to nine/15 minutes to nine


时刻指点时间


,


时间指段时间。时刻前的介词用


at



(some time) passed and then, sth. happened


……时间过去了,……



An hour passed and then, he arrived.


一个小时过去了,他终于来了。




minutes later


几分钟以后



6



We waited and waited, but nothing happened.


waited and waited


等啊等啊


,


强调动作的重复(


walked and walked



run and run




happen vi.


事情做主语


,


事情发生



What happened?


Nothing happened.


7



It was true.


It was true that+


从句



……是一个事实



8



The big clock refused to welcome the New Year.


refuse to do sth.


拒绝去做某事



I refuse to leave.


我拒绝离开



I refuse to move.


我拒绝移动



9



At that moment, everybody began to laugh and sing.


at that moment = just then


就在那时



at the moment = now


现在


,


此刻


,


在此时




Key structures




引导 时间状语的介词


in/on/at/during/till



until


1


、用


in


的时间短语有:





表示一天中的某段时间:


in the morning



in the afternoon



in the evening




表示周、月份、年份:


in a week



in January



in Feb



in 1992




表示季节:


in summer



in spring



in autumn



in winter


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in+

表示时间长度的短语可以表示“在某段时间之内”,这时可以与现在时、过去时或将来时连用,一般与完成某 动作有关;还可


译为“……时间之后”,一般与将来时连用。根据时态判别


in


表示的含义



in twenty minutes' time 20


分钟之后



We will finish class in half an hour.


2


、用


on


的时间短语有:





表示星期:


on Monday



on Friday




表示日期:


on June 1st



on 23rd March


(在书写日期时没有冠词,但在口语中则分别读为:


on June the


first



on the 23rd of March






表示星期


+


日期:


on Monday, June 1st




表示具体时间:


on Wednesday evening



on fine afternoon



on that day


3


、用


at


的时间短语有:





表示确切的时间:


at five to twelve



at ten o'clock




表示用餐时间:


at lunch/dinner time



at teatime




表示其他时刻:


at night



at noon



at midnight



at that time

< p>
4



during


在…… 期间,后必须跟一个名词,可以指整个一段时间,有时可以用


in


替代



He has phoned four times during the last half hour.


I met him sometime during the week.


(不能用


in


代替)



我是在这一周的某天遇到他的。



during the holiday


强调假期的从头到尾



He enjoyed himself during his holiday.


in the holiday


强调这段时间其中某一点时间


,


并不表示自始至终



I was caught in an accident in the holiday.


5



from



till




指一段明确的时间:



The tourist season runs from June till October.


6



until prep.&coin.


直到……时候,直到什么时候为止


,


直到什么时候才



until


主句和从句两个都用一般过去时对


(


最习惯的 一种用法


),


主句和从句任何一个用过去完成是也对



I can't enter for the sports meeting until tomorrow.


I had not understood the problem until he explained it.


We hadn't disturbed him until he finished work.


We didn't disturb him until he had finished work.


We didn't disturb him until he finished work.(


更习惯于这种用法


)


7



from



to




Everyday we have English class from 8:30 to 11:30


关于时间表示方法


: What



s the time?/What time is it?


A


整点


: A o



clock


A



B


分 (


B<30



: A B / B past A


A



15

< p>


: A fifteen / fifteen past A / a quarter past A


A


< br>30



: A thirty / half past A


A



B

< p>


(B>30) : A B / (60-B) to (A+1)


A



45


分< /p>


: A forty-five / a quarter to (A+1) / fifteen to (A+1)



Special Difficulties




Any



Not...Any and No


any


用于否定句和疑问句中


, some


用 于肯定句


(


或要求得到肯定回答的疑问句


)


Do you have any friends?


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I don't have any friends.


not


用在非实义动词后面


,


实义动词前面


.


not any=no


用在名词前面,


no



not any


的语气要强,但这两种否定的意义是相同的。



I have no friends.


no


可构成复合词


nobody



none



nothing



nowhere



any

可构成复合词


anybody



a nything



anywhere




在一个句子中


通常只能有一个否定词 (包括


never



hardly


等词)




L< /p>


e


s


s


o


n


10 Not for jazz



jazz n.


爵士音乐



a kind of music



musical adj.


音乐的



musical student


有音乐天赋的人



music student


学音乐的人(


the student who learned music





instrument n.


乐器



instrument=musical instrument


instrument


常用的意思是“器械”、“







”,



























也可用来泛指各种乐器。




clavichord n.


古钢琴


,


不是现代的


piano


a kind of instrument



recently adv.


最近



recently=lately



damage v.


损坏




n.


损害,损失,伤害



The storm has done a lot of damage to the village.



vt.


损害,毁坏,损坏



The car was badly damaged in the accident.



key n.


琴键




n.


琴键




n.


钥匙,答案



key to the door


门钥匙



Do you know the key to the question?



adj.


关键的



key structure



shock v.


使不悦或生气


,


震惊




v.


使不悦或生气


,


震惊



跟人的情绪有关的动词的宾语往往是



“人”


(



sth.


为主语


)


The news shocks me.


这个消息使我震惊




adj.


令人震惊的



It is shocking.



adj.


感到震惊



凡是能够用



“人”



做宾语


,


又是表示人的情绪活动的动词


,


有两 个形容词形成:令人……(


V+ing


);感

< br>


到……(


V+ed




I'm shocked.



n.


震惊



get a shock


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sb. get a shock


某人很吃惊



shock


必指坏事


,


令人不悦


,


生气的



surprise


好事坏事都可以


,


只要你没有料到的



I want to give you surprise.



allow v.


