关键词不能为空

当前您在: 主页 > 英语 >

英语定语从句用法总结(完整)

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-02-12 02:29
tags:

-

2021年2月12日发(作者:auditor)


[


编辑本段


]


定语从句及相关术语



1.


定语从句:





定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词 引导的从句,


其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个


名词性成分,相当 于形容词,所以又称为


形容词性从句


,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先 行


词后面。




2.


关系词:





引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词 ,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有


that,


which,


who,


whom,


whose,


as


等,绝对没有


WHAT


;关系副词有


where,


w


hen,


why

< br>等。关系词常有


3


个作用:






①连接作用,引导定语从句。






②代替主句中的先行词,甚至可能 是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。






③在定语从句中充当一句子成分。






注:关 系代词有主语、宾语之分。一般


whom


作为宾语。

< p>



3.


定语:





定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、 限定作用的词、短


语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,汉语中常用< /p>


‘……




表示 。


主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,


分词


,副词,不定式以及


介词短语



可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,

作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。




4


、先行词:





被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。




[


编辑本段


]


关系代词引导的定语从句举例





关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中 充当主语、宾语、


定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和 数要和先行词


保持一致。




1



who,


whom,


that




这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,

who


做主语指人,


whom


作宾 语指人,


that


既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略), 可以指人也可以指物。在从句中所


起作用如下:






(1)


Is


he


the


man


who/that


wants


to


see


you?


他就是想见你的人吗?


(< /p>


wh


o/that


在从句中作主语)






(2)


He


is


the


man


whom/


that


I


saw


yesterday.


他就是我昨天见的那个人。

< p>


whom/that


在从句中作宾语)




2



Whose


用来指人或物





(


只用作定语


,


若指物,它还可以同


of


which


互换,指人的时候也可以用


of


w


hom


代替)






(1)


They


rushed


over


to


help


the


man


whose


car


had


broken


down.



人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。






(2)


Please


pass


me


the


book


whose


(of


which)


color


is


green.



请递给


我那本绿皮的书。




3




which,


that




它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语 、宾语等,作宾语


时可以省略,例如:






(1)


A


prosperity


which


/


that


had


never


been


seen


before


appears


in


th


e


countryside.


农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(


which


/


that


在句中作主语)






(2)


The


package


(which


/


that)


you


are


carrying


is


about


to


come


unwra


pped.


你拿的包快散了。


(which


/


that


在句中作宾语)






4




as






as


可以做主语,也可以作宾语,作宾语时可以省略,指人或者物。




[


编辑本段


]


限定性定语从句



一、关系代词(在句中作主语、宾语或定语)





1.


t hat


既可代表事物也可代表人,


which

< br>代表事物;


它们在从句中作主语或宾语,


that


在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,


which


在从句中作宾语也可以省略。


[eg



T


his


is


the


book



which



you


want.]





2


而且, 如果


which


在从句中作



不及物动词+介词



的介词的宾语,注意介词不


要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词


which


的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置






3.


代 表物时多用


which


,但在下列情况中用

that


而不用


which







a)


先行词是


anything,


everything,


nothing


,


none



不定代词


时;






b)


先行词由


every,


any,


all,


some,


no,


little,


few,


much


等修饰时,这时的


th


at


常被省略;






c)


先行 词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时;






d)


先行词就是序数词或最高级时;






e)


先行词中既有人又有物时;






f)< /p>


整个句中前面已有


which


时;






g)


当先行词为物并作表语时。






4.


who



whom

引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,


whom

作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语






5.


whose


是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的 前置所有格


.


它引


导的从句可以修饰人 和物


,


当它引导的从句修饰物体时


,


可以与



of


which


调换


,

< br>表


达的意思一样。




二、关系副词(在句中作状语)





关系副词


=


介词


+


关系代词






why=for


which





where=in/


at/


on/


...


which


(


介词同先行词搭配


)





when=during/


on/


in/


...


which


(


介词同先行词搭配


)





1.


where


是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句。

< p>





2.


when


引导定语从句表示时间 [注]值得一提的是,表示时间


“time


一词的定

< p>
语从句只用


when


引导,有时不用任何关系代词 ,当然也不用


that


引导。






By


the


time


you


arrived


in


London,


we


had


stayed


there


for


two


weeks.






I


still


remember


the


first


time


I


met


her.





