-
Lesson 1: Rock Superstars: What
Do They Tell Us About Ourselves and Our Society?
关于我们和我们的社会，他们告诉了我们些什么？
What Do They
Tell Us About Ourselves and Our Society?
摇滚乐是青少年叛逆的音乐。
——摇滚乐评论家约相
?
罗克韦尔
Rock
is the music of teenage rebellion. --- John
Rockwell, rock music critic
知其崇拜何人便可知其人。
——小说家罗伯特
?
佩恩
?
沃伦
By a man‘s heroes ye
shall know him.
--- Robert
Penn Warren, novelist
1972<
/p>
年
6
月的一天，芝加哥圆形剧场挤满了大
汗淋漓、疯狂摇摆的人们。
It
was mid-June, 1972, the Chicago Amphitheater was
packed, sweltering, rocking.
滚石摇滚乐队的迈克
?
贾格尔正在台上演唱“午夜漫步人”
。
Mick Jagger of the Rolling Stones was
singing ―Midnight Rambler.‖
演唱结束时评论家唐
?
赫克曼在现场。
Critic Don Heckman was
there when the song ended.
他描述道：
“贾格尔抓起一个半加仑的水罐沿舞台前沿边跑边把里面的水洒向前几排汗流
浃
背的听众。听众们蜂拥般跟随着他跑，急切地希望能沾上几滴洗礼的圣水。
“
Jagger,‖
he said, ―gr
abs a half-gallon jug of
water and runs along the front platform,
sprinkling
its contents over the first
few rows of sweltering listeners. They surge to
follow him, eager to be
touched by a
few baptismal drops‖.
1973<
/p>
年
12
月下旬的一天，约
1.4
万名歌迷在华盛顿市外的首都中心剧场尖叫着，乱哄哄地
拥向台前。
It was
late December, 1973, Some 14,000 screaming fans
were crunching up to the front of the
stage at Capital Center, outside
Washington, D.C.
美国的恐怖歌星艾利丝
?
库珀的表演正接近尾声。
Alice Cooper, America‘s
singing ghoul, was ending his act.
他表演的最后一幕是假装在断头台上结束自己的生命。
He ends it by pretending to
end his life
–
with a
guillotine.
他的“头”落入一个草篮中。
His
“
head
”
drops into a straw basket.
“哎呀！
”一个黑衣女孩子惊呼道：
“
啊
!
真是了不起，不是吗？”
。
“
Ooh,‖
gasped a girl dressed in black. ―Oh, isn‘t that
marvelous?‖
当时，
1
4
岁的迈克珀力也在场，但他的父母不在那里。
Fourteen-
year-
old Mick Perlie was there too, but
his parents weren‘t.
“他们觉得他
恶心，恶心，恶心，
”迈克说，
“他们对我说，你怎么受得了那
些？”
“
They think he‘s sick, sick,
sick,‖ Mike said. ―They say to me, ?How can you
stand that stuff?‘‖
1974
年
1
月下旬的一天，在纽约州尤宁谷城拿骚体
育场内，鲍勃
?
狄伦和“乐队”乐队正在
为音乐会上要用的乐器调音。
It was late January, 1974. Inside the
Nassau Coliseum in Uniondale, New York, Bob Dylan
and
The Band were tuning for a concert.
馆外，摇滚歌迷克利斯
?
辛格在大雨中等待着入场。
Outside, in the pouring rain, fan Chris
Singer was waiting to get in.
< br>“这是朝圣，
”克利斯说，
“我应该跪着爬进去。
”
“
Th
is
is pilgrimage,‖ Chris said, ―I ought to be
crawling on my knees.‖
1
对于这一切好评及个人崇拜，你怎么看？
How do you feel about all
this adulation and hero worship?
当米克
?
贾格尔的崇拜者们把他视为上帝的最高代
表或是一个神时，你是赞成还是反对？
When Mick Jagger‘s fans look at him as
a high priest or a god, ar
e you with
them or against them?
你也和克利
斯
?
辛格一样对鲍勃
?
狄伦怀有几乎是宗教般的崇敬吗？
Do you share Chris Singer‘s almost
religious reverence for Bob Dylan?
你认为他或狄伦是步入歧途吗？
Do
you think he
–
or
Dylan
–
is
misguided?
你也认为艾利丝
?
库珀令人恶心而拒不接受吗？
Do you reject Alice Cooper as sick?
难道你会莫名其妙地被这个奇怪的小丑吸引，原因就在于他表
达出你最狂热的幻想？
Or
are
you
drawn
somehow
to
this
strange
clown,
perhaps
because
he
acts
out
your
wildest
fantasies?
这些并不是闲谈。
These
aren
’
t idle questions.
有些社会学家认为对这些问题的回答可以充分说明你在想些什
么以及社会在想些什么——
也就是说，有关你和社会的态度。
Some sociologists say that
your answers to them could explain a lot about
what you are thinking
and about what
your society is thinking
–
in other words, about where you and your society
are.
社会学家欧文
?
霍洛威茨说：
“音乐表现其时代。
”
“
Music
expressed its times,‖ says sociologist Irving
Horowit
z.
霍洛威茨把摇
滚乐的舞台视为某种辩论的论坛，一个各种思想交锋的场所。
Horowitz sees the rock music arena as a
sort of debating forum, a place where ideas clash
and
crash.
