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不定代词和动词不定式用法小结

作者:高考题库网
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2021-02-12 02:30
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2021年2月12日发(作者:侮)


不定代词的用法



1.



代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词



2.



some



any


的区别



1




som e


多用于肯定句,


表示



一些,


几个



< p>
可修饰不可数名词和可数名词的复数形式。


any


多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中,表示



一些





可修饰不可数名词和可 数名词的复


数形式



2




在反问 句、疑问句中,表示请求、建议和希望对方得到肯定回答时,多用


some.


Would you like some beer


?你要不要来点啤酒吗?



Why didn’t you buy some sweets


?你怎么没买点糖果?



3



any


用于肯定句时


,


表示是



任何的




Come any day you like.


你哪天来都行。



3




som e


还有表示



某个


的意思



I’ll catch up with you some day


有一天我会赶上你的。



3.< /p>


复合不定代词:


something(


某 事


),


someone(


某人


),


somebody(


某人


),


anything(


任何事


),


anyone(





),


anybody(





),


noth ing(




),nobody(





),


no


one(




),


everything(


一切


), everyone(


每个人


), everybody(


每个人


).




A


:作主语时,谓语动词用单数。


Is there anything wrong with your watch?”“No, nothing is


wrong with it



B


:修饰复合不定代词的形容词或不定式一定要位于它们的后面。



This is something special.


这是种特别的东西。



Haven’t you got anything to do?


你无事可干吗?



C

< br>:一般来说,当主语是指人的复合代词,如


everybody, nobody, anybody


等时,其反意


疑问句后面的 主语通常用代词


they


;当前面句子中的复合代词指物,如< /p>


everything,


something, anything, nothing


等时,其反意疑问句后面的主语通常用代词


it


。如:





Everyone is here, aren’t they?


人都到了,是吗?





Everything is ready, isn’t it?


一切准备好了,是吗?





Somebody is waiting for me at the gate, aren’t they?


有人在门口等我,是吗?



3.



few, a few, little, a little


在用法上的区别



1



few



little


意思是



很少几个





几乎没有


”,


有否定的意思


,a few



a



little


意思是



有几个





有些


”,


有肯定的意思




few



a few


修饰可数名词或代替可数的事物


, little



a little


修饰 不可


数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。



He is very poor and he has little money.


他很穷


,


几乎没有什么 钱



Don’t worry. There is st


ill a little time left.


别着 急


,


还有一点儿时间呢



In that polar region there live few people.


在那个极地地区几乎不住人



You can get a few sweets from him.


你可以从他那儿弄到一些糖果



2



a little



little


也可以用作副词,

a little


表示



有点,稍 微




little

< br>表示



很少


< br>。



I'm a little hungry.



Let him sleep a little.



3



quite a few (


相当多


)only a few (


只有几个,几乎没有


)


< p>
4



all


< p>
both,


either


的用法



1



all


指三者或三者以上的人或物


,


用来代替或修饰可数名词或不可数 名词。


both


指两个人


或物


,


用来代替或修饰可数名词



All the food is delicious.


所有的食物都很好吃。



Her parents are both doctors.


她父母都是医生



2 )all


单独使用时,指代单数,如做主语,谓语动词用单数;指代复数,谓语动词用复 数



3


)采用



all/both + of the +


名词



的形式,其中的


of


可以省略;如果



all/both + of the +


代词



则不可以 省略



All (of) the boys are naughty.


Both of them are studying at the same school


4) either:


:表 示“两个中间的任何一个”,做主语,谓语动词用单数,



“< /p>


either...or...


”表示或者


……


或者


……


在连接并列的名词或代 词时,谓语动词与


or


后面的


主语保持 一致



either


作为“也”讲时, 要用于否定句中,而


too


则用于肯定句中。

< br>


Either you or I am right.



Either of the two boys is clever.


两个男孩都很聪明



He doesn't like Beijing opera, I don't like either.


5



ma ny



much


的用法



1



many


意思是



很多


”,


与可数名词复数连用;


much


意思是



很多


”,


与不可数名 词连用。



I don’t have many friends here .


