-
全国
2010
年
4
月高等教育自学考试
综合英语（二）试题
课程代码：
00795
I.
GRAMMARAND
VOCABULARY
Complete
each
of
the
following
15
sentences
with
the
most
likely
answer.
Write
the
letter
corresponding
to
your
choice
on
the
answer
sheet.
(1
point
each,
15
points
in
all)
1.
I
was
shocked
by
the
number
of
people
who
seemed
to
have
nothing
better
to
do
with
their
time
than
______
to
know
fish
better.
A.
get
B.
gets
C.
getting
D.
got
2.
Not
all
birds
can
fly
,
______
do
all
birds
build
nests.
A.
not
B.
no
C.
never
D.
nor
3.
When
you
fall
in
l
ove
for
the
first
time,
it?s
surprising
______
inconveniences
you
can
put
up
with.
A.
that
B.
what
C.
which
D.
those
4.
I
know
my
limitations,
so
I
won?t
do
anything
______
my
ability.
A.
beyond
B.
under
C.
above
D.
below
5.
The
hosts
apologized
for
______
that
some
of
their
guests
might
be
vegetarians.
A.
having
not
considered
B.
not
having
considered
C.
having
not
been
considering
D.
not
considering
6.
Mrs.
Smith
locked
both
the
front
and
the
back
doors
before
she
went
to
bed
______
t
hat
someone
might
steal
into
the
house
at
night.
A.
so
B.
for
fear
C.
unless
D.
on
condition
7.
We
have
to
wait
for
the
bus,
______?
A.
have
we
B.
haven?t
we
C.
do
we
D.
don?t
we
8.
______
the
popularity
of
robots
in
Japan,
the
country?s
robot
-production
growth
is
slow
ing
down.
A.
As
B.
Although
C.
With
D.
Despite
9.
The
proposal
deserves
support
as
it
gives
______
to
the
needs
of
children.
A.
curiosity
B.
awareness
C.
priority
D.
emphasis
10.
Those
familiar
with
evening
dress
will
always
______
black
with
eleganc
e.
A.
link
B.
associate
C.
connect
D.
relate
11.
If
you?re
sitting
around
a
lonely
campfire
at
night,
the
howl
of
a
wolf
can
sound
pret
ty
______.
A.
fearful
B.
threatening
C.
dreadful
D.
frightening
12.
The
suspect
cooperated
fully
with
the
police
when
______
about
his
role
in
the
incide
nt.
A.
required
B.
questioned
C.
demanded
D.
negotiated
13.
Homing
pigeon
is
useful
as
a
______
carrier
because
when
taken
from
home,
it
will
return
at
the
first
opportunity.
A.
meaning
B.
information
C.
message
D.
content
14.
One
of
the
responsibilities
of
the
Coast
Guard
is
to
make
sure
that
all
ships
______
f
ollow
traffic
rules
in
busy
harbors.
A.
conveniently
B.
obediently
C.
sufficiently
D.
reluctantly
15.
She
was
so
______
the
noise
that
she
sent
the
children
to
bed.
A.
broken
down
by
B.
filled
in
with
C.
taken
over
by
D.
fed
up
with
II. CLOZE
Fill
in
each
of
the
15
blanks
in
the
passage
with
the
most
likely
answer.
Write
the
letter
corresponding to your
choice on the answer sheet. (1 point each, 15
points in all)
A
quarter
of
the
world?s
population
now
speaks
English.
If
you
want
to
16
your
products,
or
yourself,
you
have
no choice
17
to
do
it
in
English.
Politicians
and
business
people
must
speak
English if they want to make their mark
18
the world?s stage.
Wr
iters of minority languages can
19 hope to sell their books unless they
write in English.
As English is spoken
all over the world, it means that no individual
country can really exercise a
20
influence
over
it.
In
the
past,
it was
the mother
tongue
21 who controlled
the
future
of
the
language. Now, indeed
for the last few decades, the mother tongue users
are in a significant 22 .
This means
that the character of the language could well 23
with new words, new rhythms, and
new
pronunciations.
It
isn?t
going
t
o
be
British
and
American
English
anymore-
that?s
24
.
All
over the world education authorities
are struggling to find the resources to meet the
25 for English.
However, it
is open to question whether they are
putting all their eggs in one 26 . The future
of
English
language
is
intimately
27 the
electronic
revolution.
Satellite
television
and
the
Internet
have helped accelerate the 28 of
English, but will that always be the case?
The Internet, 29 , is now seen as the
saviour of minority languages. Indeed, with the
continuing
improvements in electronic
translation, will we even need a(n) 30 language?
It is open to question.
