2020年度国家自然科学基金委员会与美国国家科学基金会“传染病的生态学与演进”资助领域说明(英文)

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资助领域说明（英文）

The goal of the Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases (EEID) program is to

support

important

and

innovative

research

on

the

ecological,

evolutionary,

and

socio-ecological

principles

that

influence

the

transmission

dynamics

of

infectious

diseases. The program's focus is on the discovery of general principles and processes

and

on

building

and

testing

models

that

elucidate

these

principles.

Projects

must

address

the

quantitative

or

computational

understanding

of

pathogen

transmission

dynamics.

Research

in

EEID

is

expected

to

be

an

interdisciplinary

effort that goes beyond the scope of typical studies funded by the standing programs

of

the

partner

agencies.

Projects

should

bring

together

such

areas

as

anthropology,

bioinformatics, computational science, ecology, economics, epidemiology, evolution,

food

science,

genomics,

geography,

global

health,

mathematics,

medicine,

microbiology,

oceanography,

plant

science,

population

biology,

sociology,

physical

environmental

sciences,

systems

science,

and

veterinary

medicine.

Research

within

EEID is expected to generate rigorously characterized and tested models that are of

value

to

the

scientific

community,

but

also

may

be

useful

in

decision

making.

The

history of the EEID program has shown that the most competitive proposals are

those that advance broad, conceptual knowledge that reaches beyond the specific

system

under

study

and

that

may

be

useful

for

understanding

public,

agricultural or ecosystem health, natural resource use and wildlife management,

and/or economic development. Such proposals are typically interdisciplinary in

their approach and/or the nature of the question(s) being addressed.

Infectious disease transmission reflects complex, dynamic relationships that occur on

varying

spatial

and

temporal

landscapes,

are

created

by

both

ecological

and

evolutionary

processes,

and

are

revealed

in

genome

architecture,

physiological

systems,

population

dynamics,

and

community

structure,

as

well

as

behavioral

and

social

dynamics.

The

interactions

between

disease-causing

organisms,

their

vectors,

and their host(s) are embedded within much larger networks of interacting systems,

including

other

microorganisms

that

may

or

may

not

cause

disease,

one

or

more

vector

species,

and

multiple

host

species.

Analysis

of

environmental

influences

(biological,

geophysical,

economic,

and

social)

on

individual

and

population

susceptibility

is

fundamental

to

understanding

these

complex

systems

of

infectious

diseases. Research into the ecology (population, community, evolutionary, and social)

of

infectious

diseases

will

contribute

to

a

deeper

understanding

of

these

complex

infectious

disease

systems,

to

the

development

of

well

characterized

and

tested

models, and to the elucidation of general ecological and evolutionary principles.