在这里我没有很多的朋友。




Many died in the bus accident.


许多人在公交车祸中丧失



2



many


< p>
much


一般用于否定句


,


肯定句中通常用


a lot of


或者


lots of;



many / much


用于


肯定句时 可以在前面加上


so



very



too.


There are a lot of people on the playground.


操场上有许多的人



They haven’t got much work to do.



他们没有多少事情可做




There are too many people in the room.


房间里人太多了



6. other< /p>



others



the other



the others



another


ot her


:表示“其他的”


,形容词,后面修饰名词的复数形式。 如:








Some students are playing basketball, other students are playing tennis..


others


:表示“其他的”


,代词,相当于


other +


名词,常和


some


搭配使用。如:






Some students are playing football, others are playing basketball.(others=other students)


the other


:表示两个人或物中的一个,代词,常与


one


连用。如:






There are two apples. One is green, the other is red.



the others


:表 示范围内的另一些(范围总数通常多于两个个),代词




There are 40 students in our class, three are American, the others are Chinese.



another


:表示三者或三者以 上的另一个,形容词或代词,后常接名词单数。如:





I have eaten an apple, but I still want another(apple)


I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker.



我有个女儿。一个是护士,另一个是教师,还有一个是工人。



7. neither, none


neither



A


:表示否定,“两者都不”,谓语动词用单 数。



B



n either...nor...


既不


……

也不


……


在连接并列的名词或代词时,谓语动词与


nor


后面的主语保持一致。



Neither of his parents helps him




他的父母谁也没帮助他。



Neither the twins nor I am interested English



none



A


:表示三个或三个以上的



都不



,谓语动词可以用单数,也可以用复数。



None of the answers areis right.


所有的答案都不对。



None of my friends are/is likely to come








B




How many


提问的句子的否定回答中的简略语是


None.


如:


How many books are


there? None.



who


提问的句子的否定回答中的简略说法是


no one.


如:


Who won the game?




No one.


8



one



ones


one


只能替代单数名词,


one


的复数形式


ones


只能替代复数名词。



1. it

代替前面提到的同一事物


,


该事物既可以是可数名词也可以 是不可数名词。




The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, ______?



A. did they


B. didn't they


C. did it


D. didn't it



2.


one


代替前面提到的同类事物中的一个。该事物只能是可数名词


,


前面可以有冠词


,


也可以


< p>
this



that


或形 容词修饰


,


其后也可以有定语。




-Why don't we have a little break?



-Didn't we just have________?



A. it B. that C. one D. this



3. tha t


代替前面提到的同类事物中特指的一个。


该事物既可以是可数 名词也可以是不可数名



,


要有后置定 语


,


但不可以有前置修饰语。




Few pleasures can equal ________ of a cool drink on a hot day.



A. some


B. any


C. that


D. those



My child doesn”t like this book



Show her a more interesting one


9. every



each


用法:



A



each


可作代词和形容词,而


every


只能用作形容词。



Every one of us should do housework two hours a day.


B



ea ch


可指两个或两个以上中间的每一个,


every


只可指三个或三个以上中间的每一个。



There are trees on each side of the street.







动词不定式用法小结




动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为“


to

< br>+动词原形”


,其中


to


不是介 词,而是


动词不定式的符号,


称为小品词,

动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。


动词不定式和其后面的


名 词等构成不定式短语,在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。




1.


动词不定在句中的语法功能



(1)< /p>


动词不定式


(短语)


作主语





To love is to be loved.


爱别人就是被人爱。



To teach is to give.


教书就是奉献。




注意




1< /p>


)在口语中,动词不定式作主语时常用形式主语


it


,而真正的主语则被置于句子后部。




It always pays to be honest.


老实不吃亏。



It is of great importance to solve the housing problem.


解决住房问题是很重要的。




It will take me three hours to do this job.


干这个工作我花了三个小时。




2


)假如动词不定式要带逻辑主语, 则需用介词


of



for

< p>
来引导。



It is really important for students to learn English well.


对学生们来说,学好英语很重要。




It is stupid of John to help such a shameless girl.