16. A. sell B.
make C. produce D. trade
17. A. and B.
but C. rather D. or
18. A. on B. with
C. for D. at
19. A. ever B. still C. no
longer D. no more
20. A. negative B.
typical C. subtle D. dominant
21. A.
speakers B. followers C. believers D. interpreters
22. A. group B. number C. amount D.
minority
23. A. alter B. differ C.
shift D. vary
24. A. old
B. new
C.
history D. future
25. A. want B.
pursuit C. demand D. desire
26. A. box
B. basket C. bag D. container
27. A.
restricted to
B. drawn to
C. tied up with D. caught up with
28.
A. range B. scope C. spread D. coverage
29. A. as a result B. as a rule C. in
addition D. in fact
30. A. global B.
unique C. worldly D. international
Ⅲ
. PARAPHRASING
Choose the closest paraphrased version
after each of the following sentences or the
italicized part.
Write the letter
corresponding to your choice on the answer sheet.
(1 point each, 10 points in all)
31. By
definition, heroes and heroines
are men
and women distinguished by uncommon courage,
achievements, and self-sacrifice made
most often for the benefit of others - they are
people against
whom we measure others.
A. ... we disagree with them when
judging others.
B. ... we think more
highly of them than others do.
C. ...
we believe other people are different from them.
D. ... we use them as the standard when
evaluating others.
32. Many people have
a rather acute sense of the shortness of each
lifetime.
A. Many people
realize that they are short of time.
B.
Many people feel keenly that their life is short.
C. Many people are sensible only for a
short period of time.
D. Many people
would like very much to prolong their life.
33. As a scientist, she learned with
sadness that little in Nature is truly beyond the
tampering reach
of man.
A. …
it is difficult for man to compete with
Nature.
B. … it is
impossible for man to benefit from
Nature.
C. … Nature can
hardly escape from man?s interference.
D. …Nature is really more powerful than
human beings.
34. These bits
of information and the list of D grades were all
the records had to offer.
A. These bits
of information explained his poor grades.
B. His poor grades were related to
these bits of information.
C. What
could be found in the records were those things
required to be there.
D. The records
gave nothing more than these bits of information
and poor grades.
35. People were only
shapes in dense, gray fog of dust and ash.
A. The dusty air made people barely
visible.
B. The air was too polluted
for people to breathe.
C. People hardly
stayed in shape in such dirty air.
D.
People were almost buried in thick dust and ash.
36. It would not be difficult to
compile a list of such surprises that would fill
the next fifty pages,
but I will
content myself with suggesting the first few that
occur to me.
A. ... I feel satisfied
with the first few examples in my mind.
B. ... I am surprised with the number
of suggestions I can give.
C. ... the
first few examples are the best ones that satisfy
my curiosity.
D. ... the first few
surprises coming to me would be enough as
examples.
37.
If
I
love
you,
I can see
you
as
a separate
person, with
your
own
values
and
thoughts
and
feelings, and I do not insist that you
surrender your identity and conform to an image of
what I
expect you to be for me.
A. ... I don?t want you to lose hope
and then blame me for it.
B.
... I won?t force you to be independent and you
can rely on me.
C. ... I
don?t expect you to follow my step and become
similar to me.
D ... I won?t
push you to lose your
self and become
what I like you to be.
38. If
disappointed, though, she [my mother] wasted no
energy on self-pity. She would make me
make something of myself whether I
wanted to or not.
A. Dissatisfied as
she was, she remained as determined as before.
B. Faced with discouragements, she
never lost her energetic spirits.
C.
Nothing could let her down even though no one
sympathized with her.
D. There was
enough self-confidence in her to deal with
disappointments.
39.
My
maternal
grandfather,
it
is
true,
was
cut
off
in
the
flower
of
his
youth
at
the
age
of
sixty-seven.
A. My maternal grandfather retired from
gardening at sixty-seven.
B. My
maternal grandfather died young, when he was
sixty-seven.
C. My maternal grandfather
lost energy when he was sixty-seven.
D.
My maternal grandfather was considered no longer
young at sixty-seven.
40.
Far-
reaching
as
many
of
them
[Edison?s
inventions]
have
been
in
their
effect
upon
modern
civilization, the
total effect of Edison?s career surpasses the sum
of all of them.
A. One
can never evaluate Edison?s great
inventions high enough.
B.
One needs to understand Edison?s inventions to
appreciate his career.
C.
Edison?s inventions are his most outstanding
contributions to human life.
D. Edison?s influence upon human
society is much
greater than his
inventions.
IV.
READING
COMPREHENSION
Read
the
two
passages
and
choose
the
most
likely
answer
to
each
of
the
questions.
Write
the
letter
corresponding
to
your
choice
on
the
answer
sheet
(2
points
each,
20
points
in
all)
Passage
1
Friendship
and
friends
continue
to
remain
central
to
our
lives.
The
relationship
that
we
sh
are
with
our
friends
is
grounded
in
a
mutual
concern
as
our
friends
help
us
in
shaping
u
p
our
personalities
as
well.