他把它看作
是一个美国社会努力为自己的感情及信仰不断重新进行解释的地方。
He
sees
it
as
a
place
where
American
society
struggles
to
define
and
redefine
its
feelings
and
beliefs.
他说：
“重新解释是一项只有青年人才能执行的任务。只有他们才把创造与夸张、理性与运
动、言语与声音、音乐与政治融为一体。
”
“
The
redefinition,‖ Horowitz says, ―is a task uniquely
performed by the young. It is they alone
who
combine
invention
and
exaggeration,
reason
and
motion,
word
and
sound,
music
and
politics.‖
<
/p>
作曲兼演唱家托德
?
伦德格伦对这个观点
表示赞同。
Todd
Rundgren, the composer and singer, agrees.
他说：
“摇滚乐与其说是一种音乐力
量不如说是一种社会心理的表现。
就连埃尔维斯
?
普雷斯
利也并非是一种伟大的音乐力量，他只不过是体现了
< br>50
年代青少年那种心灰意冷的精神状
态。
”
“
Rock
music,‖
he
says,
―is
really
a
sociological
expression
rather
than
a
musical
force.
Even
Elvis
Presley
wasn‘t
really
a
great
musical
force.
It‘s
just
that
Elvis
managed
to
embody
the
frustrated teenage spirit of the
1950s.‖
毫无疑问，普雷斯利震惊了美国的成人世界。
Of course Presley horrified
adult America.
报纸写社论攻击他，
电视网也禁止播他，
但也许埃尔维斯证实了霍洛威茨和伦德格伦的看法
。
Newspapers
editorialized against him, and TV networks banned
him. But Elvis may have proved
what
Horowitz and Rundgren believe.
2
当他通过电视上埃德
?
沙利文的星期日晚间的综艺节目出现在千百万人面前时，就引起了某
种辩论。
When he
appeared on the an Sunday night variety show in
front of millions, a kind of
―debate‖
took place.
多数年纪大的观众眉头紧皱，而大
多数年轻观众则报以掌声欢迎。
Most of the older viewers frowned,
while most of the younger viewers applauded.
摇滚乐评论家们说，从埃尔维斯到艾利丝，许多歌星帮助我们
的社会解说其信仰与态度。
Between Elvis and Alice, rock critics
say, a number of rock stars have helped our
society define its
beliefs and
attitudes.
鲍勃
?
狄伦触动了对现状不满的神经，他唱到民权、核散落物以及孤独。
Bob
Dylan
touched
a
nerve
of
disaffection.
He
spoke
of
civil
rights,
nuclear
fallout,
and
loneliness.
他唱到变革和老一代人的迷茫，他在歌声中唱道：
“这儿正发生
着什么事，你不知道是什么
事，对吗，琼斯先生？”
He
spoke
of
change
and
of
the
bewilderment
of
an
older
generation.
―Something‘s
happening
here,‖ he sang.
―You don‘t know what it is, do you, ?‖
其他人也加入了这场辩论。
Others entered the debate.
霍洛威茨说，
甲壳虫乐队以幽默的方式，
或许还借助麻醉品的力量来倡导和平与虔诚。
傲慢
无理、打架
斗殴的滚石乐队成员要求革命。杰斐逊飞机乐队的歌曲“我们能够联合”和“志
愿者”<
/p>
（有一场革命）则是激进青年的更进一步的两项声明。
The Beatles, Horowitz said,
urged peace and piety, with humor and maybe a
little help from drugs.
The Rolling
Stones, arrogant street-
fighting men,
demanded revolution. The Jefferson Airplane‘s
―We Can Be Together‖ and
V
olunteers (Got a Revolution)‖ were two
further statements of radical
youth.
但政治并不是
60
< br>年代强硬派摇滚乐所辩论的惟一主题，始终作为任何音乐永恒组成部分的
情感也是
一个重要题目。
But
politics wasn‘t the only subject debated in the
hard rock of the sixties. Feelings, always a part
of any musical statement, were a major
subject.
詹妮丝
?
乔普林用歌声表达自己的悲哀。
Janis Jophin sang of her sadness.
甲壳虫乐队揭示出爱与恨之间的一系列的感情。
The Beatles showed there
were a range of emotions between love and hate.
以后又出现了
“乐队”
乐队把乡村音乐和西部音乐所表达的较为传统的观念与强硬派摇滚乐
较为激进
的“都市”观念结合在一起。
Then
came
The
Band,
mixing
the
more
traditional
ideas
of
country
and
western
music
into
the
more
radical ‖city‖ ideas of the hard rock.
霍洛威茨认为这一成分的乡村音乐帮助听众表达了一种
“摆脱这
一切”
，
“重返过去时光”
的
强烈愿望。
This country element, Horowitz feels,
helped its audience express an urge
to
―get away from it
all,‖ to ―go back to
the old day.
当前最能说明霍洛威茨看法的例
子之一就是约翰
?
丹佛，
他最著名的歌
曲
《阳光照在我肩上》
、
《高高的落基
山》和
《乡间小路》把民间摇滚乐的音乐灵魂与力量结合了起来，而歌词则赞
美了“往日美好时光”的朴素的欢乐。
.‖ One of the best current examples of
what Horotwitz is talking about is John Denver.
His most
3
notable songs
–
―Sunshine on My Shoulders‖, ―Rocky
Mountain High‖, and ―Country Road‖
–
combine the
musical drive and power of folk rock, while the
lyrics celebrate the simple joys of
―the good old days.‖
这样的例子不胜枚举。
The list could go on and on.
