-
Book One
Unit One
ate the following
paragraph into Chinese.
Socrates was a
classical Greek philosopher who is credited with
laying the fundamentals
(
基础
) of modern Western
philosophy. He is
a
mysterious
figure
known
chiefly
through
the
accounts
of
later
classical writers, especially the
writings of his most famous student
Plato,
Socrates
has
become
well
known
for
his
contribution
to
the
field
of
ethics.
His
method
of
teaching,
known
as
the
Socratic
Method,
by
asking
and
answering
questions
to
stimulate
critical
thinking
and
to
explain
ideas
remains
a
commonly
used
tool
in
a
wide
range
of
discussions.
He
also
made
important
and
lasting
contributions to the
field of epistemology(
认识论
)
and logic
，
and the
influence of his ideas and approach
remains a strong foundation for
Western
philosophy
that
followed.
Socrates
was
the
most
colorful
figure in the
history of ancient philosophy. His fame was
widespread
in
his
own
time,
and
his
name
soon
became
a
household
word
although
he
constructed
no
philosophical
system,
established
no
school, and founded no
sect(
宗派
).
译文：
苏格拉底是古希腊哲学家，被
誉为现代西方哲学的奠基人。
他是一个谜一般的人物，
人们主要
通过后来的一些古典作家的叙
述，
尤其是他最著名的学生柏拉图
的作品去了解他。
苏格拉底以
他对伦理学的贡献而闻名。
他的教学法亦称为苏格拉底法，
即通
过提问和
回答来激发批判性思维以及阐述观点。
该方法在各种讨
论中仍被
普遍使用。
他还在认识论和逻辑领域做出了重大而深远
的贡献。
他的思想和方法所带来的影响一直是后来的西方哲学的
坚实基础
。
苏格拉底是古代哲学史上最丰富多彩的人物。
他在他
那个时代已威名远扬。
虽然他未曾建立什么哲学体系，
< br>未曾设立
什么学派，
也未曾创立什么宗派，
但他的名字很快就变得家喻户
晓了。
ate the following paragraph into
English.
注意：
主语
系动词或谓语
表语或宾语
（定语）
状语
孔子
（主语）
是（系动词）
（
中国历史上著
名的）
（定语）
思
想家（表语）
、
教育家
、
是
（儒家学派（
Confucianism
）的
）
创始
人
，
被
尊
称为
（古代的）
“圣人”
（
sage
）
。
（他的）
言论和生平活
动
记录
在《论语》
（
< br>The
Analects
）一书中。
< br>《论语》
是
（中国古
代文化的）
经典著作
，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家
产
生了
很大影响。不研究《论语》
< br>，
就不能
真正
把握（
中国几千年
的传统）
文化
。
（孔子的很多）
思想
，尤其是（其）
教育思想（主
语同位语）
，对中国社会
产生了
（深远的）
影响
。
在
21
< br>世纪的
今天，
（孔子的）
学说<
/p>
不仅
受到
（中国人）
重视
，而且也越来越
受到（
整个国
际社会的）
重视
。
Translation:
Confucius
was
（
a
great
）
thinker
and
educator
（
in
Chinese
history.
）
He
was
the
founder
（
of
Confucianism
）
and
was
respectfully
（状语）
referred to
as
（
an
ancient
）
“
sage
”
.
（
His
）
words
and
life
story
were
recorded
in
The
Analects
,
An
enduring
classic
（
of ancient Chinese
culture,
）
The
Analects
has had a great
influence on
the thinkers,
writers, and statesmen
（
that
came after
Confucius.
）
Without
studying
this
book,
one
could
hardly
truly
understand
（
the thousands-of-
years
’
traditional
Chinese
）
culture
.
（
Much of
Confucius
’
）
thought
, especially
（
his
）
thought
（
on
education,
）
has had
（
a
profound
）
influenc
e
on
Chinese society.
