英国社会文化 名词解释 简答题

一：名词解释：

1

、

英国宪法：

British

Constitution

Britain

doesn

’

t

have

a

constitution

written

down

in

a

single

document.

The

constitution

flows from 6 sources:

1) The Royal Prerogatives

皇家特权

2)

*Statute

Laws

成文法

,

They

are

Acts

of

Parliament

and

subordinate

legislation

made

under

powers

conferred

by

Parliament.

They

are

a

large

amount of

‘

unwrit ten

’

law gathered from numerous decisions of the courts

and other sources

3)

*Common Laws

普通法

,

判例法

4)

*Conventions

习惯法

It

is

one

of

the

main

components

of

the

British

Constitution. It refers to the Bills which have been passed by courts.

5) Authoritative Opinions

权威意见

6) European Union Laws

欧盟法

2

、

英国议会：

British Parliament

The Parliament is made up of three elements: The Crown (the Queen); The House of

Lords

；

The House of Commons. The real centre of parliamentary power lies in the

House

of

Commons.

It

is

the

supreme

law

making

institution

in

Britian.

The

Parliament

has

other

functions:

such

as

control

and

criticize

the executive government;

control the raising and the spending of money.

3

、

BBC

BBC is the short for British Broadcasting Corporation. The company was founded in

1922.

It

is

the

largest

broadcaster

in

the

world,

with

about

23,000

staff.

Its

main

responsibility

is

to

provide

public

service

broadcasting

in

the

United

Kingdom,

Channel

Islands

and

Isle

of

Man.

The

main

channels

are

TV/radio

channels

,public

service,

BBC 1

&

BBC

2.

It

is

the

principal public

service

broadcaster

in

the

United

Kingdom,

with

its

headquarters

at

Broadcasting

House

in

the

City

of

Westminster,

London. TV/radio channels.

4

、

下议院

The House of Commons

The House of Commons is the most powerful and important element in UK. It is the

real center of British political life. There are three main functions, make laws; control

and criticize the executive government; control the raising and spending of money .

Every member of Parliament is elected by a constituency

. The people who gets most votes

deserve to be elected. There are 650 members in Common house. There are known

as members of Congress.

5

、

上议院

The House of Lords

It exercises the supreme judicial power. It is an important part of Parliament. The

Lords

acts

as

a

revising

chamber

for

legislation

and

its

work

complements

the

business

of

the

Commons.

It

must

pass

all

financial

legislation

sent

to

it

from

the

House

of

Commons,

and

can

delay

other

Bills

for

only

one

year.

It

has

a

special

judicial function. There are about 1160 members. Members are mostly appointed by

the Queen, a fixed number are elected internally and a limited number of Church of

England archbishops and bishops sit in the House. Most of them are hereditary peers

of the realm. Some of them are non- hereditary peers.

6

、

内阁

The Cabinet

The British cabinet is the highest organ of State Administration. The prime minister is

the head of government, the cabinet is the leading center of the government. The

Cabinet is composed of the chiefs of the most important ministries and departments.

It

consists

of The

Minister

of Defense, the Foreign

Secretary

and

the

Chancellor

of

the

Exchequer.

It

is

appointed

by

the

Queen

with

the

advice

of

the

PM.

The

most

senior

members

of

the

Cabinet

are

the

Deputy

Prime

Minister,

Foreign

Secretary,

Chancellor

of

the

Exchequer

and

Home

Secretary.

There

has

never

been

a

set

number for posts within the Cabinet. The most common figure for a Cabinet is 22.

They are called the Cabinet Ministers.

二：

解答题

1

、

英国教育体系

British Education

?

The

oldest

schools

in

UK

are

Oxford

and

Cambridge.

It

has

comprehensive

schools, grammar school ,public school.

The comprehensive schools are the most

popular

secondary

schools

in

Britain

today.

They

select

its

intake

without

considering

their students

’

academic background. They provide a general education that people can

learn

everything

from

academic

subjects

like

literature

to

more

practical

subjects

like

cook

ing.

Actually

private

schools

are

called

independent

schools .they

are

actually private schools. They are funded by a combination of endowments,

tuition fees and other non- governmental funding. They are long established

and have gained a high academic standard as well as their exclusiveness and

snobbery. Boy

’

s public schools include such schools as Eton and Harrow. Girl

’

s

famous

public

schools

Roedean.

Public

schools

are

not

part

of

national

educational

system

and

are

restricted

to

the

students

whose

parents

are

competitively rich.