这些摇滚乐音乐家们和所有的艺术家一样反映出我们借以认识
并形成属于自己的感情与信
念。
Like all artists, these rock musicians
mirror feelings and beliefs that help us see and
form our own.
我们以什么来回报他们呢？当然是掌声和赞美。
What do we give them in
return? Applause and praise, of course.
在
1972
年的一次全国民意测验中，
10
％的男高中生和
30
％以上的女高中生都说他们最崇拜
的人是超级摇滚
歌星。
In one 1972,
national opinion poll, more than 10 percent of the
high school boys and 20 percent of
the
girls said their hero was a rock superstar.
此外我们给他们金钱，
商业杂志
《福布斯》
认为，
“当今成为百万富翁的捷径是当摇滚歌星。
”
We also give them money.
―The fastest way
to become a
millionaire these days,‖ says Forbes, a
business magazine, ―is to become a rock
?n‘ roll star.‖
今天的英雄们——至少其
中一部分人——告诉我们，他们很喜欢所得到的报偿。
Today‘s heroes –
some of
them, anyway
–
tell us they
enjoy their rewards.
“我暗自嘲笑
这些先生们和女士们
,
他们从没想到过我们会成为金娃娃。
”
演唱这支歌曲的是
“文化英雄”艾利丝<
/p>
?
库珀。
“
And I laughed to myself at
the men and the ladies. Who never conceived of us
billion-dollar
babies.‖ The particular
―culture hero‖ who sings that is Alice cooper.
可是，仍然存在着一个大问题：为什么他是文化英雄？
The big question remains:
Why is he a culture hero?
他
，或者当今任何其他走红的摇滚歌星能告诉我们些什么有关他们的歌迷的事情？
What does he
–
or any other current rock
success
–
tell us about his
fans?
对于我们自己和我们的社会有些什么了解？现在
怎样，过去如何，将来又将向何处去？
About ourselves and our society? Where
it is, where it was, where it‘s heading?
词汇
(Vocabulary)
sprinkle:
v. scatter or throw sth. in small drops
or particles etc. on (a surface); spread
Every morning the
sanitation workers sprinkle water on the dusty
streets.
每天早上清
洁工人都要往尘土飞扬的街道上
洒水。
Sprinkle sand along the icy
path.
把沙撒在冰封的路上。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
adulation:
n. excessive
admiration or praise; flattery
The magazine is full of the
fan' s adulation of their favorite pop stars.
杂志上充满了歌
迷对他们所喜爱的歌手的吹捧。
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
adulate:
v. flatter
He
respected science without adulating it.
他尊重科学而不迷
4
信科学。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
reject:
v. put aside, throw away, as not good
enough to be kept; refuse to accept
The
ides that the earth is flat was rejected centuries
ago.
地球是扁平的理论几百年前
就被否决了。
The army doctors rejected
several recruits as unfit.
军医拒收几名新兵，
认为他们身体
不合格。
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
embody:
v. express or give visible form to
ideas, feelings, etc.
include or contain sth.
To me, he embodies all the best
qualities of a teacher.
在我
看来，他身上体现了教师应有的一切优秀品质。
It' s necessary for the officials to
embody principles in
actions.
对官员们来说，用行动体现原则很有必要。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
editorialize:
v. announce editorial
All the local papers
editorialized on the subject.
当地所有报
纸都对这一问题发表了社论。
Youth editorialized against depriving
poor children of oppo
rtunities to be
educated.
青年报发表社论反对剥夺贫穷孩子受教育
的机会。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
bewilderment:
n. state of
being confused.
The
child watched the noisy crowd in bewilderment.
孩子目瞪
口呆地看着嘈杂的人群。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
bewilder:
v. confuse
The city traffic often bewildered me
when I was young.
小时
候，城市交通常使我不知所措。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
urge:
v. push or drive on, press sth. with
requests and arguments
He urged that we should go. (He urged
us to go.)
他催我们走。
They urged direct use of troops to try
to suppress the movement.
他们敦促使用军队镇压这场运动。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
drive:
n. energy; capacity to get things done
He is a young man with
brains, drive and initiative.
他年轻，
有头脑，有精力，还有进取心。
5
The new
headmaster is lacking in drive.
新校长缺乏魄力。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
celebrate:
v. praise;
honor
Today his words and deeds are
celebrated throughout the land.
今天他的言行受到全国人民的赞颂。
The
deeds of many heroes are celebrated by poets.
许多英雄
的行为受到诗人的赞美。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
mirror:
v. reflect as
in a mirror
The trees were
mirrored in the still water of the lake.
静静的湖
水映出岸上的树木。
The
decline in his influence mirrors a drop in his
prestige.
他
的影响减弱反映出他的威信下降。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
短语
(Expressions)
dressed in sth: wearing sth.
The bride was dressed in white.
新娘穿一身白色的礼服。
They wanted to be dressed in clothes of
virtue.
他们想穿得道貌
岸然。
---------------
--------------------------------------------------
----
act out: perform action
which represent, and may help to release,
the fears, etc
She acted out the role of
wronged lover to make him feel guilty.
她装扮作受冤枉的情人，好让他感到内疚。
The actress has acted out the heroine's
part in detail.
女演员把
女主人公这个角色细腻地表现出来。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
rather than: by
preference or choice
These shoes are comfortable rather than
pretty.