In
the
21
st
century,
（
Confuci
an
）
thought
not
only
retains
the
attention
（
of
the
Chinese,
）
but
it
also
wins
（
an
increasing
）
attention
（
from the international
community.
）
Unit Two
ate the
following paragraph into Chinese.
Christmas is a widely observed cultural
holiday, celebrated on
December
25
by
millions
of
people
around
the
world.
It
commemorates(
纪念
)
the
birth
of
Jesus
Christ.
The
festival
dated
from
as
early
as
336
AD.
Gradually
it
evolved
into
a
religious
as
well
as
secular(
非宗教的
)
celebration,
celebrated
by
an
increasing
number
of
non-
Christians.
Today
Christmas
is
observed
as
an
important
festival
and
public
holiday
around
the
world.
Christmas
customs differ in
different countries. Popular modern customs of the
holiday include an exchange of
Christmas cards and gifts, Christmas
singing,
church
attendance,
the
display
of
various
Christmas
decorations
and
trees,
family
gatherings,
and
a
special
meal
preparation.
To
small
children,
the
festival
is
full
of
fantasy
and
surprise.
Legend(
传说）
has it that Santa
Claus will enter each house
through
the
chimney
and
bring
gifts
to
well-behaved
children
on
Christmas
Eve.
Because
gift-giving
and
many
other
aspects
of
the
Christmas festival heighten economic
activity among both Christmas
and non-
Christmas, the holiday has also become a
significant event
and a key sales
period for business.
译文：
圣诞节是一个被广泛庆祝的文化节
日，
全世界有许许多多的
人在
12
月
25
日庆祝这一节日。它是为了纪念耶稣
基督的诞辰。
该节日最早课追溯到公元
336
< br>年。
渐渐地，
这一节日演变为一个
既是宗教又是非宗教的节日，越来越多的非基督徒也庆祝圣诞
节。
如今，
圣诞节在全球被作为一个重大的节日和公共假日来庆
祝。
不同国家的圣诞节风俗也各不相同。
现代流行的圣诞节风俗
包括交换圣诞贺卡和圣诞礼物、唱圣诞歌曲、参加教堂活动、摆
放各种圣诞饰品和圣诞树、
举行家庭聚会以及准备一顿特别的大
餐。对小孩子们来说，这个节日充满了幻想和惊喜。据传说，圣
诞老人会在圣诞夜从烟囱
进入每户人家，
给乖巧听话的孩子带来
礼物。
< br>由于圣诞节送礼物以及许多其他方面推动了基督徒和非基
督徒的经济活动，
圣诞节也因此成为商家的一个重大活动和主要
销售季。
ate the following paragraph into
English.
每年农历（
Chinese lunar
calendar)
八月十五
是
（我
国的传统）
节日
———
中秋节
（
the Mid-Autumn Festival
< br>）
。
这时
是（
< br>一年秋
季的）
中期
，所以
被称为
中秋
。
（中秋
节的一项重要）
活动
是
赏
月
。
夜晚，
人们
赏
明月
、
吃
月饼
，
共庆
中秋佳节
。
中秋节
也
是
（
家
庭团圆的）
时刻
，
（远在他乡的）
游子
，会借此
寄托（
自己对故
乡和
亲人的思念之）
情
。
（中秋节的）
习俗
很多
，
都寄托
着（
人
们对美好生活的）
热爱和向往<
/p>
。自
2008
年，
中秋节
成为（
中国
的法定）
节假日
。
Translation:
According to
the Chinese lunar calendar ,
August
15
（
of every
year
）
is
（
a
traditional
）
festival
----
the
Mid-
Autumn
Festival
.
（
This
）
day
is
the middle
（
of
autumn
）
, so
it
is called
Mid-
Autumn
.
One
（
of the important Mid-Autumn
Festival activities
）
is
to enjoy
the
moon
.
On
that
night,
people
gather
together
to
celebrate
the
Mid-Autumn
Festival,
looking
up
at
the
bright
moon
and
eating
moon
cakes.
