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中考定语从句用法归纳总结
定语从句
:
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子叫作定语从句。
先行词：
定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
关<
/p>
系
词
：
引
导
定
语
从
句
的
词
，
分
为
关
系
代
词
< br>（
who,whom,that,which,whose
）
和
关
系
副
词
(where,when,why,)
。
复合句
：
The man
who (that) came
is Mike.
先行词
关系代词
Li
Ming is the one
that got full marks in our class.
先行词
关系代词
上句的黑体字为复合句中的主句，蓝体字为定语从句
.
一
定语从句的关系代词
Which
的用法
:
若先行词指物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语
.
This is the pen
which was given
by my friend.
先行词
指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语
This is the pen
which my friend
gave to me.
先行词
指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
二
定语从句的关系代词
Who
的用法
:
若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语
(
如果前面带介词则必须用
whom)
The man who
is wearing a white suit is my brother.
先行词
指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语
The man whowhom he wanted to see last
week is in Shanghai.
先行词
指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
She is the girl with whom I went there.
先行词
指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前
.
三
定语从句的关系代词
Whom
的用法
:
< br>若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
(
包括
介词的宾语
) ,
与
< br>who
的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用
whom
This is the teacher whomwho we like
best.
先行词
指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
She is the girl whom who I went with
there.
先行词
指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾
.
I don’t like the boy to whom you are
talking.
注意
whose<
/p>
在从句中作定语。如：
The
girl
whose
mother is a
doctor is waiting for you
outside
．
妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。
This is the house
whose
window was broken in the winds
last night.
四
定语从句的关系代词
that
的用法
:
< br>若先行词指人或物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾
语
The animal that which is lost is a
panda.
先行词
指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语
She is the person that who we are
worried about.
先行词
指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
注意
1.
that which
在代物时常常可以通用
< br>,
但有时只宜于用
which
,
不用
that
(1)
关系代词前有介词时
.
This is the hotel in
which
you will stay.
欢迎阅读
(2)
如有两个定语从句
,
其中一句的关系代词是
that,
另一句宜于用
which.
Let me show you the
novel
that
I borrowed from
the library
which
was newly
open (
开放
)to us.
（<
/p>
3
）先
行词本身是
that
时，用
which.
eg, What
’
s
that
which
flashed in the
sky just
now?
刚才天空中一闪而过的是什么东西？
注意
2.
that which
在代物时常常可以通用
< br>,
但有时只宜于用
that
,
不用
which.
(1)
先行词是形容词最高级或者它的前面有形容词最高级时
This is the best
that
has been used against air
pollution(
反对空气污染
) in cities.
English is the most difficult
subject
that
you will learn
during these years.
He
’
s the
cleverest boy
that
my
teacher likes.
(2)
先行词是序数词
,
或它的前面有一个序数词时
He is the last person
that
I want to see.
(3)
主句中已有疑问词
whowhich
时
Which is the bike
that
you lost?
Who is the person
that
is standing at the gate?
(4)
先行词既有人又有物时
The bike and its rider
that
had run over
(
撞倒了
)an old man were taken
to the police station.
I can remember
well the persons and some pictures
that
I saw in the room.
(5)
先行词是
all,much,little,few,some
,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the
one
等代词时
You should hand in all
that
you have.
We ha
ven’t got
much
that
we can offer you.
I mean the one
that
you talked about just now.
(6)
先行词前面有
only,an
y,few,little,no,all,one of,the same,the very,the
last,the right
等词修饰时
The only thing
that
we can do is to give you some
money.
Li Ming is the only
one
that
got full marks
(
满分
)in our class.
Li Ming is one of the
students
that
want to be
teachers in our class.
He is the very man
that
helped
the
girl out of the
water.
他正是把那个女孩从水里救出来的那个男人。
(7)
有两个定语从句
,
其中一个关系代词已用
which,
另外一个宜用
that
Edison built up a
factory(
办了一个工厂
)
which
produced things
that
had never been seen before
< br>（
8
）当
先行词在主句中做表语
，而关系代词也在从句中做表语时，用
that.
He is
not the man
that
he used to
be.
他不再是从前的他了。
注意
3.
用
who
不宜用
that
的情况
（
1
）
先行词是指人的不定代词，
eg:
one,anyone,no one,all,nobody,anybody,those
< br>等。
Those
who
have good manners will be
respected.
那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的尊敬。
<
/p>
（
2
）
当先行词
指人并含有较长的后置定语或在被分割的定语从句中时。
The boy was
crying hard
who
lost his way while looking for his
mother.
找妈妈时迷路的那个男孩正哭得厉害。
五．定语从句的关系副词
Where
的用法
:
若先行词指地点且其在定语从
句中充当地点状语
.
This is the house
+I was born in the house. (=I was born there)
介词短语
副词
=This is the
house
where
I was bornin which I
was born.
介词
+
关系代词
先行词
关系副词
.
这就是我在那儿出生的房子
.
Do
you still remember the place
where
we first met?
练习：用
which
，
where
填空
1
This is the factory-----
they want to visit.
2
My sister
works in a bookshop in
we can read
many kinds of books
3
Have you visited the city
the famous
scientist was born?
4
Is this the museum
they visited last month?
5
He built a telescope
through
he could study the skies.
6
The pencil
with ________ he wrote was broken.
7
Is this the shop _____
sells
children’s clothing?
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