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Edward T. Hall
Edward
Twitchell
Hall,
Jr.
(May
16,
1914
–
July
20,
2009)
was
an
American
anthropologist
and
cross-cultural
researcher.
He
is
remembered
for
developing
the
concept
of
Proxemics,
a
description
of
how
people
behave
and
react
in
different
types
of
culturally
defined
personal
space
.
Hall
was
an
influential
colleague
of
Marshall McLuhan and
Buckminster Fuller.
Biography
Born
in
Webster
Groves,
Missouri,
Hall
taught
at
the
University
of
Denver,
Colorado, Bennington
College in Vermont, Harvard Business School,
Illinois Institute
of Technology,
Northwestern University in Illinois and others.
The foundation for his
lifelong
research on cultural perceptions of space was laid
during World War II, when
he served in
the U.S. Army in Europe and the Philippines.
From 1933 through 1937, Hall lived and
worked with the Navajo and the Hopi
on
native
American
reservations
in
northwestern
Arizona,
the
subject
of
his
autobiographical
West
of
the
Thirties.
He
received
his
Ph.D.
from
Columbia
University in 1942
and
continued with
field
work and direct
experience
throughout
Europe, the Middle East, and Asia.
During the 1950s he worked for the United States
State
Department,
at
the
Foreign
Service
Institute
(FSI),
teaching
inter-cultural
communications skills to foreign
service personnel, developed the concept of
High
context
culture
and
low
context
culture
and
wrote
several
popular
practical
books on dealing with cross-cultural
issues.
He is considered a founding
father of
intercultural communication
as an academic area of study
.
Throughout
his
career,
Hall
introduced
a
number
of
new
concepts,
including
proxemics, polychronic and monochronic
time, and high and low context culture. In
his second book, The Hidden Dimension,
he describes the culturally specific temporal
and
spatial
dimensions
that
surround
each
of
us,
such
as
the
physical
distances
people
maintain in different contexts.
In The
Silent Language (1959), Hall coined the term
polychronic to describe the
ability
to
attend
to
multiple
events
simultaneously,
as
opposed
to
individuals and cultures who
tend to handle events sequentially.
In
1976, he released his third book, Beyond Culture,
which is notable for having
developed
the idea of extension transference; that is, that
humanity's rate of evolution
has
and
does
increase
as
a
consequence
of
its
creations,
that
we
evolve
as
much
through
our
extensions
such as
the wheel, cultural
values, and warfare being technology based, they
are capable of
much faster adaptation
than genetics.
He died at his home in
Santa Fe, New Mexico on July 20, 2009.
Books
The Silent Language
(1959)
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