The festival
is
also
a
time
（
for family
reunion
）
.
People
（
living far away from
home
）
will
express
（
their
）
feelings
（
of
missing
their
hometowns
and
families
）
at
this
festival.
There
are
many customs
to celebrate
the festival, all expressing
people
’
s love
and
hope for a happy life. Since 2008,
the
Mid-Autumn Festival
has
become
（
an official
national
）
holiday
（
in
China
）
.
Unit
Three
ate the following paragraph into
Chinese.
The
London
Underground
is
a
rapid
transit(
交通运输系统
)
system
in
the
United
Kingdom,
serving
a
large
part
of
Greater
London. The underground system is also
known as the Tube, due to
the
characteristic
shape
of
the
subway
tunnels.
It
all
started
in
the
mid-1800s. The Tube was the
world
’
s first underground
train system,
with the first section
opening in 1863. Since then it has grown to an
underground
masterpiece(
杰作
)
of
12
lines,
275
stations,
and
over
250 miles of rail
track, 45% of which is underground. It is the
fourth
largest metro system in the
world in terms of route miles. It also has
one
of
the
largest
numbers
of
stations.
As
an
affordable
and
easy
way
to
get
around
London,
the
Tube
remains
the
first
choice
for
millions of commuters each day, as well
as tourists visiting the city
on
holidays.
The
Tube
has
been
an
international
icon
for
London.
The
London
Underground
celebrated
its
150
years
of
operation
in
2013, with various events marking the
milestone(
里程碑
).
译文：
伦敦地铁是英国的一个快速交
通运输系统，服务于大伦敦的
大部分地区。
地铁系统因其地铁隧
道的典型形状也被称为地下管
道。伦敦地铁始建于
19
世纪中期，是世界上最早的地下铁路系
统。它的第一段地铁于
1863
年开始运营。自此，伦敦地铁不断
延伸，
发展成为一个包括
12
条线路、
275
个车站、铁轨总长超
过
250
英里的地铁杰作，
其中有
45%
在地下运行。
就路线长度而
言，
它是世界上第四大地铁系统，
也是车站数量最多的地铁系统
之
一。
作为一个走遍伦敦的经济便捷的途径，
伦敦地铁一向是每<
/p>
天数百万通勤者以及在节假日游历伦敦首选。
伦敦地铁已成为伦<
/p>
敦的一个国际标志。
2013
年伦敦举办
了各种各样的活动，庆祝
地铁运营
150
周年，纪念这一里程碑。
11. Translate the following paragraph
into English.
中国航天业开创于
1956
年，几十年来，中国航天事业创造了
一个又一个奇迹。
1970
年，中国成功发射了第一颗人造地球卫
星，
成为世界上第五个独立自主研制和发射人造地球卫星的国
家。
1
992
年，
中国开始实施载人航天飞行工程
（
manned spaceflight
progra
m
）
。
2003
年，中国成功发射了“神舟五号”载人飞船，使
中国成为第三个发射载人飞船的国家。
2007
年发射了“嫦娥一
号”
，即第一颗绕月球飞行（
lunar-orbiting
）的人造卫星。
2013
年，第五艘载人飞船“神舟
十号”发射成功，为中国空间站的建
设打下了基础。
Translation
：
China
’
s
space
industry
was
launched
in1956.
Over
the
past
decades,
China
’
s space industry has
created one miracle after another.
In
1970
China
launched
its
first
man-made
earth
satellite,
ranking
China
the
fifth
country
in
the
world
to
independently
develop
and
launch man-made earth
satellites. In 1992 China began to carry out
the
manned
spaceflight
program.
In
2003
China
launched
Shenzhou-5
, a manned
spaceship. The successful launch made China
the third country to launch manned
spaceships. In 2007
Chang
’
e-1
,
the
first
lunar-orbiting
man-made
satellite,
was
sent
to
space.
