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英语作文写作及翻译老师笔记（四六级考试）
第
6
天
1.
均衡
完善的教育不仅有利于年轻人的职业前景，而且能提升他们的生活满意度。
A well-balanced education
（<
/p>
1.
均衡完善的教育）
not only
contributes to
（
2
.
有利于）
the
career
prospects
（
3.
职业前景
）
of young adults, but also improve
their
life
satisfaction
（
4.
生活满意度）
.
1- well-balanced
education
well
此处所
取的含义是“
adv-
很好地、充分地”。
词典释义：
well-balanced
[
?
wel'b
?
l
.
?
n
t
st
]
adjective
■containing
a
mixture
of
ideas,
people,
etc.
with
each
one
being
represented
equally or fairly
平衡的；均衡的
?
a
well-balanced
article
结构非常合理的文章
?
a
well-
balanced
team
实力均衡的队伍
■describes a group of
foods
which together
provide
a good range
of the
things
you need to stay
healthy
营养搭配均衡的
?
a
well-
balanced
meal/diet
营养均衡的一餐／饮食
■describes
someone
who
is
calm
and
reasonable
and
who
shows
good
judgment
（人）
稳重的；明智的
?
Do
these
nurseries
produce
the
happy,
well-
balanced
children
that
teachers
and parents say they do?
这些幼儿
园是否像那些老师和家长们说的那样能培养出快乐而
发展全面的孩子？
< br>
外刊例句：
In other
words, every well balanced education should
include literacy,
numeracy and creatively making things.
(The Telegraph)
替换表达：
a/an balanced/well-
rounded/all-round education
学生错误表达：
（
1
）
a
balanced and well-rounded education
点评：
balanced
本身已经有包含
well-
rounded
的含义，这里不用重复用词
< br>（
2
）
equilibrium
education
点评：
equi
librium
是指不同的人、团体或势力之间相互竞争的平衡，均衡，不能用来修饰<
/p>
education
，建议翻译的时候不要根据中文意思直译，多
查查词典寻找合适的表达。
（
3
）
balanced and complete/
overall education
点评：
complete/ overall educati
on
表达过于生硬，可以查查词典中
education
的词
条，寻找合适的修饰词。
2- contribute to
注意
contribute to
后若
跟动词，应是
-ing
形式。
cont
ribute
to
中性，好坏结果都可以放
在其后。
词典释义：
动词
促成
;
促使
；是导致…的原因之一
If
something
contributes
to
an
event
or
situation,
it
is
one
of
the
causes
of
it.
【语法信息】：
V to n
【语法信息】：
V-ing
?
The
report
says
design
faults
in
both
the
vessels
contribute
d
to
the
tragedy...
报告说
两艘船存在的设计缺陷也促成了这场悲剧的发生。
?
Stress, both
human and mechanical, may also be a
contributing factor.
来自人
的和机械方
面的压力可能也是一个因素。
可供替换的表达：
benefit/be
beneficial to
外刊例句：
It hopes
that greater awareness of the merits of potatoes
will
contribute
to
the
achievement
of its Millennium
Development Goals, by helping to alleviate
poverty, improve
food security and promote economic
development.
（
The
Economist
）
学生错误表达：
（
1
）
be in favor of
点评：
be in favor
of
含义是“赞同，支持”，与语境不符。
（
2
）
be conducive to
点评：
be conducive to something
是指环境有利于某事，
比如
an
atmosphere that
is conducive to
learning
，但是不能说
A
well-balanced education is conducive
to career prospects
，这里可以改为
benefit
。
3- career prospects
< br>prospects
复数形式指“前景”，如发展前景、经济前景；
prospect
单数形式指“设想、
将要发生的事
情”。
词典释义：
prospects
[plural]
■
the possibility
of
being successful, especially at
work
成功的机会；
前景，前途
?
She's hoping the course
will improve her
career
pros
pects
.
她希望这门课能改善
自己
的事业前景。
?
Prospects
of/for
(= Opportunities for)
employment remain bleak for
most
people in the
area.
该地区大多数人的就业前景还是很黯淡的。
外刊例句：
Working for
her does not carry good
career
prospects
: many of those who have
helped out at her home
in Yangon are now behind bars. The
latest to be
detained are accused of
helping to smuggle out
videotapes of Miss Suu
Kyi.