这鞋不好看，但很
舒服。
Rather than
allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at
half
price.
与其让蔬菜烂掉，他干脆以半价卖掉了。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
sing of: to speak, tell about, or
praise in poetry or songs
The poet sang
of victory.
诗人歌颂胜利。
They sang of his brave deeds.
他们称颂他的英勇行为。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
in return: as
repayment
He gave her
some roses in return for her kindness.
他送她一些玫
6
瑰花答谢她的好意。
How
much did he give you in return for your bicycle?
他买你的自
行车给了你多少钱？
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
conceive of:
form an idea in the mind
It
is difficult to conceive of traveling to the moon.
很难想象去
月球旅行的情景。
I
can't conceive of your allowing the child to
travel alone.
我
想不通你为什么让孩子独自旅行。
词语辨析
(Word
analysis)
adulation, admiration
adulation:
excessive admiration or praise, flattery
奉承
He received
adulations from many people.
他受到许多人的奉承。
admiration: feeling of
respect, warm approval
钦佩，佩服
She was filled with admiration for his
courage.
她对他的勇气
充满敬意。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
argue, debate
argue: give reasons for or against sth.
esp. with the aim of
persuading sb.
争论
The lawyers argued the case for hours.
律师们对这个案子
辩论了几个小时。
debate
: formally
argue, esp. defend one‘s position and
attack
his opponent
’
s
point of view
辩论
The
House of Representatives debated the proposal for
three days.
众议院就这个提案辩论了三天。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
arrogant, proud
arrogant:
showing too much pride in oneself and too little
consideration for others
傲慢
It
’
s arrogant of
you to assume you
’
ll win
every time.
你
自以为每次都能赢，未免太自大了。
proud: feeling or showing
just or reasonable pride
骄傲
We are proud of our country.
我们为祖国感到骄傲。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
conceive, imagine
conceive: form an idea,
plan, etc. in the mind, often used in
the
phrase
“
conceive of
sth.
”
想到
The ancients
conceived (of) the world as flat.
古人认为地球
是扁的。
imagine: form a mental ..image of sth.
想象
Can you imagine
what it would be like to live without
electricity?
你能想象出生活中没有电会是一幅什么样的情景吗？
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
7
confuse,
bewilder
confuse: make sb. unable to think or
act clearly
使??糊涂
They confused me by asking so many
questions.
他们提了一
大堆问题，把我都弄糊涂了。
bewilder: confuse, esp. by
the presence of many different or
complicated things at the same time
因太复杂而
使??不知所措，糊涂
I
was totally bewildered by the clues to this
crossword
puzzle.
这个纵横字谜的提示完全把我弄糊涂了。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
ideal, idealistic
ideal: satisfying one‘s
idea of what is perfect, most suitable,
unrealistic
理想的，不切实际的
It
is the ideal weather for a holiday.
这是度假的理想天气。
These are ideal plans for reform.
这些都是不切实际的改革计划。
idealistic: of idealism or
of person who has high ideals
理想
主义的，理想主义者的
He
is too idealistic as a politician.
作为政治家，他太理
想主义了。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
mix, blend
mix: put together tow or more things to
make sth. else
混合
You mix flour and water to make paste.
你把面粉与水和在一
起，调制成面糊。
blend: mix thoroughly
融合
Blend blue and
yellow, and you
’
ll get
green.
把蓝色和黄色
混合，就可以得到绿色。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
ramble, rumble
ramble: walk
for pleasure with no special destination
漫步，散步
I
like rambling in the country.
我喜欢在乡间漫步。
rumble: make a deep heavy
continuous sound
发出隆隆声
I heard thunder rumbling in the
distance.
我听见远方雷声隆隆。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
难句理解
(Sentence
comprehension)
§
They think he‘s sick, sick, sick.
They think he
is disgusting.(They think his performance is
disgusting.)
他们觉得他的表演太恶心。
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
§
Horowitz sees the rock music arena as a sort of
debating
forum, a place where ideas clash and
crash.
Horowitz regards the rock music arena
as a sort of arguing
8
place, where people with
different ideas can argue with
each other.
霍洛威茨把摇滚乐舞台视为一种争辩的论坛，一个各
种思想交锋的场所。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
§
Newspapers editorialized
against him.
Newspapers carry the editor‘s articles
criticizing him.
报纸刊登文章抨击他。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
§
Most of the older viewers
frowned, while most of the younger
viewers
applauded.
Most of the older audience were against
it, but most of the
younger
audience were for it.
大多数成年观众皱眉不满，而大
多数年轻观众则鼓掌欢迎。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
§
He spoke of change and of
the bewilderment of an older generation.
He touched on
change and the confusion of the elder people in
his songs.
他唱到变革和老一代的困惑。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
§
The Beatles urged peace
and piety.
The
Beatles strongly advocated peace and piety.
甲壳虫乐队敦促
和平与虔诚。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
Lesson 2: Four
Choices for Young People
在毕业前不久，
斯坦福大学四年级主席吉姆
?
宾司给我写了一封信，<
/p>
信中谈及他的一些不安。
Shortly
before
his
graduation,
Jim
Binns,
president
of
the
senior
class
at
Stanford
University,
wrote me about some of his misgivings.
