unit 10课后练习答案

The Sad Young Men

习题答案

/answer

Ⅰ

.

１

. Harold E. (Edmond) Stearns (1891--1943), in Am

erica and the Young

Intellectuals(1921),stated

the

credo of

the post-war generation in the United States,

which

，

he said

，

point of contem

pt, the type of people who dom

inate in our present civilization

definitive statem

ent of the attitude appeared in the sym

posium that he edited,

Civilization in the United States: An Enquiry by Thirty Am

ericans (1922). With his

return from

expatriation from

France and growing awareness of social action in

place of escape, described in The Street I know (1935), he prepared a new

manifesto, Am

erica :A Re-Appraisal (1937), again a symposium by leading critics.

(Note: There is a misprint in Exercise I. The nam

e

“

Stearn

should be

“

Stearns

”

. )

2. Gertrude Stein (1874--1946): an American author and patron of the arts. A

celebrated personality, she encouraged, aided, and influenced -- through her

patronage as well as through her writing -- m

any literary and artistic figures. In

1902 she went abroad and from 1903 until her death lived chiefly in Paris. In Paris,

Stein becam

e interested in modern art m

ovements; she encouraged and purchased

the work of m

any new painters, including Picasso and Matisse. During the 1920s she

was the leader of a cultural salon, which included such writers as Hemingway,

Sherwood Anderson, F. Scott Fitzgerald, all of whose works she influenced. It was

she who first coined the phrase

expatriates. During World War

Ⅱ

she remained in France, and after the war

her

Paris home becam

e a meeting plac

e for Am

erican soldiers. Stein's own innovative

writing emphasizes the sounds and rhythms rather than the sense of words.

By

departing from conventional m

eaning, grammar, and syntax, she attem

pted to

capture

oments of consciousness

e and memory. Som

e of

her best known works are: Three Lives(1909), The Making of Americans (1925),

Autobiography of Alice 13. Toklas (1933) (her own autobiography presented as that

of her secretary companion).

3. Ernest Hemingway (1899-- 1961): an American novelist and short story writer,

one of the great Am

erican writers of the 20th century. Hemingway's fiction usually

focuses on people living essential, dangerous lives - soldiers, fishermen, athletes,

bullfighters -- who m

eet the pain and difficulty of their existence with stoic

courage.

His celebrated literary style, influenced by Ezra Pound and Gertrude Stein, is direct,

terse and often m

onotonous, yet particularly suited to his elem

ental subject m

atter.

During World War I he served as an ambulance driver in France and in the Italian

infantry and was wounded just before his 19th birthday. Later, while working in

Paris as correspondent for the Toronto Star, he becam

e involved with the expatriate

circle surrounding Gertrude Stein. With the publication of The Sun Also Rises (1926),

he was recognized as the spokesm

an of the

Stein). The novel concerns a group of psychologically bruised, disillusioned

expatriates living in post-war Paris, who take psychic refuge in such immediate

physical activities as eating, drinking, travelling, brawling and lovemaking. During

the Spanish Civil War, Hemingway served as a correspondent on the loyalist side;

from

this experience cam

e his great novel For Whom

the Bell Tolls (1940), which, in

detailing an incident in the war, argues for human brotherhood. Hemingway fought

in World War

Ⅱ

and then settled in Cuba in 1945. His novelette The Old Man and

the Sea (1952) celebrates the indomitable courage of an aged Cuban fisherman. In

1954, Hemingway was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature. After his expulsion

from

Cuba by the Castro regime, he m

oved to Idaho. He was increasingly plagued

by ill health and diminishing mental faculties, and in July, 1961, he committed

suicide by shooting himself. Som

e of his other well-known works are: A Farewell to

Arms (1929), Death in the Afternoon (1932),

such volum

es of short stories as Men without Wom

en (1927),Winner Take Nothing

(1933) and the First Forty-nine Stories (1938).

Ⅱ

.

e they visited speakeasies, denounced Puritan m

orality, etc. (See para.

1).

2.

by a Younger Generation Problem,

perspective as being som

ething considerably less sensationa

l than the degeneration

of jazzm

ad youth.

3. Yes. Youth was fac

ed with the challenge of changing the standards of social

behavior, of rejecting Victorian gentility. But in America the young people tried to

escape their respons

ibilities and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholic

sophistication and a pose of Bohemia

n immorality.

4. Because of the conditions in the age. First of all, the rebellion affected the

entire Western world. Second, people in the United States realized their country was

no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that they could no longer take

refuge in isolationism.

5. All the activities m

entioned above were m

eans to help the young people to

escape their more serious responsibilities of changing society and m

ost young

people went in for these activities. It becam

e a general pattern of behavior.

