-
中考
it
用法总结与
练习
it
是英语中的重要单词之一，
也是中考中经常考到的词汇，
中考中经常考查的题型有单项填空
、
完形填空
等；考查的内容有：①
it
作人称代词的用法；②
it
表示时间、
天气、距离等的用法；③
it
作形式主语或形式
宾语的用法。
一、
it
作人称代词的用法
it
< br>用作代词，意为“它”，既可以指物，也可以指人。
it
作人称代词，可以用来代替一个名词、一个短语、
一个从句或一个句子，以避免它们在句
中的重复。这时它可以指提到过的，也可以指未提到过的，在句中
作主语、宾语或表语。
例如：
1.
指事物
作为人称代词，
it
可以指代除人以外的一切事物或动物。例如：
I d________ my watch and it broke.
我把手表掉在地上摔坏了。
It
’
s hard work,
but I enjoy it. _____________________________
。
—
Where is
the dog?
狗在哪？
—
It
’
s
in the bedroom.
在
________
里。
You have
__________________; I shall never forget it.
你救了我的命，我永远不会忘记的。
2.
指人
it
指人主要用于指性别不明的婴儿，
并不确知的某人，
只听其声而不见其人的人，
或用于确认某人
的身份。
例如：
Is it a
boy or a girl?
是男孩还是女孩
?
There is a ________ on the door. It
must be the ________.
有人在敲门，一定是邮递员。
(
在答语中，常用来
指本人，如说
It
’
s
me.
。
)
—
Listen! Someone
____________.
听！有人在哭。
—
Oh, it must be Mary.
噢，一定是玛丽。
Someone
must ____________ (be) here. But we have no idea
who it was.
刚才一定有人来过这里，
但我们不知
道是谁。
3.
代替某些代词
代词
it
还可用于代替指示代词
this, that
以及复合不定代词
something,
anything, nothing
等。例如：
—
What
’
s
this?
这是什么？—
It
’
s a new ________.
是一种新机器。
Nothing
is wrong, is it?
没出什么问题，是吗？
二、
it
作非人称代词的用法
1.
基本用法
it
作非人称代词，主要用于指时间、距离、价值、天气、气候及温度等自然现象。例如：
It
’
s ______
late ______ go there now.
现在去那儿已经太迟了。
It
________________________________.
昨天下了一天的雨。
It can
sometimes get very hot here.
_______________________
。
It is five ________ from the office to
his home.
从工作单位到他家有
5
< br>英里。
2.
用于某些句型
It
’
s time for
sth.
“该做某事了”
It
’
s time to do
sth.
“该做某事的时候了”
It
’
s time for sb.
to do sth.
“某人该干某事了”
It
’
s (about /
high) time + that-
从句
.
“
某人该做某事了”
(
从句
谓语用过去式，
有时也用
“
shoul
d+
动词原形”
)
It
’
s the first
(second) time + that-
从句
.
“某人第几次干某事”
(
从句谓语用现在完成时
)
It
’
s +
时间段
+
since-
从句
.
“自从……有一段时间了”
It
’
s
+
时间段
+
before-
从句
.
“过多长的时间才……”
It
’
s
one
’
s turn to do sth.
“轮到某人做某事了”
It
one
’
s duty to do sth.
“做某事是某人的职责”
英汉互译小练习——
①快点吧。到<
/p>
(
我们
)
去上学
的时间了。
②
It
’
s
high time that he went to help the old man.
③这是我第一次打败汤姆。我真高兴啊！
④
It is three years since I
left my hometown. How time flies!
⑤约翰，该你给我们唱歌了。
⑥
It is our duty to make the
environment better and better.
⑦过不了多久他们就会互相了解的。
⑧
It
won
’
t be long before a new
factory is built in our hometown.
三、
it
作形式主语的用法
1.
基本用法
当不定式、动名词、从句等
复杂成分用作句子主语时，为保持句子平衡，通常把真正的主语放在句末，
而在句首使用
形式主语
it
。例如：
It
’
s very
important to remember this.
