-
阅读猜测词义十种方法
在阅读中，我们会经常遇到一些生词，需要根据上下
文猜测它们的词义。此类问题考
查考生紧扣原文，根
据上下文语境判断单词、短语或短句意义的能力。
< br>
1
．
根据定义或解释猜测词义
这类定义或
解释通常由生词后的同位语（从句）
或定语从句引出。
例：
The
modern
age
of
medicine
began
with
the
stethoscope
, an instrument
for listening to a patient’s
heartbeat
and breathing
（
1
）
Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend
extra hours to
deal with problems, such
as
shoplifter, who always take
away things from the shop without
paying for them.
（
2
）
The
best football, basketball and tennis players can
become professional that means they
will have a career in
sports and will
get money when they play.
（
3
）
Kleptomania is
an illness of the mind that gives
a
person the desire to steal.
（
4
）
The
word
“lefty”
means a person
who uses his or her
left hand for
writing, eating and other jobs.
（
5
）
Doctors recommended
that everyone exercise every
day,
particular
those
who
spend
many
hours
doing
sedentary activities like reading,
typing or sewing.
（
6
）
A
person who has the SARS
（非典型肺炎）
may
have
symptoms like coughing and a high temperature.
7. .Do you know what a
“
terri
tory”
is ?
A territory is an
area that an animal
,usually the male,
claims
（声称）
as its
own.
8. Here is The Pines
,whose cook has developed a special
way
of
mixing
foreign
food
such
as
caribou
,wild
boar ,and reindeer with surprising
sauces .
（
2004
年福建
According to the passage
,The Pines is a
.
A
．
place in which
you can see many mobile homes.
B
．
mountain where
you can get a good view of the valley.
C
．
town
which
happens
to
be
near
the
Banff
National
Park.
D
．
restaurant
where you can ask for some special kinds of
food.
9.
Another
habit
which
can
slow
your
reading
is
called
subvocalization.
In
this
case
your
lips
do
not
move,
but
1
you
will
“hear”
each
word
in
your
head
as
you
read
silently.
2
．
根据对
比关系猜测词义；
当句中含有
but, however,
yet,
however,
though,
although,
on
the
other
hand,
instead ,while,
unlike, instead, rather than, on the contrary,
in contrast with, despite, in spite of,
等表示转折意义的
词时，
前后句含有对
比意义，据此可以猜测生词词义。
is one of
the most supercilious men I knew. His
brother, in contrast, is quite modest.
2.
Written
language
tends
to
be
static,
while
spoken
language constantly
changes.
3. A child’s birthday party
doesn’t
have to be a
hassle; it
can
be
a
basket
of
fun.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“hassle” (paragraph 1)
probably mean?
（
2002
< br>年
NMET
）
A.a party designed by specialists
B.a plan requiring careful
thought
C.a situation causing
difficulty or trouble
D.a demand made by guests
idea
about
business
is
that
it
can
be
treated
as
a
game of perfect information. Quite the
reverse, business
polite, life
itself
is games which we
must normally play
with very imperfect
information.
A. Quite right.
B.
Time enough.
C. Most
unlike.
D. Just
the opposite.
5.
Unlike
the
Unite
States
where
many
different
nationalities
make
up
the
population, Japan’
s
population
is quite
homogeneous.
6.
Thousands
of
people
got
stuck
in
lifts.
But
no
one
panicked, we passed the time telling
stories.
7. Most of us agreed; however,
Gary dissented.
8. He is homely, not at
all as handsome as his brother.
9. In
the past the world seemed to run in an orderly
way.
Now,
however,
everything
seems
to
be
in
a
state
of
turmoil.
3
．根据因果关系猜测词义
原因的表示法
A.
并列连词：
for
，
so
B.
从
属
连
词
：
b
ecause,
since,
now
(that),
as,
so
/
such…that
C.
介词短语：
because
of, on account of, as a result of, as
a
consequence
of,
thanks
to
,
owing
to,
due
to,
for
this
reason,
D.
动词短语
account for,
result in+
结果，
result from
+
原因
, lead to, cause, bring
in, bring about
E.
副词：
therefore,
thus, consequently, accordingly
F.
介词：
for (doing)
sth
1. I found I was paying too much
attention to the job and
thus
sacrificing my study time.
2. It
rained, so the football match was postponed.
3. …feel that since you are my superior
, it would be
presumptuous of me to
tell you what to do .
A
．
full of respect
B
．
too
confident and rude
women
in
China
---educated
and
illiterated,
urban
and
rural,
the
young
and
old-----work
to
earn
an
income
in
addition
to
maintaining
their
roles
as
housewives and mothers.
10.
It will be very hard but also very
brittle
―that is , it
will break easily.
5.
根据同义词、近义词猜测词义
这类同义词、
近义词或反义词往往有
and,
or
等信息词
作暗示。
1.
In our
competitive world of today, examinations have
C
．
lacking in
experience
D
．
too
shy and quiet
a highly selecting or
filtering role.
I could not afford to
purchase the original painting, I
2.
The new tax
law supersedes, or replaces, the law that
bought a replica. An inexperienced eye
could not tell the
difference.
Was in effect last year.
5.
Pruning
is
important because it encourages the growth of
3. Mother was tall, fat and middle-
aged. The principal of
tender shoots,or
young leaves.
（
2005
年江西卷）
the
school
was
an
older
woman,
almost
as
plump
as
4
．根据同等关系猜测词义
mother, and much shorter.
表示同等关系的信息词有：
and, or, namely,
that’s to say, in
in
other words, to be called, to mean, refer to, that
is (to say),
4. Do you have any strong
opinion on
co-educational
or
or, like, similar, to put it another
way, to be precise
等。
secret for a living and healthy life
has been well
publicized---no alcohol,
no cigarette and no anger.