允许


,




allow doing sth.


Smoking is allowed.



people allow smoking


allow sb. to do sth. / allowed to do sth.


allow


常用于被动语态



You are allowed to smoke(


被动语态


)


You are not allowed to enter the room if you don't take the card with you



touch v.


触摸




vt.&vi.


触摸,碰



You are not allowed to touch the vase.



vt.


谈及,涉及,关系到



A rise in the cost of living touches everyone.


生活费用的增加与每个人都有关系。



【课文讲解】



1



It is called a clavichord.


call


在这里的意思是“把…… 称为”、“







”,



















也可用于被动语态。



call ./ called


称某人为……,什么被称为……



What do you call this?


你们把这称为什么?



2



It has belonged to our family for a long time.


belong


是一个表示状态的动词,而不是行为动词,所以不能用于进行时,常用的时态是一般现在 时和现在过去时。



This farm belongs to me and it belonged to my father before me.


3



She tried to play jazz on it!


play n.


玩,演奏(乐器等)





跟球类连用


,


直接


+


球类


;




跟乐器连用


, +the+


乐器


,


演奏乐器而非音乐




play music on +


乐器


,


一定要用




on





Key structures




被动语态



主动语态与被动语态皆指 动词的形式而言。在主动句中,动词的主语是执行动作的人或物;在被动句中,动作是对主语执行的。

< p>


被动语态由


be


的一种 形式和过去分词构成。主动语态的时态用法规则也适用于被动语态。动词作及物动词用时才能构成被动语


态。如果要说明是什么人或什么东西做了某事,则用“


by+

< p>
行为主体”结构。“行为主体”也可以不表示出来。




Special Difficulties




与被 动语态的


made


连用的几个介词



made in


表示产地或时间



It was made in Germany.


made of


表示用某种材料制成(通常指制造后不改变该材 料原来的性质或形状)



The tea pot is made of silver.


made from


表示 用数种材料制成,或者是制造后改变了材料原来的性质或形状



Paper can be made from wood.


made by


表示由谁制造



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This cake was made by my sister.


be made into


被制成……



The gold is made into a ring.


双重所有格



双重所有格


/


双重属格


:



名词


+of+


名词所有格


(


名词性的物主代词


)


英语中通常用


-



s



of


结构来表 示所有格。


-



s

结构通常用在人名和表示人称的名词的末尾,而


of


结构则 常与无生命的名词连


用。



-



s


结构的所有格可用于

of


结构之后,称为双重所有格。在







前面,可以用


a


< br>this



that



these



some



any



no


等,


但不用


the




He is a friend of mine.


含有“他是我的一个特殊的或惟一的朋友”之意。



He is no friend of mine.


含义是“我根本不认识他”或“他是我的敌人”



强调很多当中的一个或几个的时候


,


选用双重属格结构



a friend of my father/my father's friend(s)


只有一个朋友



a friend of my father's


很多朋友中的一个



It happened to a friend of mine.


我的很多朋友中的一个




L


e


s


s


o


n


11 One good turn deserves another



turn n.


行为


,


举止



turn n.


(帮助或损害他人的)举动、行为



Yesterday George did me a good/an ill turn.


乔治昨天做了一件对我有利


/

< p>
不利的事。



He is always ready to do a turn for others.


他总是乐于为他人做好事。



behavior n.


行为


,


举止



Pay attention to your behavior.



deserve v.


应得到


,


值得




deserve + n.


应该得到……,值得……,应得(奖赏、惩罚等)



He deserves praise.


他应该得到表扬



Yor deserve the best.



你应该得到最好的



He deserved a promotion.



promotion n.


提升)




deserve sth./to do sth.


应该……



She deserved to be punished.


Good work deserves good pay.


多劳多得



His words deserve attention.


他的话值得注意。




lawyer n.


律师



lawyer's office


律师事务所




bank n.


银行



rob the bank


抢银行




salary n.


工资



pay n.


工资


(salary+wage


,通用


)


salary n.


薪金, 薪水


(


月薪


,


年薪,通常指职员、脑力劳动者(如律师、教师、医生等)有固定工作或管理阶层的收入,数额比


较固定,一般按月支付


)


My salary is paid on the 28Th of the month.


wage n.


工资,工钱


(


按小时


,


周计算的,通常指技工或一 般体力劳动者,不稳定的工作人的收入,按周或天支付。一般用复数形



wages)




When I worked as a waiter, the wages were low, but the tips were good.


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我当侍者时工资不高,但小费可观。



bonus n.


奖金


,


分红



collet v.


搜集


,


领取



collect salary/wage


领工资




immediately adv.


立刻



right away =at once =immediately


立刻


,


马上



right now


现在



【课文讲解】



1



One good turn deserves another


礼尚往来


,


善有善报



one bad turn deserves another


恶有恶报



2



Tony worked in a lawyer's office years ago, but he is now working at a bank.


work for




强调工作



work in




强调

< br>in


后面的地点



working at a bank


(some/several) years ago


名词


-s,


前面省略了


some


3



He gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back.


The teachers in the New Oriental school can get a good salary.


borrow sth. from sb.


从……借……



never=not


前面不需要加助动词



pay


在这里的意思是“偿还(债务等)”,还可解释为“付,支付(价款、账单)等”。


Pay


既是及物动词也可以是不及物动


词。



How much did you pay for that dress?