记住这一点很重要。
It
’
s hard work
climbing mountains.
________
是费劲的事。
It
’
s unknown when
he will come.
他什么时候来还
_______
_____
。
2.
用作形式主语的的重要句型
(1)
It + be + adj. for / of sb. to do sth.
对某人来说，做某事怎么样
It
is hard for him to make up his m________.
他很难下定决心。
It was
foolish of her to say such a thing. ______________
__________
，真是太蠢了。
【说明】
介词
of
与
for
的区别是：
of
前的形容词用于指某
人的性格、
品质等，
如
wise,
foolish, patient, polite,
rude, kind
；
for
前的形容词用于指事情做起来怎么样
，如
easy, hard, difficult, possible,
impossible, important,
necessary,
unnecessary
。
(2)
It takes sb. +
时间段
+ to do
sth.
某人做某事花了……时间
It takes years to master a new
language.
要花多年的时间才能
________<
/p>
一门新的语言。
【说明】此句型可以有以下多变种变体：
It took me
an hour to write the letter. =The letter took me
an hour (to
write). =I took an hour to
write the letter.
我写这封信花了一个小时。
(3)
It is up to sb. to do sth.
该由某人做某事
It
’
s up to you to
make the ________.
得由你来作选择。
(4) it looks / seems / appears /
happens that (as if /
though)
…
似乎……
It seemed as
though he didn
’
t recognize
me.
他
________
没认出我
来。
It happened that I was
out when he called.
他打电话时我
__
______
不在家。
(5) If
it were not for
…
/ If it hadn
’
t
been for
…
若不是因为……
If it
were not for their help, we
couldn
’
t have got over the
difficulties.
要不是他们帮助，
这些困难我们
不了的。
四、
it
< br>用作形式宾语的用法
1.
基本用法
当不定式、动名词、从句等
复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形
式宾语，而将
真正的宾语移至句末。其基本结构为“动词
+it+
宾语补足语
+
不定式
(
动
名词或从句
)
”。例如：
I find it difficult to do the job
________.
我发现做好这件事不容易。
I think it best that you should
____________.
我认为你最好住这儿。
We think it no use complaining.
我们认为
________
是没有用的。
2.
用作形式宾语的几个特殊结构
(1)
动词
+ it +
that-
从句。例如：
I
like it that you came.
你来了，我很高兴。
I take
it (that) he will come ____________.
我认为他会准时来的。
You
can put it that it was arranged before.
你可以说这是以前
________
的。
【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有
have, take, put, like
等。
(2)
动词
+ it +
when / if-
从句。例如：
I dislike it when you whistle.
< br>我不爱听你吹
________
。
We really appreciate it when she
offered to help.
她来帮忙了，我们十分
_
_______
。
I
’
d prefer it if
I didn
’
t have to do so
________ work.
要是我不必做那么多工作，好就太好了。
【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有
enjoy,
hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer
等。
(3)
动词
+
prep
. + it +
that-
从句。例如：
See
to it that you
’
re not late
again.
注意千万不要再
________
。
Look to it that this
doesn
’
t ________ again.
注意不要再发生这种事。
You
may rely on it that he
’
ll
come to meet you.
你放心，他会来
___
_____
的。
I
can
’
t answer for it that he
will come.
我不能保证
__________
。
【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有
see to,
look to, insist on, stick to, depend on, answer
for
等。
(4)
动词
+ it +
介词短语
+
that-
从句。例如：
I owe
it to you that I am still ________.
多亏有你我才仍然活着。
I
took it for granted that he ________ (will) help
us.
我认为他会帮助我们的。
【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有
take it
for granted, bring it to
one
’
s attention, owe it to
sb.
等。
五、
it
在强调句中的用法
强调句的基本结构是：
It + be +
被强调部分
+ that / who +
其他部分。例如：
It was
yesterday that he got __________.
他是在昨天结婚的。
It was
a computer that he bought last month. ____________
____________________
。
Who was it that won the World Cup in
2014?
