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2012
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1
）班
Chaper1 The Basic Concepts Of Words and
Vocabulary
of the statements below is
followed by four alternative answers. Choose the
one
that would best complete the
statement.
1. ______is the
most important of all characteristics of the basic
word stock.
Stability
national character
2.
Nonbasic vocabulary includes all of the following
except_______ .
words
3. According to the origins
of the words, English words can be classified
into
…
_______ .
words and functional words words and borrowed
words
words and dialectal
words words and dialectal words
4. Borrowings can be divided
into________.
, semantic
loans, translationloans, denizens
words, notional words, form words,
content words
,
portmanteau words, acronyms,
initializes
, compounds,
converted words and clipped words
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5.
Apart
from
the
characteristics
of
basic
vocabulary,
native
words
have
two
other
features, namely_________.
and stability in style and high
frequency in use
and
polysemy and arbitrariness
6
．
The word
beaver
(meaning“girl”)is
_______ .
dialectal
word archaism
7.
AIDS as a nonbasic word is_______ .
archaism
words include the following word classes
except_______ .
^
9. Vocabulary can refer to
the following except_______ .
total number of the words in
alanguage
the words used
in a particular historical period
the words of a given
dialect
words a person
knows
is a loan word
from_______ .
【
11.
_______ form the mainstream of the basic word
stock.
words B.
Frenchwords words words
humor
is_______ .
translation loan semantic loan
denizen alien
and numerals are semantically_______
and have limited_______ .
;use and stability collocability and
stability
use and
productivity productivity
andcollectability
is_______ .
(
archaism
,words fall into
functional words and content words.
frequency formation
16. The symbolic connection between
sound and meaning is almost always_______
.
17. _______ are loan words that have
become assimilated in English.
A.
Denizens
loans loans
,
which
means “police”,is a(n)
_______ word.
[
19.
Wherein
which means “in what”
is
a(n)word. _______
difference between sound and form due to all the
following except _______.
phonemes than letters
B. stabilization of spelling by
printing
of spelling by
early scribes
of
pronunciation
the
following
statements
with
proper
words
or
expressions
according
to
the
course
book
1.
Lexicology
is
a
branch
of
linguisticsstudying
the
origins
and_______ of
words
.
2.
A
word
is
a
minimal
free
form
of
language
that
has
a
given
sound,
meaning
and_______
function.
3. In
spite of the differences between sound and form,at
least_______ percent of
the English
words fit consistent spelling patterns
the words in language make up
its_______ .
word stock
is the foundations of the vocabulary accumulated
over centuries and
form the common core
of the language.
,begin is
a native word.
7. _______
vocabulary include cant,jargon and
argot.
8. There is no_______
relationship between the sound which stands for a
thing or
an idea and the actual thing
and idea itself.
{
9. _______ are
the basic units of sentences.
10.
Early
borrowings
are
mostly_______ whereas
later
loan
words
remain
foreign
in
sound
and spelling.
whether the
following statements are true or false
( ) word can be defined in different
ways from different points of view.
( ) no circumstances can sound and
meaning be intrinsically related.
( ) introduction of printing press
resulted in a lot more differences between
sound and
form.
( ) words a person
can use in speaking and writing form his active
vocabulary.
( )
principles by which to classify words are usage,
notion and origin.
(
( ) words
are more popular than foreign words.
( ) words enjoy the same features as
the basic word stock and more.
( )(meaning “old”)
is an
instance of archaism.
( )
a loan word known as an alien.
( )
time no
see
is a case of translation
loan.
a term for each of
the following definitions.
1.
Sub-standard
words often used on informal occasions.(
)
2.
Specialized vocabulary common in
certain professions.( )
3.
>
4.
Words used by
sub-culturegroups, particularly by understood
society.( )
5.
Words that have clear notions.(
)
6.
Words of Anglo-Saxon origin.(
)
7.
Words borrowed by way of translation. (
)
8.
Old words with new meanings.(
)
9.
Words which have become assimilated.(
)
10.
Native forms whose meanings are
borrowed.( )
11.
Words
essential to native speakers’ daily
communication.( )
：
the following
questions .Your answers should be clear and
short.
1.
What is the relationship between sound
and meaning
2.
Why are there so many differences
between sound and form
3.
What are the
criteria for classification of words
4.
What are the
characteristics of the basic word and word stock
[Answers]
(eighty)
10assimilated
!
2. F
words words loans loan word
stock
V
.
1.
The
relationship is almost always arbitrary and
conventional ana there is no
logical
connection between sound and meaning.
2.
There are four
major reasons.(1)The internal reason:the English
alphabet was
adopted from the
Romans,which have more phonemes than letters,so
there is not
a separate letter to
represent each sound.(2)Pronunciation has changed
more
rapidly than spelling.(3)The
spelling forms were changed by the early scribes
to make theeir writing more
recognizable.(4)Borrowing.
3.
There are
mainly there criteria for may fall into:the basic
word stock and
nonbasic vocabulary by
use frequency;content words and functional words
by
notion;native words and borrowed
words by prigin.
4.
The
basic
word
stock
has
five
character,(2)stability,(3)productivi-
ty,(4)polysemy,(5)productivity.
）
charecteristic:(1)all
national
Chapter2 The Development Of the English
Vocabulary
of
the statements below is followed by four
alternative answers. Choose the one
that would best complete the
statement.
1.
It is assumed that the world has 3000
languages, which can be grouped into
roughly_______ language families on
the basis of similarities in their basic
word stock and grammar.
2. The
following languages all belong to the Eastern set
except_______ .
3. In the Eastern
set,Armenian and_______ are the sole modern
languages in the
two respective
families.
（
language does not belong to the Italic
.
early inhabitants of the British Isles
spoke_______ .
Germanic
speakers
took
permanent
control
of
the
land
that
was
later
called_______
(the land of
Angles).
English
has
a
vocabulary
of
about
50000
to
60000
words,which
is
entirely
Germanic
with only a few
borrowings from_______ and
Scandinavian.
·
influx of French words into English
did not occur until after_______ .
the
Middle
English
period,the
three
main
dialects
of
the
land
were
Northern,
_______
and Midland.
10. _______ is the chief
ancestor of Modern English,not
Southern.
Norman Conquest started a
continual flow of_______ words into
English.
*
is an_______ dialect,as its name
implies, and intelligible to Northerner and
Southerners alike.
number
of_______ words
that
poured
into
English
was
unbelievably
great
and
covered
every
realm of culture and society in the Middle English
period.