（
The
Economist
）
替换表达：
job
prospects/career outlook
学生错误表达：
（
1
）
career
foreground
点评：
for
eground
是指重要位置或照片的前景，不能与
caree
r
搭配。
（
2
）
vocational
prospective
点评：
pr
ospective
是指“很可能发生的”，不能与
prosp
ect
混淆。
4-
life satisfaction
satisfacti
on
还常与
job
、
< br>customer
搭配使用。
词典释义：
satisfaction
UK
<
/p>
[
?
s
?
t.
?
s'f
?
k.
??
n]
US
[
?<
/p>
s
?
t
?
-]
noun
countable
or
uncountable
a pleasant feeling which
you get when you receive something you wanted,
or
when you have done
something you wanted to do
满足，满意
?
She
looked
at
the
finished
painting
with
satisfaction.
她满意地看着完成的画作。
?
She
derived/obtained
great
satisfaction
from/out
of
helping
other
people.
她帮助别人，从中获得无比的满足。
?
For me,
job
satisfaction
is more important
than the
money.
对我来说，从工
作中得到的满足比钱更重要。
?
She
had
the
satisfaction
of
knowing
that
she'd done everything she
could.
知道自己已经尽力了，她就没甚么遗憾了。
外刊例句：
We find that GDP per head alone
explains some two thirds of
the inter-country
variation
in
life
satisfaction
, and the
estimated relationship is
linear.
（
The
Economist
）
学生错误表达：
（
1
）
life happiness
点评：没有
life
happiness
这个表达，应该改为
life
satisfaction
（
2
）
level of satisfaction of
life
点评：这里应该改为
level of
satisfaction in life
Q
：老师您好，“幸福感”要怎么用英文表达呢？
A
：可以说
sense of happiness
Q
：词都
知道，都认识，但是不知道如何能够成为完整的表达，例如
a well-
balanced
education
，这个全部都认识，但
是就是想不起来组合在一起成为“均衡完善的教育”的
意思，
我
使用的是
balanced and perfect education
，
词组织起来非常生硬，
请问老师
如何能够使用恰当的词组表达意思，词组的意思有没有什么好的字典去查？
<
/p>
A
：下次碰到这种情况时可以先查词典，看看词典里面有没有对应
的词组。比如针对这个
例子我们可以去查词典里面的
educa
tion
词条，看看有没有合适的搭配。还有一个是要
靠平时的
记忆，这个目前还没有捷径。
<
/p>
Q
：
education
是不可数名词，可以用
a
修饰吗？
A
：可以。查朗文词典可以看到，里面有不少对应的搭配。
Q
：请问
career prospe
cts
前为何要加定冠词
the
？
A
：因为后面有
of
young
adults
作为限定，此时
career prospect
s
是特指，需要加
the
，如果没有<
/p>
of young adults
这个限定，就不能加
the
2.
这所大学的设备可以媲美世界
一流大学，但是它的师资和教学理念还有很多不足之处。
The facilities of this university can
rival
（
1.
媲美）
those of the
world’s
first-
class
（
2.
< br>一
流的）
universities, but its
faculty
（
3.
师资）
and
educational philosophy
（
4.
教学理念）
lea
ve much to be desired
（
5.……
还有很多不足之处）
.
1-
rival
rival
作为名词，也
是“势均力敌的敌手”之意，和动词一致。
词典释义：
['ra
?
.v
?
< br>l]
verb
transitive
(
-ll-
or
US USUALLY
-l-
)
■to be as good, clever,
beautiful, etc. as someone or
something else
可
与…相媲美，比得上
?
No computer can
rival
a human
brain
for/in
co
mplexity.
没有任何电脑比得
上人脑复杂。
?
The beauty of the
country is only
rivalled
by (= is equal to) the
violence
of its politics.
该国的
美丽风光非同寻常，而其国内政治的残暴同样惊世骇俗。
外刊例句：
But Sir Christopher Wren's dome will
soon be
rivalled
by a
skyscraper designed
by
Norman Foster, nicknamed the
“
erotic
gherkin
”
for its
curvaceous
form.