Each


time


he


goes


to


business


trip,


he


brings


a


lot


of


living


necessities,



such


as


towels,


soap,


toothbrush


etc







3.


当从句的逻辑主语是


some,


any,


no,


somebody,


anybody,


nobody,


some


thing,


anything,


everything

< br>或


nothing


时,常用


th ere


is


来引导






There


is


somebody


here


who


wants


to


speak


to


you.


这里有人要和你说


话。




[


编辑本段


]


非限定性定语从句






限定性定语从句

< br>的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,


通常是引导词和先行

词之间用


逗号


隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立






1.


which


引导的非限定性定语 从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部







2.< /p>


当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和


指示代词


所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是


非限制性的,例如:






Charles


Smith,


who


was


my


former


teacher,


retired


last


year.


查理


·

< br>史密


斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。






My


house,


which


I


bought


last


year,


has


got


a


lovely


garden.



我去年买


的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。






This


novel,


which


I


have


read


three


times,


is


very


touching.


这本小说很


动人,我已经读了三遍。






3.< /p>


非限制性定语从句


还能将整个主句作为先行词

,


对其进行修饰


,


这时从句谓 语


动词要用第三人称单数,例如:






He


seems


not


to


have


grasped


what


I


meant,


which


greatly


upsets


me.



他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。






Liquid


water


changes


to


vapor,


which


is


called


evaporation.


液态水变为


蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。






4.


有时


as


也可用作关系代词

< p>





5.


在非限定性定语从句中,不能用关系副词


why


和关系代词


that


, 而用


who,


whom


代表人,用< /p>


which,whose


代表事物,如果需要用

< br>why







可用


for


which


代替


.







p.s:


which


引导非限定性定 语从句其后不可省略成分,


as


可以




[


编辑本段


]


关系代词引导的定语从句




指人在从句中做主语





(1)


The


boys


who


are


playing


football


are


from


Class


One.


在踢足球的


男孩们是一班的


.





(2)


Yesterday


I


helped


an


old


man


who


lost


his


way.


昨天,

< p>
我帮助了一个


迷路的老人


.



2.


whom


指人





在定语从句中充当宾语,常省略。 (注:


who



whom


已无太大区别,基本可


以通用。唯一区别是


who< /p>


可以做主语而


whom


不可以。)






(1)


Mr.


Liu


is


the


person


(whom)


you


talked


with


on


the


bus.


刘先生就


是在公交车上和你 聊天的那个人


.





(2)


Mr.


Ling


is


just


the


boy(whom)I


want


to


see.


凌先生恰巧就是我想见的


那个男孩


.





(3)


The


man


who/whom


you


met


just


now


is


my


friend.


你刚刚见到的那


个人就是我的朋友


.





注意: 关系代词


whom


在口语和非正式语体中常用

< br>who


代替,可省略。






如果在从句中做宾语


,


就用


whom



who.


比如


:


He


is


the


man


whom/who


I


t


alk


to.


他就是那个和我聊天的男人


.





如果是在从句中作主语就只能用< /p>


who.


比如


:


He


is


the


man


who


has


an


Engl


ish


book.


他就是那个有英语书的男人


.



3.


whose


通常指人,也可指物





在定语从句中做定语。






(1)


He


has


a


friend


whose


father


is


a


doctor.





(2)


I


once


lived


in


a


house


whose


roof


has


fallen < /p>



指物时,常用


以下结构来代替

< p>





(3)


The


classroom


whose


door


is


broken


will


soon


be


repaired.





(4)


The


classroom


the


door


of


which


is


broken


will


soon


be


repaired.





(5)


Do


you


like


the


book


whose


color


is


yellow?





(6)


Do


you


like


the


book


the


color


of


which


is


yellow?




指物





在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。






(1)


Football


is


a


game


which


is


liked


by


most


boys.


足球是大多数男孩都


喜欢的游戏


.





(2)


This


is


the


pen


(which)


he


bought


yesterday.


这是他昨天刚买的钢笔


.



5.


that


指人时





相当于


w ho


或者


whom


;指物时,相当于< /p>


which







在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。






(5)


The


number


of


the


people


that/who


come


to


visit


the


city


each


year



rises


one


million.





(6)


Where


is


the


man


that/whom


I


saw


this


morning?