Even
in
this
age
of
online
social
networking,
the
need
of
exp
anding
the
network
of
friends,
whether
online
or
offline
remains
a
primary
concern
for
pe
ople.
We
may
have
a
very
vague
understanding
of
what
makes
a
friend
but
we
all
want
to
have
a
good
many
friends
around
us.
Research
has
shown
that
the
quality
and
nature
of
your
friends
are
one
of
the
key
influen
cing
factors
in
achieving
happiness
and
satisfaction.
Friends
often
affect
the
health
and
en
ergy
of
a
person
as
well.
More
and
more
people
are
increasingly
turning
towards
their
fri
ends
for
support
and
mutual
sharing
rather
than
communicating
to
their
relatives;
this
soci
ological
phenomenon
has
escalated
the
desire
to
make
more
friends.
Though
friendship
is
a
relationship
developed
between
two
individuals
marked
by
a
voluntary,
emotional
and
m
utual
concern,
there
are
certain
steps,
which,
if
followed,
can
win
you
friends
or
at
least
help
you
get
close
to
those
whom
you
want
to
make
friends
with.
The
first
step
to
make
friends
with
someone
is
to
make
them
like
you.
If
they
don?t
like
you
in
the
first
place,
it
is
unlikely
that
they?ll
be
eager
to
become
your
friends.
To
let
someone
know
that
you
are
genuinely
interested
in
them,
simple
gestures
like
a
little
smil
e
and
calling
him
by
his
first
name
can
lay
the
basic
foundation.
To
make
the
other
pers
on
feel
important
you
need
to
be
a
good
listener
and
encourage
the
other
person
to
talk.
Give
your
honest
and
sincere
opinion
but
do
not
overtly
criticize
or
make
fun
of
him
or
her.
The
second
step
of
making
someone
your
friend
is
to
develop
a
mutual
consideration
bet
ween
each
other.
You
need
to
share
his
or
her
perspective
and
for
that
it
is
necessary
for
you
to
develop
a
tendency
to
see
things
from
the
other
person?s
point
of
view.
To
beco
me
best
of
friends
you
must
show
a
genuine
concern
and
consideration
for
your
f
riend?s
desires
and
opinions.
The
third
and
final
step
towards
friendship
is
to
show
your
unconditional
support
and
enc
ouragement
towards
your
friend.
Moreover,
you
also
need
to
be
very
clear
about
your
exp
ectations
from
your
friend.
If
what
you
expect
from
the
person
you
want
to
befriend
matc
hes
with
what
that
person
can
and
want
to
contribute
in
friendship,
the
developing
friends
hip
between
you
and
your
friend
is
assured
to
grow,
making
both
of
you
gratified
with
mutual
emotional
bonding.
Friendship
has
overwhelming
significance
on
both
social
and
individual
levels.
Friendship
doesn?t
only
provide
us
with
emotional
as
well
as
practical
support
but
it
also
helps
us
i
mprove
our
personal
identities.
So
it
is
quite
natural
to
feel
the
urge
to
reach
out
and
ma
k
e
new
friends,
expanding
your
friend?s
circle.
Friendship
remains
familiar
yet
quite
ambig
uous
(
模糊的
)
for
our
deeper
understanding,
but
then
again,
friends
remain
the
most
impo
rtant
ingredients
in
the
recipe
of
life!
41.
The
relationship
between
friends
is
based
on
______.
A.
the
social
networking
around
friends
B.
friends?
caring
and
helping
each
oth
er
C.
the
style
friends
choose
to
communicate
D.
an
unclear
understanding
of
what
makes
a
friend
42.
Which
of
the
following
statements
has
been
proved
correct?
A.
The
better
quality
your
friends
have,
the
happier
you
will
be.
B.
Communication
with
friends
is
healthier
than
that
with
relatives.
C.
The
more
friends
you
have,
the
more
satisfied
you
are
with
yourself.
D.
Those
you
like
in
the
first
place
are
more
likely
to
become
your
friends.
43.
The
word
“escalated”
in
the
second
paragraph
probably
means
____
__.
A.
intensified
B.
challenged
C.
shifted
D.
resisted
44.
It
can
be
inferred
from
the
first
suggested
step
that
______
is
NOT
likely
to
win
you
friends.
A.
making
others
talk
B.
being
very
talkative
C.
telling
people
you
like
them
D.
addressing
others
in
an
informal
way
45.
What
structure
does
the
author
use
to
organize
this
passage?
A.
Effect-
cause.
B.
Comparison-
contrast.
C.
General-
specific-
general.
D.
Definition
-
explanation
-
example
Every single student
that applies for a class or course
online has certain expectations and
they are
often extremely high.
Unfortunately for most individuals, they will be
disappointed. It is a fact that
the
majority of individuals believe that they will
actually enjoy every aspect of their course. The
truth
is
that
there
is
very
little
in
a
degree
to
inspire
until
an
individual
actually
completes
the
course
and
is
awarded
the
degree
or
certificate
that
could
change
his
or
her
life.