I paid the bill.


pay back


还钱



never pays it back


从不归还



4



Tony saw me and came and sat at the same table.


and


连接三个并列的动词



at the same table


坐在同一张桌子旁边



at table


吃饭



at the table


坐在桌子旁边



Would you like to join us?


5



'I have never borrowed any money from you,' Tony said, 'so now you can pay for my dinner!'


pay for


为……而付钱



I have paid for you a dinner.


I have paid 20 dollars for the book.


ask (sb.) for sth.


问……要……



It's my treat.


我请客



This time is your treat. Next time is my turn.


Let's go dutch. AA





Key structures




复习动词时态:



The Taj Mahal ______ (build) in the seventeenth century for the emperor Shah Jehan. A few years after he ______


(become) ruler, his wife, Mumtaz-i-Mahal, ______ (die). The Taj Mahal ______ (build)


in her honour


. Experts ______ (call) in


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from many parts of the world to construct the domes and to decorate the walls. The Taj Mahal which ______ (begin) in


1632 and ______ (complete) in 1654 ______ (cost) a fortune. Up to the present day, it ______ (visit) by millions of people.


The Taj Mahal


泰姬陵



in one's honour


为了纪念某人



up to the present day=up to now


was built



became< /p>



died



w as built



were called (call in:


召集


)



was begun



was completed



costhas been visited



Special Difficulties




动词


+


名词


/


代词


+



to


的不定式



某些动词之后的带< /p>


to


的不定式之前可以有一个名词或代词。有些动词后的名词


/


代词可有可无,但有和没有经常影响影响整个句

< br>子的意义。



I asked him to lend me twenty pounds.


I want to speak to John.


I want you to speak to John.


Would you like to do sth.?


I’d like sb. to do sth.



I’d like to do sth.



还有一些动词后面用不定式作宾语时,其后通常必须有一名词或代词。这类动词有


allow



advise



help



teach



tell



request


等,这类动词不但可用于主动语态,也可用于被动语态:



We were not allowed to see the picture.


hope


一定不能说


hope sb. to do sth.


,正确用法是


hope to do (


希望自己


)



hope that(


希望别人


)



L


e


s


s< /p>


o


n


12 Goodbye and good luck



New words and expressions


】生词和短语(


6

< p>



luck n.


运气,幸运



captain n.


船长



sail v.


航行



harbour n.


港口



proud adj.


自豪



important adj.


重要的




luck n.


运气


,


幸运



good luck =break your leg


祝你好运



bless you


保重(比如在别人打喷嚏时说的话)



lucky adj.


幸运的



lucky dog


幸运儿



lucky day


幸运日



It



s my lucky day.


今天我真幸运



luckily adv.


幸运地



unlucky adj.


不幸的




sail v.


航行




vi.


(船)航行,扬帆行驶



The ship is sailing for New York.



vi.


(人)乘船航行



I want to sail around the world.



n.


帆,篷



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This boat has white salis.



harbour n.


港口



port n.


港口



air port


航空港




proud adj.


自豪,自满



be proud of


以……为自豪,为(某人)感到自豪



Parents are proud of their children.


pride n.


自豪



take pride in


以……为自豪




important adj.


重要的



importance n.


重大



【课文讲解】



1



We'll meet him at the harbour early in the morning.


在表示时间的短语


in the morning



in the afternoon


等前面可以再加上


early



late


等副词,以便确切地表示时间



early in the morning


一大早



late in the afternoon


傍晚



2



It has sailed across the Atlantic many times.


across


是对某个细长物“横切、横断、横渡”等,尤指河流、马路、海洋等;过桥用

< p>
over


the Atlantic =the Atlantic Ocean


大西洋



once



twice



three times




表示次数的时候


, for


一定不能加



I do something twice.


3



Captain Alison will set out at eight o'clock, so we'll have plenty of time.


set out/set off/begin something


出发,动身



plenty =enough


相对多,充足的,足够的



plenty of


足够多的……



I have plenty of money.


a lot of


指客观上的多



4



We'll see his boat and then we'll say goodbye to him.


see = visit


参观



Can I see it?


say goodbye (to sb.)



say hello to (to sb.)



say sorry to (to sb.)


I said hello to him this morning.


You must say sorry to somebody.


5



He will be away for two months.



间动词不是不能用完成时态


,


而是指不能与段时间连用


,


一旦要用段时间就要将其变为



“系表结构”






be +


形容词或介词短


语构成”



He has been away for two hours.


=He left two hours ago.


点时间



有的动词可用


be+


形容词系表结构表状态来代替



arrive= be here/there



leave= be away



die = be dead




join(


也是瞬间动词


) = be a soldier/in the army


6



He will take part in an important race across the Atlantic.


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take part (in)


参加,参与(某项活动)



enter for


报名参加



I have entered for the meeting,but now I don't want to take part in the meeting.


an important race across the Atlantic


横渡大西洋的比赛(介词短语做定语放在被修饰词的后面)



the person at the door


be in the race = take part in the race


参加比赛



at the race


在比赛场地观看比赛




Key structures




一般将来时



1、一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态



2、将来时的结构





基本结构


: shall/will +


动词原形



shall


常用在第一人称


I



w e


的后面,而


will


可用于所有人称 ,缩略为’


ll


,否定式中,


will not


可缩略为’


ll not



won



t



shall not


缩略


shan



t


(在美语中很少用


shall





be going to do sth./ be gonna do sth.


(美语)



打算做某事


;


be going to



will


一般可以互换,但与 打算无关含义的句子


, will



be going to do


不能互换



I



ll miss you.


(不能用


be going to




He'll lose.


