-
英语冠词用法归纳总结
一、零冠词考点聚焦
1.
不用冠词的情况
(
1
)专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等
名词前,一般不加冠词。
China , America,
Smith
Air is matter.
(
2
)可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时,不加冠词。<
/p>
This dictionary is mine.
(
3
)季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日
三餐名称前一般不加冠词。
March, May Day,
National Day, Children’s Day, Women’s
Day
Have you had supper?
Spring is the best season of the year.
(
4
)称呼语或指家用雇用的
nurse
、
cook
等名词前及表示头衔职务的名词作宾语、补语及
同位语时,一般不加冠词。
What’s this, Father? We made him
our chairman.
Ask nurse to
put the child to bed. Professor Li.
(
p>
5
)学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。
Do you study physics?
He
likes playing football/chess.
(
< br>6
)复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时前不用冠词。
They are peasants/ workers.
(
7
)在与
by
连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。
by car, by
bus,by bike, by train, by air/ water/ land
但:
take a bus, come in a
boat, on the train/ bus
需注意。
(
8
)某些固定词组中不用冠词。
p>
①名词词组中:
husband and wife, brother and sister,
body and soul, day and night, knife and fork
②介词词组中:
to(at,
from) school, in (to)class, in (to,at, from)univer
sity
(
college
)
,to
(
in,
into,
from
)
church, to(in,into, out
of)prison(hospital, bed), to(at, from, out
of)work, to(in, from) town,at
(from)home, to(at)sea, at night(noon, midnight),
by
car (bus, bicycle, plane), on foot
注意:在有些词组中,有无冠词含义不同。
in hospital
住院(因病)
in the
hospital
在医院(工作、参观等)
in front
of
在前面,指某物体之外
in
the front of
在前部,指某物之内
in charge
负责,主管
out of question
没问题
in the
charge
由……负责
out of the
question
不可能
(
9
)
as
引导的让步状
语从句中,作表语的名词不带冠词。
Child as
she is, she knows a lot of French.
(
10
)系动词
turn
(作“变成”解)后作表语的单数可数名词前习惯不用冠词。
The young girl has turned writer.
= The young girl has become a writer. <
/p>
(
11
)在单数名词
+ after +
同一单数名词(表示“一个接一个”)结构中,单数可数名
词前不加冠词。
She did
experiment after experiment.
类似的还有:
shop after shop,
mistake after mistake
(
12
)形容词的最高级前、序数词前也有不用定冠词的情况。
①“most +
形容词原级”作“十分、非常、极”解时,前面不用定冠词。
Oh, it’s most beautiful.
②当两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时,第二个形容词前通常不用定冠词。
She is the tallest and fattest
girl in our school.
③当形容词最高级作表语,不表示与其他人
或物相比时,其前不用定冠词。
The market in
the country is busiest in winter.
④形容词最高级前有名词所有格或物主代词时,不能用定冠词。
A wolf in a sheep’s skin is our most
dangerous enemy.
⑤序数词前面一般加定冠
词表示“第……”之意,
但在
second
、
third
等词前加不定冠词表
示“又一,再一”之意。
…why you took a
second
arrow
注意:下句中“a
first”表示“第一名、冠军”。
He is a
top student in our class, he often gets a first in
maths.
(
13
)
no
与
such
连用时应放
在
such
之前,
such
后面的名词不用冠词。
No such
thing has ever happened in this village.
(
14
)
never
、
ever
置于作主语的名词前,这些名词前不用冠
词。
Never did student study
so hard.
这个学生从未学得这么认真。
(
15
)有时为了节省空间、时间、金钱和精力,或
为了引起注意力,省去
a(n)
或
th
e,
这主
要用于新闻标题、工商业文件、广告、电报、公告、提
纲、书名等。
Conference
opens.
会议召开了。
2.
不用冠词的情况快速回顾:
1)
国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:
England
,
Mary
;
2
)泛指的复数名
词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词;
They are teachers.
他们是教师。
3
)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词;
Failure is the
mother of success.
失败乃成功之母。
4
)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常
不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词;
Man cannot live without
water.
人离开水就无法生存。
5
)在季节、月份、节日、
假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词;
We go to school from
Monday to Friday.
我们从星期一到星期五都上课。
<
/p>
6
)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词;
The guards took the
American to General Lee.
士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。
7
)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的
名称前,不加冠词
如:
have
breakfast
,
play
chess
8
)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词;
I can't write without pen
or pencil.
没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。
9
)当
by
与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词;
by
bus
,
by
train
;
10
)有些个体名词不用冠词;如:
school
,
< br>college
,
prison
,
market
,
hospital<
/p>
,
bed
,
ta
ble
,
class
,
town
,
church
,<
/p>
court
等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义;
go
to hospital
去医院看病
go to the
hospital
去医院
(
并不是去看病,而是有其他目的
)
11)
不用冠词的序数词;
a.
序数词前有物主代词
b.
序数词作副词
He came first in the race.
c.
在固定词组中
at (the) first,first of all,
from first to last
二、定冠词考点聚焦
1
)定冠词的使用情况
(
1
)使用定冠词的一般情况。
①特指或第二次提到。
②序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的东西前。
③用于表示发明物的单数名词前或某些专有名词前。
(
2
)定冠词使用特殊的场合。
① He hit him in the
face.
beat
sb.
on
the
nose,
take
sb.
by
the
arm,
pat
sb.
on
the
head②
the
rich,
the
poor,
the
wounded
富人,穷人,伤员
③ the elder of the two, he more
beautiful of the two
两者中较年长的一位,较漂亮
的一个
④ The sooner, the
better.越快越好。
⑤ He got paid
by the hour.他是按小时付工钱的。
by
the yard/the dozen/the month/the year…
但:
by
weight
按重量
⑥ in
the 50s /in the 1870s(表示年代)
⑦ the Smiths/the
W
hites
(表示一家人或夫妇俩)
⑧ in the water/field/light/shade/distan
ce/middle/country/rain
⑨
tell the truth/on the other hand/on the way
home
⑩
当抽象名词表示某一特定内容,特别是当它有一限定性修饰语时,
它与定冠词连用:
She is
fond of music.
He is playing the music
written by Beethoven.
Good advice is
beyond price.
I’m sorry not to have
taken the advice he gave.
2
)定冠词使用范围快速回顾:
p>
定冠词
the
与指示代词
< br>this
,
that
同源,有<
/p>
那(这)个
的意
思,但较弱,可以和一个名
词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。
1
)特指双方都明白的人或物:
Take the
medicine.
把药吃了。
2
)上文提到过的人或事:
He bought a
house.
I've been to the house.
他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。