In
2013
Shenzhou-10
,
the
fifth
manned
spaceship,
was
launched
successfully,
laying
the
foundation
for
building
the
Chinese
Space
Station.
Unit Four
10.
Translate the
following paragraph into Chinese.
As
one of the first Europeans to travel across Asia
through China,
Marco
Polo
is
perhaps
the
most
well-known
foreign
merchant
and
voyager
to
the
Chinese
people.
He
traveled
extensively
(
广泛地
)
with his family, journeying from Europe
to Asia from 1271 to 1295.
He remained
in China for 17 of those years. His book
The Travels of
Marco
Polo
depicts his journeys throughout
Asia, giving Europeans
their
first
comprehensive
look
into
the
Far
East,
including
China,
India, and Japan. From his written
accounts the Westerners learned
of
porcelain,
coal,
gunpowder,
printing,
paper
money,
and
silk
for
the
first
time.
The
wealth
of
new
geographic
information
recorded
by Polo was widely
used in the late 15
th
and
the 16
th
centuries during
the age of the European voyages of
discovery and conquest
(
征服
)
。
In
the
centuries
since
his
death,
Marco
Polo
has
received
the
recognition
that
failed
to
come
his
way
during
his
lifetime.
Marco
Polo
’
s story has
inspired countless other adventurers to set off
and
see the world.
译文：
作为通过中国游历亚洲的首批欧洲
人之一，马可
?
波罗可能
是中国人最熟
知的外国商人和航海家。从
1271
年到
1295
年，
他和他的家人游历广泛，遍及欧洲和亚洲。期间
，他在中国留居
了
17
年。
他的著作
《马可
?
波罗游
记》
描述了他游历亚洲的旅程，
让欧洲人首次全面领略了包括中
国、
印度和日本在内的远东地区
的情况。从他的文字叙述中，西
方人第一次了解到瓷器、煤炭、
火药、印刷术、纸币以及丝绸。在
15
世纪末和
16
世纪欧洲发
现与征服的大航海时代，马可
?
波罗所记录的
大量新的地理信息
得到了广泛使用。在他去世的这个几个世纪里，马可
< br>?
波罗获得
了他在有生之年未曾获得的赞誉。马可
?
波罗的故事鼓舞了其他
无数的探险者去踏上
征程，发现世界。
11.
Translate the following paragraph into
English.
郑和是中国历史上最著名的航海家
（
maritime explorer
）
。<
/p>
公元
1405
年，
明朝的统治者为了稳固边防
（
border defense
）
和开展海
上贸易，派郑和下西洋（<
/p>
the
Western
Sea
）
。在此后的
28
年
里，
郑和带领船队七下西洋，前后出海的人员有
10
多万人，访问了
30
多个国家和地区。船队纵横南
亚、西亚，一直到非洲大陆。
郑和下西洋是世界航海（
navi
gation
）史上的壮举，它展现了郑
和卓越的航海和组织才
能，同时展现了明朝的国力和国威
（
national
strength and prestige
）
,
加强了明朝和海外各国之间的
关系。
Translation
：
Zheng
He
was
the
most
famous
maritime
explorer
in
Chinese
history. In 1405 AD, the ruler of the
Ming Dynasty sent Zheng He on
a voyage
to the Western Seas in order to strengthen border
defense
and develop trade by sea. In
the following 28 years, Zheng He led
his fleet, made seven voyages to the
Western Seas with over 100,000
crew
members
in
total,
and
visited
more
than
30
countries
and
regions.
The
fleet
traveled
far
into
South
Asia
and
West
Asia,
and
made
all the way to the continent of Africa. Zheng
He
’
s voyages to
the Western Seas were a great feat in
the world
’
s navigation
history.
It
showed
Zheng
He
’
s
outstanding
navigation
and
organization
talents; meanwhile, it exhibited the
national strength and prestige of
the
Ming
Dynasty,
and
strengthened
the
relationships
between
the
Ming Dynasty and the
overseas countries.
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