他要输了。(








be going to




I'll be sixteen years old next year.


(不能用


be going to





be + to do sth.


表示计划安排在某事或用来征求意见



I am to have a holiday.



be about to do sth.


即将做某事


.



will be doing


表示将要做某事




be doing


(瞬间动词)



用现在进行时表示将来时态



用现在 进行时表示将来的动词有:


go



co me



arrive



leave



die



land



join



be


一般现在时表示将要发生



If it rains, …




Special Difficulties




be+


副词构成的表语



动词


be


如与不同的副词连用意义不同,意 思主要由副词的意义决定:



be in


在家;


be out


出去;


be away


离开;


be on


上映;


be back


回来;


be over


结束;


be up to sth.


胜任某件事情


,


能够


做某件事



set+


副词构成的短语动词



set out


出发,动身




When’ll you set out for London?



set off


出发,启程




I’ll set off for home the day after tomorrow.



set up


创立,建立;(


a record


)创造……记录



Mr. Jackson has set up a school in the village.


Has Tom set up a new world record? < /p>



L


e


s


s


o


n


13 The Greenwood Boys



New words and expressions


】生词和短语(


5




group n.


小组,团体



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pop singer


流行歌手



club n.


俱乐部



performance n.


演出



occasion n.


场合




group n.


小组


,


团体



a group of


表示一群或一个团体



You can see a group of islands in the middle of the lake.


group n.


组合,指合唱团(如


Back Street


后街男孩)



band n.


乐队(如零点乐队


,


只有一个主唱)




pop singer


流行歌手



pop adj.


受欢迎的,通俗的,流行的,大众的(


popula r


的缩写)



pop song(music)


流行音乐



pop star :


歌星




club n.


俱乐部



night club


夜总会




performance n.


演出




n.


执行,完成,履行



He is praised for the excellent performance of his duties.



n.


表现,工作情况



His performance in the mathematics exam is not very good.



n.


演出,表演



The pop singers will give five performances.


-mance


名词后缀



perform v.


演出




occasion n.


场合



中文


:


在某种场合


,


某种条件下


,


某种环境中



英文


: occasion = time


某个时候



this occasion



on the(this) occasion


在这种时候



occasionally



sometimes


有时候


,


偶尔



【课文讲解】



1



At present, they are visiting all parts of the country.


at present =now


目前,现在



The doctor is very busy at present.


nowadays adv.


目前



up to now =so far


到现在为止



visit v.


拜访、参观;


(


歌手


)


巡演



visit+


地点



表示去某地



They stay in all parts of the world.


visit some place


带有职业相关目的



visit china


某某人到中国访问



The headmasters of the New Oriental school visited Lanzhou.


这里指演讲



all parts of the country


全国各地(


all


在这里的意思是“各种的,各个”)



all parts of the world


全世界各地;介词用


in


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in all parts of the world


在全世界各地



2



They will be coming by train and most of the young people in the town will be meeting them at the station.


will be doing


将来进行时态,用来表示最近的 将来正在进行的动作或说话人设想已经安排好的事情,



将来进行时态的意思往往等于一般将来时态


.


We will be acting.


我们将要行动了



most of the young people in the town


镇上的大部分年轻 人


(


介词短语作定语


)


most of + the




大多数的……


(


一定要加‘

< p>
the



)


most of the books; most of the time


most of the young people = most young people


most students = most of the students.



meet



vt.&vi.


(偶然)遇见,遇到



We met at a restaurant.



vt.


(约定地点或时间)和……会面,迎接



meet sb. +


地点



去某地接某人



Who will be meet you when you arrive in London?


see sb. off


送行


,


目送




vt.


(经介绍)和……相识


/


见面



I’d like to mee


t your brother.


3



Tomorrow evening they will be singing at the Workers' Club.


last night


昨天夜间;


tonight


今天夜间;


tomorrow night


明天夜间;


next night


第二天晚上



at the Workers' Club


在工人俱乐部



tomorrow evening


明天晚上;


yesterday evening


昨天晚上;


this evening


今天晚上



4



The Greenwood Boys will be staying for five days. During this time, they will give five performances.



will be staying here for five days


逗留五天




give five performances


演出五场



5



As usual, the police will have a difficult time.


as usual


象往常一样,照例



On that day, he was late for work as usual.


difficult


这里解释为“难对付的” 、“









”,





麻烦比较多。



have a good time


玩得开心



have a hard time


生活得艰辛



have a difficult time


日子不象平时那样惬意



6



They will be trying to keep order. It is always the same on these occasions.


try to do sth.


设法做某事


,


尽力做某事



order

< p>
常用的意义是“次序、顺序”,也可当“治安、秩序”讲



keep order


维持次序



public order


治安



当用


occasion


表示在某个


/

< p>
些场合时,它与介词


on


连用


on these occasion(s)


每逢这种场合



the same


表示情况相同



注意同一意思的多种表达方式



Why are you late? = What took you so long?


你为什么迟到


?


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Key structures




将来进行时



将来进行时由


will/shall+be+


现在分词构成,通常用于表示最近或很久的将来正在进行的动作。将来进行时常用来表示说话人设


想已经安排好的事。



I



ll be working for my exams next month.


下个月我将用功看书准备考试。



By this time tomorrow, I’ll be lying on the beach.



将来进行时与一般将来时有时表达的 意思差不多,但一般将来时中的


will


经常具有蓄意为之的含 义(如表示主语的意愿、决心、


许诺等),将来进行时不具有这些含义,只表示单纯的将 来,或者说只陈述将来的事实,但它语气比单用


will


时委婉客气。



When will you finish these letters?