2. Pantomime
refers to a short play in which no words are
spoken.
3.
Mr.
Smith
loves
to
talk,
and
his
wife
is
similarly
loquacious.
4.
Millions
of
animals
die
each
year
on
Us
roads,
the
Highway administration reports. In
fact, only about 80
ocelots
, an endangered wild
cat exist in the Us today. The
main
reason? Roadkill.
5. Not every historic
mansion
, church, battle
site, theatre
and other public halls
can be preserved.
6.
We
should,
therefore,
learn
to
choose
our
words
carefully and use them accurately, or
they will make our
speech silly and
vulgar
.
7.
Their
friends
laughed
at
them,
and
my
sister
felt
wretched,
very unhappy.
8. Before the main
business of a conference begins the
chairman usually makes a short
preliminary
(i. e.
introductory)speech, or make a few
preliminary remarks.
In
other
words,
he
says
a
few
things
by
way
of
introduction.
2
single-sex schools?
6.
根据经验或常识猜测词义
有时需要根据中学生应具备的基本知识或常识作出合
理的推测
1. The heat of sun warms some
ocean water. The surface
of the water
evaporates, forming a cloud of warm, wet air
that moves upward.
2. Mrs.
Kreamer, a victim of smoke, was
unconscious
（失
去知觉
3. When a doctor performs an operation
on a patient, he
usually
gives
an
aesthetic
to
make
him
unconscious,
because
he
does
not
want
his
patient
to
feel
pain
or
to
know what
is happening to him.
4. .Most of the
roses are beginning to
wither
because of
the cold.
7.
根据上下文猜测词义
俗话说，
“
词不离句，句不离文
”
。特定的上下文往往
是推测词义不可忽视的重要因素
。
（
1
）
A
deaf and dump guy went into a
hardware
store to
ask for some nails.
（
2
）
The
climate of the west coast is the most
moderate
in
Canada,
summers
are
cool
and
fairly
dry
and
winters
are
mild,
cloudy
and
wet.
Even
in
mid-winter,
the
temperature is usually above freezing.
（
3
）
All
the
houses
in
the
city
collapsed
during
the
earthquake.
（
4
）
For
people who live within
a
stone’s throw
from the
office to be late to work is
unforgivable.
（
5
）
The
conflagration
was so fierce
that with just a few
second
one
could
see
towering
flames
where
the
house
had
stood
and
the
smoke
which
filled
the
sky
could
be
seen for
miles and miles.
6. The
pupils
assembled
in front of
the school hall. They
came
together
to
listen
to
the
headmaster
announce
the
result of the sports
meeting.
7.
If
you
are
capable
of
working
twelve
hours
a
day
without a rest, and if you can engage
in physical exercise
for
hours
without
seeming
to
get
tired,
then
you
are
indefatigable
.
8.
If he thinks he can invite me out, he
is
all wet
. I don’t
like to be with him.
9.
(06
湖北卷
A)
the users tell us no company produces
a better product for language learners
at all levels Ring
for more
information, or order at www. audiomagazine.
com. We guarantee that you have nothing
to lose if it's
not for you; let us
know within 6 weeks and we will
completely
reimburse
you.
59. What does the underlined part
reimburse you
probably mean?
A. Return the money you paid.
B. Change the product you
bought.
C. Offer you a free repair.
D. Guarantee you the
quality.
8.
根据举例猜测词义
这类信息词有
such as, for example,
for instance, like
especially, include,
consist of, specially
等短语。
1.
Today
young
couples
who
are
just
starting
their
household often spend
lots of their money on appliances,
for
instance, washing-machine, fridge and colour TV
sets.
2.
Most
of
us
learn
very
young
in
life
to
control
basic
drives such as thirst and hunger.
3. Some ships carried
cargo
such as coal, oil and military
supplies(
军用物资
),whil
e others carried only passengers.
3
4.
Many
United
Nations
emloyees
are
polyglots:
n, for example,
speaks five languages fluently.
5.
The
largest
player---Shanghai
Bashi
Tourism
Car
Rental
Center
offers
a
wide
variety
of
choices-
--Deluxe
Sedans,
Minivans,
Station
Wagons,
Coaches,
Santana
Sedans are the big favorite.
6. When writing an article, we often
use
similes,
such as
“brave as a lion” and “quick like
lightning”.
7.
The
course
gives
you
chances
to
know
great
power
polities between nation states. It will
provide more space
to
study
particular
issues
such
as
relationship
among
countries in the European Union, third
world debt, local
and
international
disagreement,
and
the
work
of
such
international bodies as the United
Nations, the European
Union, NATO, and
the World Bank.
9.
根据标点符号猜测词义
这类标点符号通常为括号、冒号、破折号、逗号等。
例：
You can take any of the
periodicals: The World of
English,
Foreign Language Teaching in School, or
English Learning.
10.
构词法
在猜测词义过程中，我们还可以依靠构词法方面的知
识，从生词本身猜测词义。
1. Do you have any strong
opinion on
co-educational
or
single-sex schools?
2. It's
a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking
(
俯瞰
) the
bay in
an
uncommercialized
Cornish
fishing village on
England's most
southerly point
．
3. Good tool design is important in the
prevention of
overuse injuries.
Well
–
designed
tools and equipment
will
require less force to operate them and prevent
awkward
（别扭的）
hand
positions.
（
2005
年北
京卷）
4. We live in a
technological society where most goods
are
mass-produced
by unskilled labor. Because of this,
most people that craft
(
手艺
) no longer exists.
（
2004
年
浙江卷）<
/p>
5. The other teams,
disappointed, were on the bus
heading
home.
（
2004
年山东卷）
6. I had first known she was wrong,
that her anxiety had
clouded
her judgment.
（
2004
全国卷
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