谁赢得了
2014
年的<
/p>
____________
？
六、
it
与
one
的区别
it
与<
/p>
one
两者均可代替前面提到的事物，区别是：
< br>it
指的是与前面已提到的事物为同一事物，此时的
it
等
于
“
the
/ this / that / my /
…
+
名词”
；
而
one
指的是与前面已提到的事物为同一类，
此时
的
one
等于
“
a +
名
词”。例如：
I have a dictionary but
I
’
ve lent ________ to Kathy.
我有一本词典，但把它借给凯西了。
I don
’
t have a
dictionary, can you lend me ________?
我没有词典，你能借我一本吗？
附：
it
的疑难解析
1.
【误】—
A latest
English newspaper, please!
请来一份最新的英文报纸！
—
Only one copy left. Would
you like to have one, sir?
只剩下一份了，先生。你要这份吗？
【正】—
A latest English
newspaper, please!
—
Only one
copy left. Would you like to have it, sir?
【解析】
one
和
it
都可以指代前面提到过的事物，
one
代替上
文提到过的事物中的“某一个”，
it
就是上
< br>文中提到过的那一个。这里用
it
来指上文中的
only one copy
。
2.
【误】
This is
your bike, isn
’
t this?
这是你的自行车，是不是？
【正】
This is your bike,
isn
’
t it?
【解析】在回答
this,
that
作主语的一般疑问句和以
this, that
作主语的反意疑问句时，用
it
代替上文中的
this
或
that
< br>，而不能直接使用
this
或
t
hat
。
it
的用法演练场
1.
—
Who is singing in the next
room?
—
________ must be
Marie.
A. It
B. She C. This
D. There
2. Your MP4 is quite clean.
Where did you buy ________? I want to buy
________, too.
A. one; one
B. it; it C. it; one
D. one; it
3. Tom
doesn
’
t like the film
________, but his parents like ________.
A. himself; it B. itself;
themselves
C.
itself; it D. himself; themselves
4.
—
Oh, there is
someone in the room.
—
________ must be my
brother.
A. He
B. This C. It
D. There
5.
—
I
think ________ good to start with a group.
—
I agree with you. Groupwork
makes us study better.
A. that
B. it C. its
D. this
6.
—
Have
you heard the good news?
—
No, what ________?
A. is it B.
is there C. are they
D. are those
7. ________ is said that
________ tourists visit Geyuan Garden every day.
A. That; thousands of
B.
it; five thousand of
C. it;
thousands of
D.
This; three thousand
8. The chairman
thought ________ necessary to invite Professor
Smith to speak at the meeting.
A. that
B. it C. this
D. him
9.
—
Do you
like ________ here?
—
Oh,
yes. The air, the weather, the way of life.
Everything is fine.
A. this
B. there C. that
D. it
10. I like ________ in the
autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
A. this B.
that C. it
D. one
11.
—
________ that he managed to
get the information?
—
Oh, a
friend of his helped him.
A. Where was
it B. What was it C. How was
it D. Why was it
12.
________ was not until yesterday that he realized
that he was young.
A. That
B. It C. This
D. He
13. The young lady at the corner
was holding a baby in her arms and ________ was
crying for some more milk.
A. it
B. one C. she
D. who
14. Mr. Green kept telling his
daughter not to surf the Internet too often, but
_______ didn
’
t help.
A. he B.
she C. which
D. it
15.
—
I saw
no more than one motor-car in that shop. Will you
go and buy ________?
—
No,
I
’
d rather find ________ in
the newspaper.
A. one; one
B. it; it C. one; it
D. it; one
16. I want to know ________:
Has Mr. Jones been here the whole morning?
A. it B. one
C. that D. this
17. The pacific region will be one of
the fastest developing areas in the world in the
21
st
century.________
shouldn
’
t be any
doubt about it now.
A. It
B. That C. This
D. There
18. Will you see to ________
that the luggage is brought back?
A. which B. it
C. this D. that
19. What she said discouraged you,
________?
A. did it
B. didn
’
t it
C. did she D.
didn
’
t she
20.