(如上司对下属)



When will you be seeing Mr. White?


(如下属对上司)



Mary won



t pay this bill.


(她拒绝付帐)



Mary won



t be paying this bill.


(将来的事实)



Won



t you join us for dinner?


你来和我们一起吃饭好吗?(邀请)



Won



t you be joining us for dinner?


你会和我们一起吃饭吗?(将来的事实)




Special Difficulties




名词所有格:



一般只对人和某些 生物用


-



s


,名词所有格放在其所修饰的名词之前,但在上下文很清楚时名词可省略。名词所有格的规则




在单数名词及不以


-s


结尾的人名后加


-'s






在以


-s


结尾的单数名词后加


-'s






在规则的复数名词的


-s


后面加所有格符号


'






在以


-s


结尾的人名后面即可以用


's


也可以用所有格符号


'






如果是用


and


连接的两个人名,则在 第二个人名上加


-'s




也可以同时有两个所有格:



My brother



s neighbour



s sister is a nurse.


我兄弟的邻居的姐姐


/

妹妹是一名护士。





有些无生命的物体后面也可以用所有格,如与时间有关的:



in twenty minutes' time


3 minutes' walk(drive)


走路或开车三分钟的路程



a month’s salary



表示值多少钱也可以用所有格:



I want ten pounds' worth of minced meat.



minced meat


碎肉)



How much damage was there?


哪儿有多大的损失


?


There was a hundred pounds'worth of damage.



L


e


s


s< /p>


o


n


14 Do you speak English?



New words and expressions


】生词和短语(


7

< p>



amusing adj.


好笑的,有趣的



experience n.


经历



wave v.


招手



lift n.


搭便车



reply v.


回答



language n.


语言



journey n.


旅行




amusing adj.


好笑的


,


有趣的



The story is amusing.


(好笑的)



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amused adj.


感到好笑的(要笑出声)



I am amused.


amuse v.


使发笑,使愉快



The story amused me.


funny adj.


好笑的(不一定要笑出声可以指贬义),开心的,令人开心的



interesting / funny story



experience n.


经历(可数);经验(不可数)




n.


经历(可数)



He has a lot of experiences.



(经历,可数名词)




n.


经验,体验(不可数)



They want someone with a lot of experience for this job.


(经验,不可数名词)




Does she have any experience in teaching?



vt.


经验,体验



Have you ever experienced anything like this?


The village has experienced great changes since 1980.



experienced adj.


有经验的,经验丰富的



He is an experienced doctor.



wave v.


招手



wave to sb.


向某人招手




lift n.


搭便车



take a bus/taxi/lift


乘公共汽车


/


乘出租汽车


/


搭便车



B wants to take a lift.


某人想搭便车



I want to take a lift.


A give B a lift.


让某人搭便车



The student gave me a lift.


thumb lift


拇指便车


(


向过路车辆竖起拇指表示要 求免费搭车


)



reply v.


回答



reply

< p>


answer


的区别:





作为不及物动词是一样的


:


He answered/replied.




作为及物动词就不一样了


:


answer sth.


answer the letter


回信



reply to sth.


I will reply to the letter.


回信



Respond to



language n.


语言



native language


母语



The native language is Chinese.


mother tongue


母语

(


口语中用


)


My mother tongue is Chinese.



journey n.


旅行



journey n.


所有的旅行,偏重于陆地旅行



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go on a journey


2 hours' journey



3 days' journey(


三天路程


)


trip n.


短距离旅行或出差

(


时间或距离上较短


)


go on a trip = go on business


travel n.


周游(长途旅行)



tour n.


游玩(为了玩)



tourist n.


游客



voyage n.


旅行


(


海上


)


flight n.


空中飞行



【课文讲解】



1



After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town.


after

< p>
引导的从句如果一个是过去时,一个是过去完成时,那一定是从句用过去完成时;

< br>before


引导的从句表示“在……之前”,


主句发 生在从句之前


,


主句用过去完成时。



drive on


继续开往(


on


加在动词的后面表示继续)



My heart will go on


《我心永恒》



drive to


开车去某地



副词


on


紧跟在动词后面时可以表示“向前”、“















意义:



He talked on until everybody had gone.


他滔滔不绝地讲到大家都走了。



I was reading when my friend called. After he had gone, I went on to read.



我朋友来看我时我正在看书。他走了以后我便继续看书。


< /p>


表达方位的表达方式一共有


3


个介词


, in


(在……里面)


,on

< p>
(接壤),


to


(没有相接的

,


是相离的)



A is to the east of B A



B


的东方(


A



B


不相接)



A is on the east of B A



B


的东方(


A



B


接壤)



A is in the east of B A



B


的东方(


A



B


的里面)


2



On the way, a young man waved to me.


on the way


在路上


,


在途中



wave to sb.


冲某人挥手



3



As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language.


as soon as


一……就……,后面一定要加 一个句子


(


时间状语从句


),


强调两个动作几乎是连在一起的,“


一”



后面的先发生




As soon as I had entered the room,I took off my coat at once.


As soon as I had received the letter,I ringed/called him back.


只要是状语从句


,


一旦遇到将来时


,


变为一般现在时



As soon as you arrive,you must call me.


你一到就打我电话



表示用某种语言 作为交际手段时介词用


in


,表示讲某种语言时可以不加介词。



I speak English. I say a word in Chinese.