This
is
no
different with an online education and,
in fact, the disappointment may be more obvious
because
they may face extra
difficulties in an online course.
Online education expectations are often
incredibly high, as previously stated, in terms of
what an
individual can get from it as
well as the manageability of the content itself.
However, although an
individual will
ultimately be proven right about what he or she
can get from it, this will not be the
case for manageability. Most online
education courses are anything but manageable for
those who
decide
to
take
them. The
level
of
work
would
be the same
as
any
other
degree
or
qualification
course, but an individual is expected
to manage it on his or her own instead of having a
tutor or
lecturer
there
to
remind
him
or
her
about
assignments
and
deadlines.
Time
management
is
extremely
important, but the
nature of these individuals? life often makes it
impossible to manage
without feeling
the stresses and strains of the burden.
It is important to be realistic with
your expectations concerning an online education
course, but
many are completely
unrealistic. If you read any of the accounts from
students that have already
taken and
may have even passed an online education course,
many will speak in glowing terms;
but
you should also read between the lines.
They claim that their expectations
will ultimately be fulfilled in terms
of the long-term benefits.
However, in
the short term they may say they found it
difficult to cope with the workload, the lack
of time that they actually had to
complete it, an unsupportive employer and so on.
This last point
may
not
be
an
issue
if
you
are
doing
it
to
advance
yourself within
your
current workplace,
but
there will
otherwise
be some
sort
of
resentment
bubbling
under
the
surface
and
that can
indeed
make
your
life
a
misery
for
a
little
while.
If
you
expect
it
and
prepare for
it
then
it should
not
bother you too much, and
if the resentment does not come then so much the
better!
In terms of your own
expectations, the best attitude to have is not to
go in with any at all. If you do
not
expect
anything
then
you
may
be
pleasantly
surprised.
It
can
be
difficult
to
fit
an
online
education in with personal commitments,
such as a family to look after or a job to go to
every day
whilst trying to study. It
does take a lot of effort, but if you do not
expect it to be eas
y or expect
that you will just be able to do it
without the balance of your life being upset as a
result, then you
will probably find
that you do get a sense of satisfaction from it!
Similarly, if you expect the worst
then
you will probably be pleasantly surprised!
Managing your expectations can be difficult, but
do not let them get the better of you !
46. The manageability is more difficult
in online courses than in any other course because
______.
A. online courses require
higher level of work
B. online courses
bring much more assignments
C. online
course takers have no way to contact their
lecturers
D. online course takers have
to rely on themselves for management
47.
According
to
the
passage,
one
may
not
have
the
problem
of
an
unsupportive
employer
if
______.
A. he is fully
prepared to deal with any resentment from his boss
B. his online education will be
beneficial to his current workplace
C.
his expectations will be fulfilled in the form of
long-term benefits
D. he can discuss
the issue width his boss openly and bravely on the
table
48. According to the writer of
this passage, one?s satisfaction in online
education might come from
______.
A. high expectations
B. diligent efforts
C. a
realistic attitude
D. a
proper balance
49.
In
the
last
sentence
of
th
is
passage,
the
phrase
“get
the
better
of
you”
probably
means
“______”.
A. make
a fool of you
B. take advantage of you
C. get too fancy for you to imagine
D. become too high for you to control
50. This passage is written mainly for
the purpose of ______.
A. inspiring its
readers to fulfill their expectations through hard
work
B. persuading its readers to be
more practical with their personal commitments
C. informing its readers about the
disadvantages of the courses they take online
D. preparing its readers for the
hardships they may encounter in online education
V.
WORD
DERIVATION
Complete
each
of
the
following
sentences
with
a
(compound)
word
derived
from
the
one(s)
given
in
brackets.
Write
your
word
on
the
answer
sheet.
(1
point
each,
10
points
in
all)
51.
The
railway
station
has
always
been
a
fascinating
place,
representing
departure
as
well
as
______.
(arrive)
52.
A
climate
that
is
extreme
in
temperature,
whether
it
be
too
hot
or
too
cold,
is
not
__
____.
(desire)
53.
Tropical
rainforest
is
a
forest
of
tall
trees
in
a
region
of
year-
round
______
and
plent
iful
rainfall.
(warm)
54.
We
often
hear
of
people
breaking
down
from
______,
but
in
nine
cases
out
of
ten
th
ey
are
really
suffering
from
worry
or
anxiety.
(work,
over)
55.
The
______
red
strawberries
make
a
nice
decoration
on
top
of
the
cake.
(juice)
56.
More
and
more
businessmen
have
realized
that
it
is
important
to
______
their
product
s
in
international
trade.
(standard)
57.
The
earthquake-stricken
area
received
______
help
from
its
neighboring
provinces.