他写道：
“与其他任何一代人相比，
我们这一代人在看待成人世界时抱有更大的疑虑??同
时越来越倾向于全盘否定成人世界
。
”
“
More
than
any
other
generation,‖
he
said,
―our
generation
views
the
adult
world
with
great
skepticism… there is also an increased
tendency to reject completely that world.‖
很明显，他的话代表了许多同龄人的看法。
Apparently he speaks for a
lot of his contemporaries.
在过去的几年里，我倾听过许多年轻人的谈话，他们有的还在大学读书，有的已经毕业，他
们对于成人的世界同样感到不安。
During the last few years, I have
listened to scores of young people, in college and
out, who were
just as nervous about the
grown world.
大致来说，
他们的态度可归纳如下：
“这个世界乱糟糟的，
到处充满了
不平等、贫困和战争。
对此该负责的大概应是那些管理这个世界的成年人吧。
如果他们不能做得比这些更好，
他们
9
又能拿什么来教育我们呢？这样的
教导，我们根本不需要。
”
Roughly,
their
attitude
might
be
summed
up
about
like this:
―The
world
is
in
pretty
much
of
a
mess, full of injustice,
poverty, and war. The people responsible are,
presumably, the adults who
have
been
running
thing.
If
they
can‘t
do
better
than
that,
what
have
they
got
to
teach
our
generation? That kind of lesson we can
do without.‖
我觉得这些结论合情合理，至少从他们的角度来看是这样的。
There conclusions strike me
as reasonable, at least from their point of view.
对成长中的一代人来说，
相关的问题
不是我们的社会是否完美
（我们可以想当然地认为是这
样）
，而是应该如何去应付它。
The relevant question for the arriving
generation is not whether our society is imperfect
(we can
take that for granted), but how
to deal with it.
尽管这个社会严酷而不
合情理，但它毕竟是我们惟一拥有的世界。
For all its harshness and
irrationality, it is the only w
orld
we‘ve got.
因此，
选择
一个办法去应付这个社会是刚刚步入成年的年轻人必须作出的第一个决定，
这通
常是他们一生中最重要的决定。
Choosing
a
strategy
to
cope
with
it,
then,
is
the
first
decision
young
adults
have
to
make,
and
usually
the most important decision of their lifetime.
根据我的发现，他们的基本选择只有四种：
So far as I have been able
to discover, there are only four basic
alternatives:
1
）脱离传统社会
1
）
Drop Out
这是最古老的方法之一，
任何年龄的
人无论在任何地方，
也无论是否使用迷幻剂都可以采用。
This
is
one
of
the
oldest expedients,
and
it
can
be
practiced
anywhere,
at
any
age,
and
with or
without the use of hallucinogens.
那些认为这个世界残酷、复杂得令人难以忍受的人通常会选择
这个办法。
It always
has been the strategy of choice for people who
find the world too brutal or too complex
to be endured.
实
质上，
这是一种寄生式的生活方式，
采取此策略的人通过这样或
那样的方式寄生于这个他
们蔑视的社会，并且拒绝对这个社会承担责任
< br>
By definition, this way
of life is parasitic. In one way or another, its
practitioners batten on the
society
which they scorn and in which they refuse to take
any responsibility.
我们中的一些人对此很厌恶——认为这种生活方式很不光彩。
Some of us find this
distasteful
–
an undignified
kind of life.
但对于那些卑微、懒惰又缺乏
自尊的人来说，这也许是可行的最可以忍受的选择了。
But for the poor in spirit, with low
levels of both energy and pride, it may be the
least intolerable
choice available.
2
）逃避现实社会
2) Flee
这个策略早在远古就有先例。
This strategy also has ancient
antecedents.
自文明诞生以来，就有人企图逃
避文明社会，
希望寻求一种更为朴素、
更富田园风情、
更为
宁静的生活。
Ever since civilization began, certain
individuals have tried to run away from it in
hopes of finding
a simpler, more
pastoral, and more peaceful life.
10
与
那些脱离传统社会的人不同，
这些人不是寄生者。
他们愿意自食
其力，
愿意为社会作出贡
献，
可是他们
就是不喜欢这个文明世界的环境。
确地说，
不喜欢这充满丑恶和
紧张的大都市。
Unlike
the
dropouts,
they
are
not
parasites.
They
are
willing
to
support
themselves
and
to
contribute
something
to
the
general
community,
but
they
simply
don‘t
like
the
environment
of
civilization; that is, the city, with
all its ugliness and tension.
这种方法的问题在于无法大规模地进行实践。
The trouble with this
solution is that it no longer is practical on a
large scale.
不幸的是，
在我们的地球上，
高尚的野蛮人和未被破坏的自然景色已越来越少；
除了两极地
区以外已经没有未开发的土地了。
Our planet, unfortunately,
is running out of noble savages and unsullied
landscaped; except for the
polar
regions, the frontiers are gone.
少数富有的乡绅还可以逃避现实去过田园生活——但总的说来，
迁移的潮流
是向相反的方向
流动。
A few gentleman farmers with plenty of
money can still escape to the bucolic life
–
but in general
the stream of migration is flowing the
other way.
3
）策划革命
Plot a Revolution
在对民主进程单调乏味的运作方式毫无耐心或相信只有武力才
能改变基本社会制度的那些
人中，这一策略颇受欢迎。
This strategy is always
popular among those who have no patience with the
tedious working of the
democratic
process or who believe that basic institutions can
only be changed by force.
它吸引了每一代年轻人中那些更为活跃和更具理想主义的人。
It attracts some of the
more active and idealistic young people of every
generation.