That book is written in German.


reply


要想加宾语要加


to (+


要回答的 内容


)


,而


in the same language


在句中作状语


,


不是


replay


所应回答的问题< /p>


(


宾语


),


故用



in


4



Apart from a few words, I do not know any French at all.


apart from




除……以外



not



at all


一点都不,表强调



I don't like it.


I don't like it at all.


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5



I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly,


nearly


将要



when


的翻译要看当时的具体情况


,


在这里译为“就在此时”



I had nearly reached home when I found my mother standing there.


Do you speak English?


你说英语吗


?


你是说英语国家的人吗


?


(问的是一个事实,不是问会说英语吗)


Do you swim?


你去游泳吗


?


Can you swim?


你会游泳吗


?


6



As I soon learnt, he was English himself!'


I learn


我得知;


I know

< br>我知道


(


我本来就知道


) < /p>


As+


主语


+


动 词,从句




As my mother said/As I heard/ As I learnt




正如……



As we


know,


the New Concept English is very good.


正如我们所知……



As


I think


,it is the coldest day in the year.


As he said, English is easy to learn.


himself


反身 代词单独放在句尾


,


起强调作用



I read English myself.



Key structures




过去完成时



过去完成时:由


had+


过去分词构 成,它表示过去某时或某动作发生之前已经完成的动作或情况,即“较早的过去”。过去完成时

< br>一定要以一个过去时态作铺垫


,


这个动作一定要发生在


had done


之后。



在用过去完成时态的句子中,常用连词


when



after



as soon as



until



by that time


等。常与现在完成时连用的副词如


already



just


never



never



before


也常与过去完成时

< p>
连用,以强调事件发生的先后次序:




I didn’t know that she was a famous actress until you had told me.



The boys loved the zoo. They had never seen wild animals before.


在那些用过去完成时的句子 中没有明确的时间状语,但通过上下文可以看出动作发生的先后。



Exercises D (


用正确的时态填空


)


1 The moment he had said this, he ______ (regret) it.


the moment = as soon as


一……就……,后面直接加从句



2 It ______ (begin) to rain before she took a taxi.


before


引导的从句用一般过去时


,


主句用过去完成时




Special Difficulties




Ask



Ask For




ask v.


问,询问;请求,要求,邀请




ask a question/ask sb.


< /p>


问(一个问题)


/


问某人



I asked (Mary) a question.


They asked Tony to sing a song.


They asked her to spend the weekend with them.


ask for


要,要求(某样东西)



ask for the answer


I asked for a cup of coffee, but they gave me a cup of tea.


You are always asking for help.


Except, Except for



Apart from


三者都 表示“除……以外”,有时可以互换,



except


不用于句首



except for



apart from


则可以。



Everyone has helped in some way apart from/except for/except you.


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Apart from/Except for you, everyone has helped in some way.


apart from


习惯上喜欢放句首


, apart from=except/besides


如果认为整体之中做这件事情的人除了整 体之外,还有这个人也做了(包括),是加号


=besides


;如果认为整体之中做这件事情


的人除了整体之外,这个人没有做(排除),是减号


=except


;如果放在句首,统一用


a part from


代替


except/besides


All the passengers are millionaire except us.



(减号)



I invited everyone except George. / Except for George I invited everyone.


Except for/apart from this, everything is in order.


except for


含有对整体中的某一个方面不满意,


except for


可以不放在句首


,


强调整体当中某一方面除外


,


剩下的整体都不错



The article is very good except for his handwriing.


Except for his height, he is very excellent.


Which of



Either of



Neigher of



Both of


上面这些短语都可用于指两个人或两件事



either of


两者当中的任何一个



neither of


两者都不



which of


那一个



both of


两者都


we both




当询问在两个 或更多的人或事物中偏爱哪一个或选择哪一个时,可用


which


I like both of these bags. Which of the two do you prefer?



either



neither


都是对两个人或物而 言(后接单数名词)。


either



one or the other

< p>
(不是这个就是那个),


either



neither


后跟


of


时则指两个事物中的每一个



either of sb.


……当中的任何一个



neither of sb.


……当中的任何一个都不(


neither of


(注意英音与美音的读音)两者之间都不


,


一旦出现


,


这句话里面不会再出现< /p>


not




I don't like the book. My sister doesn't like it either.


Neither of us likes it. (


注意要用单数


)


Which bag shall I use?


Either of them. It doesn



t matter which.


哪个都行。用哪个都没关系。



Neither of them. Use a suitcase.



哪个都不行。用个手提箱吧。




both


只指两个人或物。当它用在名词前时,


of


可有可无;当用在代词前面时,其后必须加


of


Both books/Both of the books are interesting.


Both of us/them left early.



none of


三者或三者以上之间都不



Exercise


5 He could not answer(neither of)(either of)the questions I (asked)(asked for).


either of


(前面有


not,


故只能选


either of



, asked



L


e


s


s

< p>
o


n


15 Good news



New words and expressions


】生词和短语(


5




secretary n.


秘书



nervous adj.


精神紧张的



afford v.


负担得起



weak adj.


弱的



interrupt v.


插话,打断




secretary n.


秘书



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两种发音,同样还有


history


也是两种发音



secret n.


秘密(注意发音与

< br>secretary


的不同)




nervous adj.


精神紧张的




adj.


神经质的,神经紧张的



She is a nervous woman. Do you see that nervous smile on her face?




紧张的,担心的,情绪不安的



He had never spoken in public, so he was very nervous.


nervous adj.


精神紧张的(事情发生时)



worried adj.


担心的(为以后的事情)



upset adj.