(tim
e)
58.
What
is
considered
moral
in
one
society
may
be
______
in
another,
depending
on
dif
ferent
social
values.
(moral)
59.
Young
people
will
need
to
learn
to
______
the
responsibility
of
their
own
decisions.
(shoulder)
60.
Special
guidance
and
help
need
to
be
provided
to
the
______
members
of
the
staff.
(qualified)
VI.
SENTENCE
TRANSLATION
Turn
the
following
sentences
into
English
and
write
your
sentences
on
the
answer
sheet.
(3
points
each,
15
points
in
all)
61.
公司越来越多地借助高科技来保护计算机的安全。
62.
学生们应该首先根据他们的兴趣来选专业。
< br>
63.
名人生活压力很大，
因为不管他们表面多光鲜，他们基本上没有隐私和安全感。
64.
在应聘工作时，应聘者应积极参与谈话，但不应喧宾夺主
。
65.
经过三个月的投诉，我终于让百货商场经理退还了多收我的二十块钱。
VII.
WRITING
Write
a
composition
on
the
answer
sheet
in
about
150
words,
basing
yourself
on
one
of
t
he
texts
you
have
learned.
(15
points)
Topic:
Describe
the
changes
Barrentt
experienced
and
explain
the
reason
based
on
the
text
“Take
Over,
Bos?n!”
Use
the
following
outline:
·
the
situation
the
sailors
were
in
·
the
conflict
between
Snyder,
the
captain,
and
Barrentt,
the
third
officer
·
the
role
Barrentt
played
·the
cause
for
Barrentt?s
change
第一单元
1.
常考单词：
goa
l
，
objective
，
accomplish
，
predict
，
accompany
，
implement
，
tendency
，
achievement
，
ar
gue
，
budget
，
define
，
entity
2.
常考词组：
in the
way
，
in
part
，
point of
view
，
contribute
to
，
to apply
for
，
in
hand
，
to turn down
3.
常考句子：
1)A
decision is a choice made from among alternative
courses of action that are available.
2)Often
managers must make a best guess at what the future
will be and try to leave as little
as
possible to chance.
3)If there is no
choice
，
there is no decision
to be made.
4)For managers every decision has
constraints based on politics
，
procedures
，
laws
，
precedents
and the like.
5)For
example
，
managers sometimes
treat problems in an either/or fashion.
6)Decision makers must have some way of
determining which of several alternatives is best
-
that is
，
which
contributes the most to the achievement of
organizational goals.
7)In the larger scheme of t
hings
，
however
，
increased funding for research to improve
the
products might be more beneficial
to the organization.
8)Some
of
these
objectives
are
more
important
than
others
，
but
the
order
and
degree
of
importance often vary form person to
person and from department to department.
第二单元
1.
常考单词：
esc
ape
，
explode
，
collapse
，
shrink
，
gravity
，
meas
urement
，
basis
，
launch
，
convincing
，
companion
，
speculation
，
swallow
，
operate
，
to
make use of
，
a great
many
，
above all
2.
常考句子：
1)Astronomers
and scientists think that a black hole is a region
of space into which matter
has fallen
and from which nothing can escape.
2)The theory is
that some stars explode when their density
increases to a particular point.
3)Some people think that the Start of
Bethlehem could have been a supernova.
4)If a man fell into a black
hole
，
he would think that he
reached the center of it very quickly.
5)It is only recently that astronomers
have begun specific research into black holes.
6)On the other
hand
，
scientists have
suggested that every advanced technology could one
day
make use of the energy of black
holes for mankind.
第三单元
1.
常考单词：
weaken
deteriorate
debate
legal
request
criterion
ensure
oppose
tradition
consideration
disabled burden vulnerable prohibition
sensitive
2.
常考词组：
to
debate on
to make request
for
be opposed to
to take … into account
3.
常考句子：
1)Affected with
a serious disease
，
van Wendal
was no longer able to speak clearly and he
knew there was no hope of recovery and
that his condition was rapidly deteriorating.
2)V
an Wendel's last three
months of life before being given a
final
，
lethal
injection by his
doctor were
filmed and first shown on television last year in
the Netherlands.
3)The programme has since
been bought by 20 countries and each time it is
shown
，
it starts a
nationwide debate on the subject.
4)What those people who oppose
euthanasia are telling me is that dying people
haven't the
right.
第四单元
1.
常考单词：
demestic
statistics
diplomat
exploit
campaign
execute
convict
despite
deserving
shelf
minimum status deport
2.
常考句子：
1)There are
estimated to be more than
20
，
000 overseas domestic
servants working in Britain.
2)Of these 20
，
000
，
jus
t under 2
，
000 are being
exploited and abused by their employers.
3)The sad condition of women working as
domestics around the world received much media
attention earlier this year in several
highly publicized cases.