[


编辑本段


]


关系副词引导的定语从句



1.


when


指时间





在定语从句中做时间状语






(1)


I


still


remember


the


day


when


I


first


came


to


the


school.





(2)


The


time


when


we


got


together


finally


came.



2.


where


指地点





在定语从句中做地点状语






(1)


Shanghai


is


the


city


where


I


was


born.





(2)


The


house


where


I


lived


ten


years


ago


has


been


pulled


down.



3.


why


指原因





在定语从句中做原因状语






(1)


Please


tell


me


the


reason


why


you


missed


the


plane.





(2)


I


don’t


know


the


reason


why


he


looks


unhappy


today.





注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由



介词


+


关系代词



引导的从句替换






(1)


The


reason


why/


for


which


he


refused


the


invitation


is


not


clear,





(2)


From


the


year


when/in


which


he


was


going


to


school


he


began


to


k


now


what


he


wanted


when


he


grew


up.



[


编辑本段


]


介词和关系代词





1


)介词后面的关系词不能省略。






2



that


前不能有介词。






3




某些在 从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的



介词


+


关系词



结构可以同关系

< p>
副词


when


,where



why


互换。







This


is


the


house


in


which


I


lived


two


years


ago.







This


is


the


house


where


I


lived


two


years


ago.







Do


you


remember


the


day


on


which


you


joined


our


club?







Do


you


remember


the


day


when


you


joined


our


club?





This


is


the


reason


why


he


came


late.





This


is


the


reason


for


which


he


came


late.





介词


+< /p>


关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时






从句常 由介词


+


关系代词引导






当介词 放在关系代词前面时,关系代词只能用


whick/whom




介词


+which/who


m


且不能省略。但当介词位于末尾时可用


tha t/which/who/whom.


作介词的宾语,且


可以省 略。例如:






(1)


The


school


(that/which)


he


once


studied


in


is


very


famous.


h


可以省略






=


The


school


in


which


he


once


studied


is


very


famous.


不可省略






(2)


Tomorrow


I


will


bring


here


a


magazine


(that/which)


you


asked


for.





=


Tomorrow


I


will


bring


here


a


magazine


for


which


you


asked.





(3)


We’ll


go


to


hear


the


famous


singer


(whom/that/who)


we


have


often


t


alked


about.





=


We’ll


go


to


hear


the


famous


singer


about


whom


we


have


often


talked.






注意:






1.


含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:


look


for,


look


after,


take


care


of







T


This


is


the


watch


which/that


I


am


looking


for.


(T


=正确


)





F


This


is


the


watch


for


which


I


am


looking.


(F


=错误


)





2.


若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用


whom

< p>
,不可用


who


或者


th at



指物时用


which

< p>
,不能用


that


;关系代词是所有格时用


whose





(1)


The


man


with


whom


you


talked


is


my


friend.


(T)





The


man


with


that


you


talked


is


my


friend.


(F)





(2)


The


plane


in


which


we


flew


to


Canada


is


very


comfortable.


(T)





The


plane


in


that


we


flew


in


to


Canada


is


very


comfortable.


(F)





3.



介词


+


关系代词



前可有


some,


any,


none,


both,


all,


neither,


most,


each,



few


等代词或者数词






(1)


He


loved


his


parents


deeply,


both


of


whom


are


very


kind


to


him.





(2)


In


the


basket


there


are


quite


many


apples,


some


of


which


have


gon


e


bad.





(3)


There


are


forty


students


in


our


class


in


all,


most


of


whom


are


from



big


cities.



关系代词





关系代词(一般情况下)


that


可用


who


,whom

< p>


which


在从句做主语,谓动


词的宾语,但是不能做介词的宾语。






which


指物,在从句中作主语,谓语或宾语;






who


在从句中作主语;






whom


在从句中宾语;






whe re


在从句中修饰表地点的名词,做地点状语;






whe n


在从句中通常修饰表时间的名词,做时间状语;






why


在从句中做原因状语,先行词通常是






有时


wh y


也可用


for+which


代替。< /p>






例:


A


doctor


is


a


person



who


looks


after


people's


health.





主语



谓语



先行词



定语从句修饰先行词




判断介词和关系代词


-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



本文更新与2021-02-12 02:29,由作者提供,不代表本网站立场,转载请注明出处:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao/640525.html

英语定语从句用法总结(完整)的相关文章