不安的


(


对以前的事情


)


irritable adj.


易怒的,急躁的



Our teacher is an irritable old lady. She gets angry easily.



afford v.


负担得起




vt.


买得起(常与


can/can



t


连用)



afford sth.


I can afford the coat.



vt.


担负得起(损失、后果等),花得起(时间)(






ca n/can



t


连用)



afford money/time


I can afford the hoilday. (


有时间去


)


I can afford five yuan.


I can only afford one week for the trip.


afford to do sth.


I can



t afford to be ill again.


我不能再病了。



I can afford to buy the book.



vt.


提供,给予



Joe afforded us a room for the night.



interrupt v.


插话


,


打断



interrupt v.


打断某人的话


+sb


disturb v.


打扰某人


+sb


Sorry to


disturb you.


interruption n.


中断,打断



【课文讲解】



1



The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth


would see me.



would


在这里不是表示 单纯的过去将来时,而是表示“想……”、“





……”的意思:



What would you like to have?


John wouldn’t lend me his bicycle.



2



He did not look up from his desk when I entered.


look up


表示原先在埋头干什么,之后抬头看



He looked up (from his book) when he heard a noise.


look down


往地上看(


look up


的反义词)



look down upon/on sb.


瞧不起某人



I look down upon my sister.


3



After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad.


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Business is very good!


生意好


!


4



He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.


collect salary


领薪水



pay salary


支付薪水



large


一般指东西的数量大


< /p>


so


的后面加形容词或副词;


such< /p>


的后面加名词


,


容许在该名词前面加修饰词



5



I knew that my turn had come.


turn n.


轮流,轮班,(依次轮流时各自的)一次机会



My turn has come.


It is my turn.



轮到我了


(


口语常用形式


)


When his turn came, he couldn’t


speak any word.


6



'orth,' I said in a weak voice.


in a



voice


用……的声音



in a loud(


大声


)/low (


低声< /p>


)/weak(


强调心里不踏实


)/st rong(


理直气壮


) voice


7



Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!


以下几个词都可表示



“再


,


又”



的意思


,


注意用法


:



an extra thousand(


作名词看


)


数 量


+extra+


名词



再有多少



On Sundays, I usually get some extra sleep.


Last month, he was paid an extra hundred pounds.



two others = two other +


名词




two more


Give me two extra/other/more books.


再给我两本书。



once more:


再一次




another three days


另外三天(只有


another


的数词在后面)




Key structures




间接引语



把某人所说的话告诉另外 一个人时,应该使用间接引语。间接陈述句的时态往往受引述动词的影响。引述陈述句时最常用的动词

< p>


say



tell



tell


后面必须跟表示人称的间接宾语 (


tell sb.


),而


say< /p>


后面则可跟或不跟


to+


讲话对象。



1


、主从一致


:


主句和从句的时态一致





主句的动词为一般现在时


,


从句为任意时态





主句的动词为一般过去时


,


从句为相对应的过去时态(时态倒移)



一般现在时——


>


一般过去时



现在进行时——


>


过去进行时



现在完成时——


>


过去完成时



将来完成时——


>


过去将来完成时



一般过去时——


>


过去完成时



2

、人称变化:主要是第一和第二人称变化



3


、只要属于宾语从句


,

< p>
引导词


that


可以省略




Special Difficulties




Nervous and Irritable


nervous adj.


紧张不安的



Examinations make me nervous.


irritable adj.


易怒的



He is such an irritable person, you can hardly speak to him.


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他这个人如此容易发怒,你简直没有办法与他讲话。



Office, Study, Desk


office n.


办公室



study n.


书房



I often read in the study when I want peace and quiet.


desk n.


课桌



Exercises


1 We shall use the spare room in our new house as a ______ .


study


5 Since his illness he has been very ______ . He is always losing his temper.


irritable


Since his illness=>


自从他生了病




since +


名词)




L


e


s


s


o


n


16 A polite request



New words and expressions


】生词和短语(


9




park v.


停放(汽车)



traffic n.


交通



ticket n.


交通违规罚款单



note n.


便条



area n.


地段



sign n.


指示牌



reminder n.


提示



fail v.


无视,忘记



obey v.


服从




park v.


停放


(


汽车


)


No parking area


停车场



stop the car


车在运动中停下来




traffic n.


交通



traffic police


交通警



traffic lights


交通灯


,


另义为拐弯口


,


红绿灯


,


十字路口



traffic jam


交通堵塞



I spend a lot of time in traffic jam


heavy traffic


繁重的交通



I was ordered to drive in heavy traffic.



in heavy traffic


交通拥挤)



first crossing/turning


叉路口


,


拐角




note n.


便条



note n.


纸条


,


纸钞



make notes


做笔记



message n.


消息




area n.


地段



area n.


场地


,


地段


(


一块对方


),


大地点


,


小地点都可以



place n.


地点



region n.


地区


(


交战


,


开火


)


In this region, there were a lot of wars.



战火连绵



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reminder n.


提示(可以指人,也可以指物


,


remind v.


提示


,


提醒



remind sb. of sth.


An older photo can remind me of my childhood.


You remind me of your mother.


remind sb. to do sth.



fail v.


无视


,


忘记,失败




vi.


失败



fail+


宾语



做某事失败



fail (in) doing sth.


在某些方面失败


< p>


in


可省略)



He failed.


He failed (in) examination.



vi.


不及格



I hope I haven’t failed in the French test.




vt.


使……不及格



The teacher said he would fail me if I don’t work harder.




vt.