4)A
Filipino
maid
was
executed
in
Singapore
after
being
convicted
of
murder
，
despite
protests form various quarters that her
guilt had not been adequately established.
5)She used to work for a very low wage
at a tea factory in Sri Lanka.
6)Because she
found it difficult to feed her four
children
，
she accepted a job
working as a
domestic in London.
7)So if they do
complain
，
they risk being
deported.
第五单元
1.
常考单词：
Mus
ician
，
rhythmic
，
distinct
，
consciousn
ess
，
originate
，
readily
，
instrument
，
electronic
，
thereby
，
passive
，
participant
2.
常考词组：
to
take
place
to
take
over
to
take
on
in
a
sense
at
a stretch
to
serve
as
in
advance
for the sake of
3.
常考句子：
1)The new music
was built out of materials already in existence.
2)Folk music
，
old
and modern
，
was popular among
college students.
3)They freely took over
elements form jazz
，
from
American country music.
4)With records at
home
，
listeners imitated
these lighting effects as best they could.
第六单元
1.
常考单词：
efficiency increasingly install
personnel expose reduction completion specific
switch critical
intensity scale
defective
2.
常考词组：
in
that
in
question
plenty
of
3.
常考句子：
1)Most
of
today's
robots
are
employed
in
the
automotive
industry
，
where
they
are
programmed to take over such jobs as
welding and spray painting automobile and truck
bodies.
2)Robots
，
already
taking over human tasks in the automotive field
are beginning to be
seen
，
although
to a lesser
degree
，
in other industries
as well.
3)The
robots
used
in
nuclear
power
plants
handle
the
radioactive
materials
，
preventing
human
personnel from being exposed to radiation.
4)Robots differ from automatic machines
in that after completion of one specific
task
，
they
can be
reprogrammed by a computer to do another one.
5)Engineers
skilled
in
microelectronics
and
computer
technology
are
developing
artificial
vision for robots.
6)With the
ability to
，
robots can
identify and inspect one specific class of objects
out of
a stack of different kinds of
materials.
7)Anyone wanting to understand the
industry of the future will have to know about
robotics.
第七单元
1.
常考单词：
research
attach
underlie
relevant
positive
possession
desirable
relaxation
occupation
urban
acquire participation
2.
常考词组
：
be concerned
with
be
relevant to
to
set … as objective
3.
常考句子：
1)People
in
advanced
industrial
societies
are
increasingly
concerned with
opportunities
for
leisure.
2)The
importance people attach to paid holidays and the
rapid development of services for
mass
entertainment and recreation are signs of this
increasing concern.
3)The specific use of
leisure varies from individual to individual.
4)Since
leisure
is
basically
self-
determined
，
one
is
able
to
take
to
one's
interests
and
preferences and
get involved in an activity in ways
that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction.
5)Basically
，
such
attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure is
an important area of life and
a belief
that Leisure can and should be put to good use.
6)For example
，
the
degree to which and the ways in which a school
encourages participation
in
games
，
sports and cultural
pursuits are likely to contribute to the shaping
of leisure attitudes on
the part of the
students.
7)Schools usually set as their
educational objective the attainment of a balanced
development
of the person.
8)The more
seriously this is sought
，
the
more likely positive attitudes towards leisure as
well
as academic work will be
encouraged.
第八单元
1.
常考单词：
flight negotiation transport overcome
internal external rhythm feasible assumption
promote
2.
常考词组：
effect
on
to
blame…
on
to
advantage
now
that
out
of step
to
leave … alone
3.
常考句子：
1)The
problem
of
Jet
Lag
is
one
every
international
traveler
comes
across
at
some
time.
(para.1)
2)The
effects
of
rapid
travel
on
the
body
are
actually
far
more
disturbing
than we
realize.
(para.2)
3)He later blamed his poor judgement on
Jet Lag. (para.3)
4)Now that we understand
what Jet lag is
，
we can go
some way to overcoming it.(para.4)
5)The other
belongs in our internal clocks
which
，
left
alone
，
would tie the body to
a 25 hour
-
yes
，
25 - rhythm.(para.5)
6)In time the physiological system will
reset itself
，
but it does
take time. (para7)
7)One
reason for
this
discrepancy
is
that
different
bodily
events
are
controlled
by
different
factors. (para.8)
8)It is not
feasible to wait four days until the body is used
to the new time zone. (para.9)
第九单元
1.
常考单词：
classify
approximate
proportion
appreciation
acknowledge
alter
lengthen
wealthy
neglect
expectation
2.
常考词组：
to approximate
to
resistance to
to cope with
attribute … to
3.
常考句子：
1)Nation
classified
as
when
they
have
7percent
of
more
of
their
people
aged
65
or
above. (para.1)
2)The nearer a society approximates to
zero population growth
，
the
older
its population
is
likely to be - at
least
，
for any future that
concerns us now.