对他们来说，
这种策略具有浪漫的吸引力，
通常以某位魅力非凡且令人振奋的人物为其象征。
To them it offers
a romantic appeal, usually symbolized by some
dashing and charismatic figure.
这一策略简单明了并具有更大的吸引力：
“既然这个社会已经无可救药，
那就让我们砸碎它，
在它的废墟上面建一个更好的社会。
”
It has
the even greater appeal of simplicity: ―Since this
society is hopelessly bad, let‘s smash it and
build something better on the ruins.‖
我最好的朋友中有些是革命者，他们中的一些人过得相当满足。
Some
of
my
best
friends
have
been
revolutionists,
and
a
few
of
them
have
led
reasonably
satisfying lives.
这部分人其实是那些革命并未成功的人，
他们可以继续兴高采烈地策划大屠杀，
直至老态龙
钟。
These are the
ones whose revolutions did not come off; they have
been able to keep on cheerfully
plotting their holocausts right into
their senescence.
另外一些人年纪轻轻就死了，死在监狱里或街垒旁。
Others died young, in
prison or on the barricades.
但最不幸的是那些革命成功的人。
But the most unfortunate are those
whose revolutions have succeeded.
他们极度失望，
看到他们推翻的权力机构又被新机构所替代，
而新机构依旧是那样冷酷，
那
样毫无生机。
They lived in
bitter disillusionment, to see the establishment
they had overthrown replaced by a
new
one, just as hard-faced and stuffy.
11
当然，我并不是说革命一无所成。
I am not, of course, suggesting that
revolutions accomplish nothing.
一些革命（美国革命，法国革命）确实将事情变得越来越好。
Some (The American
Revolution, the French Revolution) clearly do
change things for the better.
< br>我只是想说革命无论成败，那些策划革命的革命者们都注定要失望。
My
point
is
merely
that
the
idealists
who
make
the
revolution
are
bound
to
be
disappointed
in
either case.
因为胜
利的曙光无论如何也不会照耀在他们梦想中的那个摆脱了人类一切卑劣的灿烂的新
世界上
。
For at best
their victory never dawns on the shining new world
they had dreamed of, cleansed of
all
human meanness.
相反，它照在了一个熟悉
的平庸的地方，这个地方仍旧需要食品杂货和污水排放。
Instead it dawns on a familiar,
workaday place, still in need of groceries and
sewage disposal.
无论贴着什么样的政治
标签，
革命后的国家都不是由激进的浪漫主义者来治理，
而是由
市场
营销、卫生工程和管理官僚机构的专家来治理。
The revolutionary state,
under whatever political label, has to be run-not
by violent romantics-but
by experts in
marketing, sanitary engineering, and the
management of bureaucracies.
对一些决心改造社会，但同时又希望能找到一种比武装革命更可行的方法的理想主义者来
说，还有另外一种选择。
For the idealists who are determined to
remake society, but who seek a more practical
method than
armed revolution, there
remains one more alternative.
4
）循序渐进，逐步改变社会
Try to Change the World
Gradually, One Clod at a Time
乍一看，这一途径毫无吸引力。
At first glance, this course is far
from inviting.
它缺乏魅力，并且见效很慢。
It lacks glamour. It promises no quick
results.
它依靠劝说和民主决策这些令人恼火且不可靠的方法来实现。
It depends on the
exasperating and uncertain instruments of
persuasion and democratic decision
making.
它需要耐心，可我们却总是缺乏耐心。
It demands patience, always
in short supply.
它惟一的好处是有时这
方法行得通——在这个特定的时间和地点，
它比其他的任何策略都更
有可能制止世界上的某些恶行。
About all that can be said for it is
that it sometimes works
–
that in this particular time and place it
offers
a
better
chance
f
or
remedying
some
of
the
world‘s
outrages
than
any
other
available
strategy.
至少历史事实似乎证明了这一点。
So at least the historical evidence
seems to suggest.
我大学毕业的时候，我们这一代人也发现世界乱得一团糟。
When I was graduating from
college, my generation also found the world in a
mess.
几乎所有地方的经济机构都已崩溃，在美国几乎
四分之一的人口失业。
The
economic machinery had broken down almost
everywhere: In this country nearly a quarter of
the population was out of work.
12
一场大战似乎在所难免。
A major was seemed all too likely.
当时作为校报编辑，对这些我曾经猛烈地抗议过，像今天的学
生积极分子一样。
As a
college newspaper editor at that time, I protested
against this just as vehemently as student
activists are protesting today.
与此同时，
我们这一代人渐渐发现改
造世界有点像在亚平宁山区打仗一样。
你刚刚占领一条
山脉，另
一条山脉又在前方隐现。
At
the same time, my generation was discovering that
reforming the world is a little like fighting a
military
campaign
in
the
Apennines,
as
soon
as
you
capture
one
mountain
range,
another
one
looms
just ahead.
当
20<
/p>
世纪
30
年代的大问题刚刚勉强得到控制
，
新的问题又出现了——富足社会中出现的崭
新问题，如种族平
等，保证城市环境适于居住，应付各种陌生伪装下的战争等等。
As the big problems of the
thirties were brought under some kind of rough
control, new problems
took their place
–
the unprecedented problems
of an, affluent society, of racial justice, of
keeping
our cities from becoming
uninhabitable, of coping with war in unfamiliar
guises.