6. The war whipped up their energies but destroyed their naivete. It m

ade them

cynical.

They

could not fit

them

selves into postwar society so

they rebelled and tried

to overthrow com

pletely the genteel standards of behavior.

7. Intellectuals and non-intellectuals began to imitate the pattern of life set by

those living in Greenwich Village. These people lived a Bohemian and eccentric life.

They defied the law and flouted all social conventions. They attacked the war,

Babbittry, and

8. These young intellectuals wanted Am

erica to becom

e m

ore sensitive to art and

culture, less avid for material gain, and less susceptible to standardization.

9. Because there

only care for money and wealth. Only in Europe will they be able to find remedy for

their sensitive minds.

10. They were called the

troubled and worried and had emigrated to Europe. But they were never really lost

for they finally returned to Am

erica and produced the liveliest, freshest, m

ost

stim

ulating works in Am

erica's litera

ry experience.

Ⅲ

.

1. The structural organization of this essay is clear and simple. The essay divides

logically into paragraphs with particular functions: to introduce the subject

(introduction) in paragraph 1, to support and develop the thesis (the body or the

middle) in paragraphs 2 through 9, to bring the discussion to an end (conclusion)in

paragraphs 10 and 11.

2. Horton and Edwards state their thesis in the last paragraph of the essay:

intellectuals of the Twenties, the

en

them

, cursed their luck but didn't die; escaped but voluntarily returned; flayed the

Babbitts but loved their country, and in so doing gave the nation the liveliest,

freshest, m

ost stimulating writing in its literary experience.

3. They support their thesis by providing historical m

aterial concerning the revolt

of the younger generation of the twenties in a series of paragraphs and paragraph

units between the introduction and conclusion.

4. Yes. Each paragraph or paragraph unit develops a new but related aspect of

the thought stated in the thesis. Frequently the first sentence of these middle

paragraphs states clearly the m

ain idea of the m

aterial that follows and indicates a

new but related stage of the developing thought. For example: The rejection of

Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable (paragraph 3). The rebellion started

with World War I (paragraph 5). Greenwich Village set the pattern (paragraph 7).

Meanwhile the true intellectuals were far from

flatt

ered (paragraph 9).

5. The two paragraphs form a single unit. The writers begin with a clearly stated

main idea -- Greenwich Village set the pattern and use paragraph 1 to explain

Greenwich Village to the reader, following in paragraph 2 with supporting m

aterial

showing how the rest of the country imitated life in the

t' s choice.

t' s choice.

Ⅳ

.

the very m

ention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think

about it longingly.

any case, an Am

erican could not avoid casting aside its m

iddle-class

respectability and affected refinem

ent.

war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social

structure.

4. In America at least, the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their

responsibilities. They pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving

naughtily.

young people found greater pleasure in their drinking because Prohibition,

by m

aking drinking unlawful added a sense of adventure.

young m

en joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.

young people wanted to take part in the glorious adventure before the

whole war ended.

8. These young people could no longer adapt them

selves to lives in their home

towns or their families.

9. The returning veteran also had to face Prohibition which the lawm

akers

hypocritically assumed would do good to the people.

10. (Under all this force and pressure) something in the youth of Am

erica, who

were already very tense, had to break down.

11. It was only natural that hopeful young writers whose minds and writings

were filled with violent anger against war, Babbit

try, and

should com

e in great numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic

centre.

12. Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lived

unconventional lives.

Ⅴ

. See the translation of the text.

Ⅵ

.

1. flapper: (Americanism) (in the 1920s) a young woman considered bold and

unconventional in action and dress

2. provincial: narrow, limited like that of rural provinces

3. code: any set of principles or rules of conduct; a m

oral code

4. Prohibition: the forbidding by law of the m

anufacture, transportation, and sale

of alcoholic liquors for beverage purposes, specifically in the U. S., the period

(1920-1933) of prohibition by Federal law

5. agent: an active force or substance producing an effect , e.g. , a chem

ical

agent

6. orgy: any wild, riotous, licentious m

errymaking; debauchery

7. Greenwich Village : section of New York City, on the lower west side of

Manhattan: noted as a center for artists, writers, etc.

8. draft : the choosing or taking of an individual or individuals from a group for

som

e special purpose, especially for com

pulsory military service

9. distinction: the quality that m

akes one seem superior or worthy of special

recognition

10. action: m

ilitary combat in general

11. whip up: rouse; excite

12. give: bend, sink, m

ove, break down, yield, etc. from

force or pressure

13

．

burden

：

repeated

，

central idea

；

theme