3)The older you are
now
，
of
course
，
the greater this
proportion will be
，
and
greater still if you
are a woman.
4)If you are now in your
thirties
，
you ought to be
aware that you can expect to live nearly one
third of the rest of your life after
the age of 60.
来源
:
考试大
-
自考站
< br>
第十单元
1.
常考单词：
election
vote
certainty
loyalty
decline
democrat
strategy
pursue
impact
headquarters
economy stir congress representative
2.
常考词组：
to identify……as
impact on
3.
常考句子：
1)Candidates
try to project a strong leadership image. (para.4)
2)Whether voters accept this image
，
however
，
de
pends more on external factors than on a
candidate's personal characteristics.
(para. 4)
此句注意主语从句作主语。
3)A
year later
，
with the nation's
economy in trouble
，
Bush's
approval rating dropped below 40
percent.
4)Candidates
are
particularly
concerned
with
winning
the
states
which
have
the
largest
population.
5)Clinton
received
only
43
percent
of
the
popular
vote
in
1992
，
compared
with
Bush's
38
percent and Perot's 19 percent.
第十一单元
1.
常考单词：
disorder irrelevant
misleading
irresponsible
eventual
replace
partly undergo suitable to
do research
into be central to
be
irrelevant to to aim for
2.
常考句子：
1)The use of
animals has been central to the development of
anaesthetics.
2)Animal research is irrelevant to our
health and it can often produce misleading
results.
3)People
and
animals
are
different
in
their
reactions
to
drugs
and
in
the way
their
bodies
work.
4)It would be
completely irresponsible and unethical to use
drugs on people that had not been
thoroughly tested on animals.
5)The
eventual
aim
of
computer
modeling
is
to
reduce
the
number
of
animals
used
in
experiments.
6)Many other
new techniques are now available that enable more
research to be done in the
test tube to
see if chemicals produce harmful biological
effects.
7)The number of animals used in
laboratory tests has declined over the last 20
years.
8)This is partly due to alternatives
and partly to the fact that experiments are better
designed
so fewer need to be used.
9)Professor David Morton of the
department is involved in animal
research and is concerned
with reducing animal suffering as much
as possible.
10)This includes keeping them in more
suitable cages.
include
后面接动名词作宾语。
11)In the
US
，
one experiment in nerve
regeneration involves cutting a big nerve in a
rat's leg.
involve
后面接动名词作宾语。
12)When it
comes to research into heart disease and its
effects on the body
，
or
diseases of the
brain for
example
，
we do not have
adequate substitutes for the use of animals.
When it comes to
当提到
…
的时候
第十二单元
1.
常考单词：
symptom
intellectual
detail
initial
inventor
confront
sensitivity
reflection
creativity
character trace
modest
investment
to substitute
…
for
be contrary
to
to
put
off
be confronted
with to gaze at be unaware of to impress…on be
free from be beneficial to
2.
常考句子：
1)At its
best
，
daydreaming was
considered a compensatory substitute for the real
things in
life.
2)There
are
always
those
who
would
substitute
fantasy
lives
for
the
rewards
of
real
activity.(para.2)
3)Most people suffer from a lack of
daydreaming rather than an excess of it. (para.2)
4)Not only are they less able to deal
with the pressure of day-to-day
existence
，
but also their
self -control and self-direction become
endangered. (para.2)
5)But its beneficial
effects go beyond this. (para. 3)
Go beyond
表示
“
超越
…
，不仅仅是
… ”
6)Historically
，
sc
ientists
and
inventors
are
one
group
that
seems
to
take full
advantage
of
relaxed moments.
Take advantage of
利用
7)Whenever confronted with
a task which seemed too hard to be dealt
with
，
he would stretch
out on his laboratory sofa and let
fantasies flood his mind. (para.7)
8) Picture
yourself as winning and that will contribute
remarkably to success.
The important thing to
remember is to picture these desired objectives as
if you had already
attained them.
第十三单元
1.
常考单词：
compel
voluntary
undertake
coincide
manual
efficiency
compulsion
division
eliminate
boring amusement
so far as …knows to coincide with attitude toward
to go in for
2.
常考句子：
1)He cannot be really happy if h is
compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy
doing.
2)Whether a job is to be classified as
labor or work depends
，
not on
the job itself
，
but on the
tastes of the individual who undertake
it.
3)The difference does
not
，
for
example
，
coincide with the
difference between a manual and a
mental job.
4)So that it is natural for
him to imagine that the fewer hours he has to
spend laboring
，
and
the more hours he is free to
play
，
the
bett
第十四单元
1.
常考单词：
device
compassion
grab
belonging
threatening
convince
foster
persuasion
avail
suspect
profound
to convince sb. to do sth. to comment on
2.
常考句子：
1)It was a
microcassette found in Kathleen Weinstein's shirt
pocket that not only led police to
her alleged killer but also revealed
the New Jersey teacher to be a woman of
extraordinary courage
and
compassion.