—
Excuse me. I
want to have my watch fixed, but I
can
’
t find a repair shop.
—
I know ________ nearby.
Come on, I
’
ll show you.
A. one
B. it C. some
D. that
参考答案
英汉互译小练习——
①
Come on / Hurry up.
It
’
d time (for us) to go to
school.
②该他去帮助那位老人了。
③
This is the first time that
I have beaten Tom. How happy I am!
④自从我离开家乡已经三年了。时间过得真快啊！
⑤
John,
it
’
s time for you / your
turn to sing a song for us.
⑥是环境变得越来越好是我们的职责。
⑦
It
won
’
t be long before they
understand each other.
⑧很快
/<
/p>
过不了多久，一座新工厂要在我们家乡建造。
it
的用法演练场
1-5. ACACB 6-10.
ACBDC 11-15. CBADD
16-20. DDBBA
一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷
1
．
阅读理解
It was the Peter shopkeeper
in New York who taught me about the great power of
kindness.
At that time I was
a poor student. I would work early mornings and
the late nights to pay for my studies.
On the day I went to that shop for the
first time. I was sick with a very high fever. I
had been off work for a few
days, and I
had run out of food. As I had been so busy
working, I hardly had friends nearby who could
help.
So I went out to get
some food. Usually, I would have gone to the
supermarket, but because it was closer, I went
into the Peter Shop. I picked up a few
items, and then handed them to the shopkeeper, who
told me, “Girl, you are
unwell.” I
nodded.
He pointed at the
sausage (
香肠
) and bread I was
buying and offered, “l can make you a sandwich, so
you don'
t
have to do it
yourself.” So, he made the sandwich and asked me
to wait a moment. He went in the back room and
reappeared with a bowl of hot soup. “It
will warm you up,” he said with a gentle
smile.
What really warmed me
up, though, was not the soup. It was his smile.
His kindness made me feel cared for at a
point in life when I was particularly
lonely. It made me want to be as kind as the
shopkeeper who had been kind to
me. I
had been quite shy, but from that day on, I did
not let shyness stop me from performing
kindness.
（
1
）
Why
did the writer work so hard?
A.
Because
she had to pay for her studies.
B.
Because she wanted
to stay in New York.
C.
Because her friend needed
help.
D.
Because she wanted to get more
experience.
（
2
）
What was wrong with the writer
on taht day?
A.
She lost
her job.
B.
She had a terrible
cold.
C.
She
had a high fever.
D.
She lost her
money.
（
3
< br>）
What did the shopkeeper do for the
writer?
A.
Gave some bread to her.
B.
Made a sandwich for
her.
C.
Gave
some medicine to her.
D.
Gave a bowl of cold
soup to her.
（
4
）
What can we know from the
last paragraph?
A.
The writer would go
to the shop often later.
B.
The shopkeeper and the writer became
good friends.
C.
The writer was moved and wanted to be
kind to others.
D.
The shopkeeper cured
(
治愈
) the writer's
illness.
【答案】
（
1
）
A
（
2
）
C
（
3
）
B
（
4
）
C
【解析
】
【分析】短文记叙了作者有一次生病去店里买东西，遇到店员主动给她做三明治的经历
，从那以
后，作者想要做一个像店员那么善良的人。
（
1
）细节
理解题。从
. I would work early mornings and
the late nights to pay for my studies.
可
知作者这么努力
工作是想付学费，故选
A
。
（
2
）
细节理解题。从
On the day I went to that shop
for the first time. I was sick with a very high fe
ver.
可知那天
作者发高烧，故选
C
。
（
3
）细节理解题。从
“l can make you a
sandwich, so you don't have to do it yourself.”
So, he made the sandwich
and asked me
to wait a moment.
可知这个店员给她做了个三明治，故选
B
。
（
4
）段意理解题。最后一段是作者的感触，她被店员的微笑感动了，想做一个和
他一样友善的人，故选
C
。
【点评】考查对篇章的把握对细节的识别能力，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词，在文章中寻找答
案。
2
．
阅读理解
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