最令人不安的是我们发现了人口爆炸这一问题。
Most disturbing of all was
our discovery of the population explosion.
我们突然意识到我们这艘载人小飞船上的乘客数目大约每
40
年翻一倍。
It dawned on us rather suddenly that
the number of passengers on the small spaceship we
inhabit
is doubling about every forty
years.
只要地球上的人口持续地按这个可怕的速度增
长，其他所有问题都将无法解决。
So long as the earth‘s population keeps
growing at this cancerous rate, all of the other
problems
appear virtually insoluble.
我们的城市会变得越来越拥挤，景色会变得更加杂乱，空气和
水也会变得愈发肮脏。
Our
cities
will
continue
to
become
more
crowded
and
noisome.
The
landscape
will
get
more
cluttered, the air and water even
dirtier.
所有人的生活质量都会不断恶化。
The quality of life is likely to become
steadily worse for everybody.
< br>如果过多的人必须为了争夺日益减少的食物份额和生存空间而争斗的话，
战争的升
级看来是
无法避免的。
And
warfare
on
a
rising
scale
seems
inevitable
if
too
many
bodies
have
to
struggle
for
ever-dwindling shares of food and
living space.
因此吉姆
?
宾司这代人要承担一项艰巨的任务。
So Jim Binns‘ generation
has a formidable job on its hands.
但我认为这并不是无法克服的困难。
But not, I think, an insuperable one.
过去的事实证明，
处理这项艰巨任务
完全可采用以前解决困难问外时使用的方法——从实际
效果出发，一点一滴，通过大家不
懈的努力来完成。
On
the
evidence
of
the
past,
it
can
be
handled
in
the
same
way
that
hard
problems
have
been
coped with before-
piecemeal, pragmatically, by the dogged efforts of
many people.
使用暴力
词汇
(V
ocabulary)
expedient:
13
n.
means of achieving an aim
权宜之计，应急手段
adj. to be
useful for a purpose
有用，可取
They resorted to various
expedients to get the money together.
他们采取了各种应急办法筹款。
Aspirin is useful expedient for dulling
minor pain.
阿司匹林是
缓解较轻疼痛的有用应急药物。
In times of war governments do things
because they are expedient.
战争时期政府做一些事情，是因其有利。
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
expedience (cy)
n. suitability for a purpose
适宜，有利
Act from expedience, not from
principle.
因有利而行事，并非根
据原则。
---------------
--------------------------------------------------
----
distasteful:
adj. disagreeable,
unpleasant
讨厌的，令人不快的
distasteful behavior
讨厌的行为
a
distasteful incident
使人不快的事
It is distasteful to me to
have to say this.
我不得不这样说，使
我很不愉快。
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
distaste:
n. dislike
不喜欢，讨厌
He turned away in distaste.
他厌恶地转过脸。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
symbolize:
v. make use of a symbol for
象征
Dove symbolizes peace.
鸽子象征着和平。
The poet has symbolized his lover with
a flower.
那诗人用花象征
他的爱人。
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
symbol:
n. ..image or object that suggests sth.
else
象征，标志
The lion is the symbol of courage.
狮子是勇武的象征。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
symbolic:
adj. using a symbol
象征
(
性
)
的
< br>
The
cross is symbolic of Christianity.
十字架是基督教的象征。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
contribute:
v. give one‘s share of
(
money, help, advice, etc.) to help a
joint cause,
捐助，贡献
Everyone should contribute what he or
she can afford.
人人都应尽
自己的能力作贡献。
14
The chairman encourages everyone to
contribute to the discussion.
主席鼓励大家参与讨论。
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
disillusionment:
n. freedom from illusions
幻灭，醒悟
disillusionment of Americans with the
American way of life
美国
人对美国生活方式的幻灭
The best young men in their
disillusionment will drift to other
jobs.
最优秀的青年在失望之余将离职去干别的工作。
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
disillusion:
v. set free from mistaken beliefs
使觉醒，使幻想破灭
They had thought that the new colony
would be a paradise, but
they were soon disillusioned.
他们原以为新殖民地是一个天堂，但
不久便从幻想中觉醒。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
accomplish:
v. succeed in doing sth., finish
successfully
实现，完成
He is a man who will never
accomplish anything.
他是一个永远一
事无成的人。
We can accomplish whatever
you can accomplish, and with better
results.
你们能做到的事情，我们也能做到，而且会做得更好。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
remedy:
v. put or make right (anything bad)
纠正，补救
The situation could not be remedied.
情况已无可挽救。
We are prepared to do whatever
necessary to remedy the losses.
我们准备采取一切措施弥补损失。
n.
a way of curing (pain or disease);
a way of setting right
(anything bad)
消除病痛的治疗；纠
正不良事物的方法
I often use herbal remedies.
我常用草药治病。
He found a remedy for his grief in
constant hard work.
他找到
了排忧解愁的方法，就是一刻不停地努力工作。
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
loom:
v. appear in an indistinct and often
threatening way; appear
important or threatening
隐约出
现（显得令人生畏）
；显得重要或
令人生畏
The mountains loomed blue-green over
the valley.
影影绰绰的苍
翠山峦俯视着山谷。
The prospect of war loomed large in
everyone
’
s mind.
战争将起
的庞大阴影威慑人心。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
15
clutter:
v. fill or
cover sth. in an untidy way
胡乱填满、塞满
Don
’
t clutter up
my desk. I
’
ve just tidied
it.