（
The
Economist
）
替换表达：
match / compete /
parallel / compare with
学生错误表达：
（
1
）
be the equivalent
of
答疑：
be the
equivalent of
含义是“等值，等同”，例如
a
qualification which is
equivalent to a
degree
相当于学位的资历，这里不能用来指“媲美”。
（
2
）
outclass
点评：
outclass
含义为“远远高出，远远超
过
(
对手
)
”
，在此用
outclass
表示“媲美”不
妥。
2- first-class
<
/p>
class
此处取的含义是“
n-
等级、分类”。
词典释义：
adjective
EXCELLENT
出色的
出色的；优秀的；第一流的
?
She's made a first-class
job of decorating the living
room.
她把客厅装修得棒
极了。
外刊例句：
Until 1962,
England
’
s
first-
class
cricketers were
formally divided into two
categories,
gentlemen and
players
—
the nobs
who could afford to play cricket
as
amateurs, versus
working-
class professionals who needed to be paid.
（
The
Economist
）
替换表达：
world-
class
、
prime
学生错误表达：
（
1
）
prestigious
点评：
prestigious
是指“有威望
的，有声望的”，没有表达出“一流”的意思。
（
2
）
superior
点评：
superior
是指“更好的，更优的”，
同样没有表达出“一流”的含义。
3-
faculty
faculty
指一
个学校的全体教师，所以可以指“师资”。
词典释义：
3.N-VAR
可变名词
(
大学、学院或院系的
)
全体教员
A
faculty
is all the
teaching
staff of a university or college, or
of one department.
【搭配模式】：
oft N n
【语域标签】：
AM
美
?
The
faculty
agreed on
a change in the requirements...
全体教师一致同意
修改规
定。
?
How can
faculty
improve
their teaching so as to encourage
cre
ativity?
教师
们如何才能改进教学以激发创造性呢？<
/p>
?
...eminent
Stanford
faculty
members.
声名显赫的斯坦福大学的教师们
外刊例句：
Excellent
universities need excellent
faculty
, so competition for
them has
increased. Among the big
markets, Australia,
America and Canada universities
are (on
average) the best
payers,
but some of the new Gulf employers offer
twice as much.
（
The
Economist
）
学生错误表达：
（
< br>1
）
quality of
teachers
点评：
quality of
teachers
是指教师的质量，而不是指师资。
4- educational philosophy
philosophy
作为
“理念、
思想”
的含义，
常和
economic
、
educational
< br>、
management
、
po
litical
、
religious
搭配。
词典释义：
the
philosophy of sth
■
a
group
of
theories
and
ideas
related
to
the
understanding
of
a
particular
subject
（某学科的）多种理论思想
?
the
philosophy
of edu
cation/religion/science
教育／宗教／科学知识
外刊例句：
The
headmistress explained that finding something to
celebrate in every
student represented her school's
educational philosophy
. (The
Guardian)
学生错误表达：
（
1
）
teaching theory
点评：
teaching
theory
是指“教学理论”，与“教学理念”存在区别。
5- leave a lot/something/much to be
desired
是一个固定表达，含义是“还有很多不
足”<
/p>
leave a lot to be desired
to be much worse than you would like
还有很大改进余地，还有很大差距
?
Apparently, Meg's cooking
leaves a lot to be desired.
显然，
梅格的厨艺还有很大的
改进余地。
外刊例句：
The
imposition of western religious doctrines that
deem the
process
“
unclean
”
thus excluding those who menstruate
from participating in
society still
resonates
today and
leaves
a lot to be desired
. (The
Guardian)
可供替换的表达：
be far from
perfect
学生错误表达：
（
1
）
still have many rough edges
点评：
rough edges
是指一
些无伤大雅的瑕疵，小毛病，用在语境中不合适。
（
2
）
there is still much room
点评：后面应该补充完整
there is still
much room for improvement
Q
：
eave much to be
desired
像这种短语可以从哪里查出来？大学设备
fa
cilities
和
equipment
是不是可以通用？
facilities
从语义上和
equipment
并没有什么区别，
那么如<
/p>
何区分这二者的用法呢？
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