未能……,不能……,忘记……(后接不定式)



fail to do sth.


没有能够做某事,忘记做……



He failed to swim across the river.


He failed to finish his work in time.



Don’t fail to past the letter for me.



not fail to do sth.


一定能够某事



I can not fail to pass it.


You can not fail to drive it.


你一定能够驾驶



If you arrived in Beijing, you cannot fail to find the New Oriental School.


【课文讲解】



1



If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it.


英语中指每个人


/


任何人的不定代词通常是


one


,但 在日常会话中,非正式的


you


更为常用。


One can never know what will happen tomorrow.



一个人永远不会知道明天将会发生什么事。




If you make a journey around the world, you’ll see ma


ny beauty spots.



如果你进行一次环球旅行的话,你就会看到许多风景胜地。



in the wrong place


不合适的地方



wrong adj.


不合适的


, right adj.


合适的



He is the right person who you are looking for.


They met(A met B)in the wrong place at the wrong time.


You met the wrong person in the wrong place at the wrong time.


2



You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket.


let (sb.) go


放开,释放,使自由,让(某人)去



The man won



t let go (of) my arm.


那人抓住我的胳膊不放。




He is very angry now. He won’t let you go easily.



without a ticket=without giving you a ticket


If


引导的叫条件句


, without


后面的名词也叫条件



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without+n.


如果没有……



Without water,fish cannot live.


3



However, this does not always happen.


however=but


然而,


however


常常放在句首或句子中都可以,


but


习惯放在两个句子之间;


but


转折性



语义比较强,


however


转折语义比较弱



4



During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car: 'sir, we welcome you to our city. This is a


area. You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs. This note is only a reminder.'


on my car


指车的外面



welcome sb. to+


地点



欢迎某人来某地



enjoy v.


享受



I have enjoyed my stay here.


我已经在这儿很快乐了



Enjoy your stay here.


祝你玩得开心



only a reminder==not a ticket



No Parking


”在句中作< /p>


area


的定语,由若干个词合成的词组型定语有:



a never-to-be-forgotten day


一个永远也不能忘掉的日子



a well-to-do family


一个富裕的家庭




Key structures




条件句(


Conditional sentences




if


引导的条件从句指能够发生、可能发生或可能发生过的事件。如果认为将来的事件很可能会发 生,那么


if


从句中要用一般现在


时(有时也用其他形式的现在时),主句中用


will


(或


shall


)加动词形式或其他形式的将来时。



If he is sleeping,don't wake him up. < /p>


条件句的主句中的


will


表示肯定如此 或几乎可以肯定会如此。如果觉得其“肯定”程度达不到使用


will


的程度,或者如果想表达


建议等其他意思,就可以用别的情态助动词来代替


will


;条件句中的主句还可以用祈使语气等表示请求、建议等 。



You can post these letters if you want to.



If it’s fine tomorrow, we can/may go out.




Please let me know if you cant’t come.



Exercises C


5 If he ______ (enjoy) concerts, why doesn't he come with us?


, why doesn't


跟第三人称连用


,


是一种建议


; why not


连在一起表示建议




Special Difficulties




Police and Traffic Police


traffic police


交通警



police n.


警察




n.


警察部门,警方(与


the


连用 )



Ring the police if there is a burglary.


如果发生入户盗窃就给警方打电话。





警察(复数)



The police are questioning a foreign tourist.


警察们正在盘问一名外国游客。





如果要单指一名警察,可以用


policeman



policewom an


There is a traffic policeman over there. You can ask him the way to the station.


Pay attention to,Care,Take care of,Look after


pay attention to


(思想上)注意



pay attention (to sth.)


注意……



notice


(眼睛上的)注意



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care


关心


,


在意



I don't care.


我不在乎。



Who cares




我不在乎< /p>


(


谁在乎


!)


I don



t care if he breaks his neck!


他就是折断颈骨,我也不在乎!



take care of==look after


照顾


,


照料



Please take care of/look after the children for me when I am out.


Remind and Remember


remind v.


提醒



remind sb. of sth., remind sb. to do sth.


I reminded him to post my letter.


remember v.


记起


,


记得



Do you remember?


你想起来了吗


? remember sth.


Remember?


记得吗


?(


可以单独用


)


remember to do sth.


记得要去做……



Remember to send the letter.


remember doing sth.


记得已经做了



I remembered sending the letter.


remember sb. to sb.


前者向后者表示问候



Remember me to your mother.


代我向你母亲问好



Exercise (


选择正确的词


)


1 You can only learn if you(look after)(pay attention).


只有当你注意的时候


,


你才会学到东西


.


pay attention



L


e


s


s


o


n

< p>
17 Always young



New words and expressions


】生词和短语(


5




appear v.


登场,扮演



stage n.


舞台



bright adj.


鲜艳的



stocking n.


(女用)长筒袜


(


棉的


,


绒的


,


并不是现在的丝袜


)


sock n.


短袜




appear v.


登场


,


扮演




vi.


出现,显露(反义词是< /p>


disappear




The plane appeared.


The plane disappeared.



vi.


当众露面;登场(演出等)



The actor appeared.


I can’t appear in this dress at the party.



appear as


扮演……角色



He appeared as a prince. (prince n.


王子


)


appear on the stage as



(


扮演的确切表达


)


My aunt appeared on the stage as a young girl.



vi.


似乎,看起来好象(与< /p>


seem


同义),显得


(


系动词,后面直接加形容词


)


He appears nervous.


他显得很紧张


(< /p>


看起来


)


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