约翰真傻,


竟去帮助这样一 个无耻的女孩。



用于介词


of


结构的形容词有:


good,


nice,


kind,


bad,


cruel,


wicked,


clever,


bright,


wise,


silly,


foolish, stupid, selfless, sensible, selfish, insensible, polite, fair, generous, rude, unfair, mean


等。


这些形容词主要表示做这件事的人的品格或素质。



能用于介词


for


结构的形容词有:


important, necessary, impossible, better, worse, easy, difficult


heavy, light


等。



3


)在疑问句或感叹句中


,


要用


it


来作主语


.



Is it worth our while to hold such a long meeting?


值得我们开这样长时间的会吗


?


What good news it is for me to hear that my brother has got his visa (['viz


?


]


n.



签证


) to America




对我来说


,


听到弟弟拿到去美国的签证该是多好的消息啊


!


(2)


动词不定式(短语)


作宾语



I will leave it to you to make the final decision.


我将由你来做最后的决定。



She decided to quit her job at last.


最后,她决定辞职。



I hope to see you soon.


我希望很快见


到你。



注意




1




在以下 这些动词后面只能跟动词不定式(短语)作宾语:


afford, agree, aim, ask,


claim, choose, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, hope, manage, offer, plan, pretend,


promise, refuse, resolve, threaten, wish, want


等。


然而以下动词后面既可跟动词不定式


(短语)

< br>又可跟动名词(短语)


,


但意思有的有差别,有的相同:


attempt,


begin,


continue,


deserve,

disdain([d


?


s'dein]

< br>vt.


不屑


), dread, endure, fear, forget, hate, help, intend, learn, like, love, mean,


need, neglect, omit([


?


u'mit]


vt.


< /p>


遗漏


;


省略


;< /p>


删去


), prefer, proceed([pr

< p>
?


'si:d]


开始


,< /p>


着手


,


出发


[+ to-v]),


propose,regret,remember,start,b egin,try,want


等。



He disdains going to the cinema.


他不屑于去看电影。


He disdains to sit with people like us.



不屑与我们这等人同席而坐。



He neglected to write and say 'Thank you.'


他因疏忽而未写信道谢。



Don't neglect writing to your mother.


别忘了给你母亲写信。




2


)在


should (would) like, love, prefer


等之后必须用动词不定式(短语)




I'd like to give you a big hand.


我想用掌声欢迎您。


I'd love to come to China again someday



愿意来日再访中国。



3


)在下列及物动词后一般可跟


疑问词



+


动词不定式短语





advise, ask, decide, find out, instruct, know, forget, imagine, learn, observe, remember, tell, think,


understand, wonder


等。



I don't know what to do.


我不知道该怎么办。


The children are learning how to play the game.



子们在学做游戏。




(3)


动词不定式(短语)作表语



The most important thing for the United states to do now is to rescue the wounded.


现在,对美国


来说,最重要的是抢救伤员。



注意:


1


)动词不定式(短语)作表语,可用主 动形式表示被动含义的结构有


to blame, to let.



Who is to blame?


谁该受到责备?




The house is to let.


该房屋出租。


Suspects are still to find


out.


凶手还有待查明。




2



be to

含有按计划,按排命令将做的事或应该,可能,注定将发生的事。



We are to meet once a week.


我们按计划将一个月碰一次头。


(安排)




When is the examination to be held?


考试按规定什么时候举行?(计划或规定)



You are to come at once.



你得按指令马上来。


(命令)






What is to be done?


应该怎么办?



(应该)



The key is nowhere to be found.


哪儿也找不到钥匙。


(可能)



Am I never to see her again?


难道我就永远见不到她了吗?(注定)



(4)


动词不定式(短语)


作宾语补 足语


或在被动语态中


作主语补足语




宾语与其宾补或主语与其主补形成逻辑上的主谓关系。



We'd love you to give us a hand.


我们想让你帮个忙。


He was made to repair the broken chair.



他修理弄坏的椅子。



She was seen to draw a wonderful picture.


有人见她作了幅美丽的画儿。



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