本句是个强调句，另外注意
found
的用法
2)It was
there
，
police
believe
，
that Weinstein was
able to activate the recorder she kept in her
bag.
本句是强调句。
3)Weinstein's
body
，
with hands and feet
bound
，
was discovered by a
hiker on March17.
4)But
before
she
died
she
somehow slipped
the
microcassette
into
her
pocket without
her
killer knowing it.
第十五单元
1.
常考单词：
solely content sensible persist vital
logic evaluate raw ultimate functional
extension undue
concrete
conquer
error
prolong
technician
proof
possess
to
pull
down
to
mistake…for
to
distinguish
between
to
come
to
terms
with
to
end
in
to
reflect
on
to
come
about
to
speculate on
2.
常考句子：
1)Electronic brains can reduce the
profusion of dead ends involved in vital research.
2)Nor do they connect a man to the
things he has to be connected to
- the
reality of pain in
others.
注意本句的倒装形式。并且注意
“ connect … to
”
表示
“
把
…
与
…
连接起来
”
。
3)The
reason
these
matters
are
important
in
a
computerized
age
is
that
there
may
be
a
tendency to mistake data for wisdom.
本句中注意
“ tendency
”
后面要接动词不定式作定语。另外
“ mistake …
for
”
表示
“
把
…
错认为
… ”
4)For the danger is not so much that
man will be controlled by the computer as that he
may
imitate it.
the way
挡路，阻碍，妨碍
make a guess
at
对
...
进行猜测
blind sth.
使某人看不到某物
,
使某人对某物丧失判断力
contribute to
sth.(1)
促成，导致
(2)
有助
于，增添
(3)
捐助，贡献
(4)
撰稿，投稿
seek to do
sth.
设法做某事
part
部分地
;
在某种程度上
from...to...
从
...
变为
...;
在
...
与
...
之间变化
the like
等等，诸如此类
of view
观点，看法
apply for
申请，请求
-to-day (1)
日常的，每日常规工作的
(2)
逐日的
have no idea
不知道
;
无能力
take the trouble to do
sth.
费力做某事，不辞劳苦做某事
put oneself in sb?s place
设身处地替某人着想
one?s
advantage
处于不利地位
ask for
要求，请求，要价，讨价
hand (1)
在手中
(
持有
);
在手头
(
随时可用
)(
2)
在控制下
(3)
正在办理、处理之
中
make sure(of/that)(1)
弄清楚，核实
查明
(2)
设法确保，最好
turn down (1)to turn sb./down
顶回，拒不理会，拒绝
(2)to turn
调节
(
炉具、
收音机等
)
使热量、音量温度等降低
(3)
翻下
soon as
一
...
就
...
，不迟于<
/p>
to do sth.
或
aim
at doing sth
计划
;
打
算
;
以
...
为目标
ment with
进行实验
(
试验
)
case
免得，以防万一，说不定
theory
理论上，理论上讲
apply to sth.
(1)
把
...
应用于
...(2)
致力于
...
，
集中精力
(
做某事
)
ch
into
研究、探讨、调查
swallow up (1)
吞没，淹没，掩盖
(2)
用尽，耗尽<
/p>
make use of
利用
on
依靠，指望
er with
和，连同
every respect
在各个方面
other words
换句话说，也就是说
consist of
由
...
组成，由
.
..
构成
34.a great many
许多，很多
consist of
对
...
有影响
all
最重要的，尤其，首先
a rule
在多数情况下，通常，一般而言
be affected with
感染
< br>(
疾病
)
，患有
...
病
carry out (1)
实施，执行，完成，贯彻，落实
(2)
进行
(
实验等
)
addition
to
加之，除
...
以外
this(that)case
这
(
那
)
样的话，既然这
(
那
)
样
open up (1)
畅谈
(2)
开业，开张
care for (1)
照顾，照看
(2)
< br>喜欢，喜爱，愿意
take into
account(consideration)
考虑，体谅，包括
have...at
heart
很关心某事物，极欲支持或维护
opt out(of)
决定不参加，退出
short
简称
,
简写
amount to (1)
总计，共达
(2)
等于，相当于
(the)average
平均来讲，按平均数计算
compete with <
/p>
与
...
竞争，对抗
blame
为
...
责备某人，责
怪某人
nature
从天性上讲，本性上
be
related to
与
...
有关
be
worth(doing)sth.
值得
bring over
把某人带到，改变思想
convict
宣判某人有
....
罪
supposed to
认为必须，认为应该
feel
like(doing)sth.
想要
(
做
)
某事物
protect form(against)
保护，保卫
risk(doing)sth.
冒着
.....
的危险
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇：《瑜伽师地论》目录(中英文对照)
下一篇：《当代翻译理论》埃德温.根次勒