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独立主格结构
独立
主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、
形容词、
< br>副词或介词
短语构成的一种独立主格成分。
With
的复合结构可以看作是独立主格结构中的一种形式。
一、独立主格结构的特点
1
）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2
）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关
系。
3
）独立主格结构一般有逗号与
主句分开。
The test finished, we
began our holiday.
= When
the test was finished, we began our
holiday.
二、独立主格结构的构成
:
名词普通格或代词主格
+
现在分词
/
过去分词
/
不定式
/
名词
/
形容词
/
副词
/
介词短语。
1
．名词（或代词）
+ doing<
/p>
（
doing
表示前面的名词或代词主动
进行的动作或状态）
The guide leading
the way, we had no trouble getting out of the
forest.
向导领着路，我们毫不费力地走出了森林。
He seating himself at the desk, his
mother began to tell him a story.
注意：系动词
be
也可以用分词形式的独立结构。
It
being
National
Day
today,
the
streets
are
very
crowded.
=As
it
is
National
Day
today,
the
streets
are
very
crowded.)
There
being
no
further
business
to
discuss,
we
all
went
home.
=As
there
was
no
further
business
to
discuss,
we
all
went
home.)
没有别的事可讨论
,
我们都回家了。
【注意】
（
1
）现在分词
being
在独立主格结
构中可以省略。
The weather
（
being
）
fine,
we decided to go on an
outing.
（
2
）独立主格结构中的
being
在下列两种情况下一般
不能省略：
在
“There
being +
名词
”
结构中，
There being no buses, we had
to walk home.
在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。
It
being Sunday, all the offices are
closed.
2
．名词（或代词）
+
不定式（短语）
（不定式表示将来的动作）
He
suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the
food.
Many
flowers
and
grass
to
be
planted,
our
newly
-
built
school
will
look
even
more
beautiful.
3
．名词（或代词）
+done
（
done
表被动完成的动作）
The girls lay on her back, her
hands crossed under her head.
The workers worked still harder, their
living conditions greatly improved.
He was listening attentively in class,
his eyes fixed on the blackboard.
4
【区分】
to
do
表示动作没有发生或即将发生
done
表示被动或动作已经结束
<
/p>
doing
往往表示正在进行的主动动作。
The manager looks worried, many
things to be settled.
The
manager looks relaxed, many things
settled.
The man lay there,
his hands trembling.
4
．名词（或代词
+
形容词
/
副词
（说明前面名词或代词的性质、状态）
The floor wet, we had to stay outside
for a while.
He turned to
me, his eyes sleepy.
The
meeting over, we all went home.
6
．名词（或代词）
+
介词短语
A robber
burst into the room, knife in hand.
He left the office, tears in
eyes.
【注意】
在
“
逻辑主语
+
介词短语
”
构成的独立主格结构里，
如果名词用单数
,
可以不用冠词，
同时介词短语里的限定词也可以省略。但
with
的复合结构不能省略。
The
music
teacher
stood
at
the
door,
violin
in
hand.
=
a
violin
in
his
hand.
The teacher
came in, with a book in his hand.
三、独立主格结构的作用：
多用作状语
1.
表示时间
Her homework
done
（
=After her homework was
done
）
，
Mary
decided to go shopping.
2.
表示原因
There being no
buses
（
=Because there were no
buses
）
，
we had to
walk home.
3.
表示条件
Weather
permitting
（
=If weather
permits
）
，
we’ll go
to play basketball.
Everything
taken
into
consideration,
the
plan
seems
to
be
more
practical.
=
If
everything
is
taken
into
consideration,
the
plan
seems
to
be
more
practical.)
如果从各方面考虑
,
你的计划似乎更实际些。
【注意
】表示时间、原因、条件的独立主格结构一般放在句首
,
并且不能保留连词。
When
class
being
over,
the
students
left
their
classroom.
（
x
）
Class
(being)
over,
the
students
left
their
classroom.
The
moon
appearing
and
they
continued
their
way.
（
x
）
The
moon
appearing,
they
continued
their
way.
月亮出来了
,
他们继续赶路。
4.
表示方式或伴随
He sat at the table, head
down.
Two
hundred
people
died
in
the
accident,
many
of
them
children.
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