不要在我的书
桌上乱放东西，我刚收拾好。
His
head is cluttered with useless facts.
他满脑子杂七杂八的
闲事。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
dwindle:
v. become
gradually less or smaller
逐渐变少或变小
Their savings have dwindled away to
nothing.
他们的存款已减少
到分文不剩。
My voice dwindled into silence.
我的声音越来越弱，最后一点也
听不见了。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
短语
(Expessions)
do without:(oft. Used with can and
could) manage without
sb. / sth.
没有也行
He
can
’
t do without the service
of a secretary.
他不能没有
秘书的协助
If we can‘t afford a car, we‘ll just
ha
ve to do without one.
我们要是买不起车，也就只好不用了。
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
strike sb. as sth.: have an effort on
sb.; impress
sb.
对某人产生效果；给人留下印象
The
plan strikes me as ridiculous.
我觉得这个计划荒谬可笑。
The house strikes you as welcoming when
you go in.
这所房子一进
去就感到很舒服。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
drop out (of sth.): withdraw from
conventional society; leave
school, etc. without
finishing one
’
s courses
脱离传统社会；
中途退学
Hippies dropped out completely.
嬉皮士们完全逃避社会现实。
She got a scholarship to Cambridge but
dropped out a year later.
她得到了剑桥大学的奖学金，但一年以后就退学了。
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
come off: (of a plan, scheme, etc.):
have the intended effect or
result; take place
成功；达到预期目标
His
attempt to break the world record really came off.
他想
要打破世界记录，也接近成功。
The film doesn
’
t
quite come off.
这部电影不很成功。
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
16
cleanse sb. of sth.: make thoroughly
clean
彻底清洗
She
felt cleansed of her sin after confession.
她忏悔之后觉得自
己的罪洗清了。
The minister
’
s
soothing words cleansed my heart of guilt.
牧师
的一席话消除了我的负罪感。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
break down: collapse; cease to function
because of a mechanical or
electrical fault; lose control of
one
’
s feelings
瓦解；
失效；感情失控
Our
car broke down on the freeway.
我们的汽车在高速公路上抛锚了。
He
broke down and wept when he heard the news.
他听了这个消息，不
禁失声痛哭起来。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
down on sb.: gr
adually
become clear to someone‘s mind; become
evident to sb.
逐渐明白
It finally
dawned on me that he had been lying.
最后我才明白他
一直在撒谎。
The truth finally dawned on him.
他最终明白了真相。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
on
one
’
s hands: resting on ones
as a responsibility
有本人负责
She has a large family on her hands.
她有许多子女要照顾。
He has got much time on his hands.
他有许多时间可以自由支配。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
for
all: in spite of; despite
尽管
For all you say, I think
she
’
s the best teacher
we
’
ve got.
不管
你怎么说，我仍然认为她是我们最好的老师。
He has great power and
wealth, but is still unhappy for all that.
他有钱有势，尽管如此他并不愉快。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
run
out of (sth): (of a supply of sth.) be used up,
finished;
(of a person) use up or finish
用完，耗尽
We
are running out of petrol.
我们的汽油快用完了。
Our time is running out.
我们剩下的时间不多了。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
batten on sb./ sth. thrive or live well
at the expense of sb./ sth.
损及别人或某物以利己
She
avoided having to work by battening on her rich
relatives.
她
仗着她那有钱的亲戚而不必工作，得以坐享清福。
The capitalists batten on
the blood of the workers.
资本家靠榨取
工人的血汗养肥自己。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
词语辨析
(Word analysis)
sight, glance
17
sight: n. ability to see; action of
seeing
视力；看见
Some drugs can affect your sight.
有些药物会影响视力。
Their first sight of land came after
ten days at sea.
他们在
海上十天之后首次看到陆地。
glance: n. quick look
一瞥
She walked off
without a glance in my direction.
她扬长而去，
都不朝我这儿看一眼。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
relevant,
relative
relevant: connected with what is being
discussed, what is
happening, what
is being done
有关的，切题的
the facts relevant to the
case
与案件有关的事实
I
don
’
t think his remarks are
relevant to our discussion.
我
认为他的话不切我们的议题。
relative: having a
connection with sth; referring to sth.
与某事有关的，涉及某事的
the facts relative to the
problem
与问题有关的事实
Keep your comments relative to what is
under discussion.
把你
的发言集中在正在讨论的问题上。
区别：
relevant
可用作定语，如：
a highly relevant
suggestion
密切
相关的建议
, relative
作定语只用于语法术语，如：
a relative
pronoun
关系代词
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
exasperate, exhiarate
exasperate:
irritate or annoy (sb.) greatly
激怒，恼怒
That child exasperated me.
那孩子让我很生气。
She
was exasperated at / by his stupidity.
她因为他愚笨而发怒。
exhilarate: make sb. feel
very happy or lively
使人愉快或活跃
We felt exhilarated by our walk along
the beach.
我们沿着海滩
散步感到心旷神怡。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
noisome, noisy
noisome: offensive,
disgusting
令人不快的，令人讨厌的
They are most noisome politicians of
that century.
他们是
那个世纪最令人厌恶的政客。
noisy: full of
noise
喧闹的，嘈杂的
I
can
’
t work in here ----
it
’
s far too noisy.
我无法在这
里工作，太吵了。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
live, inhabit
live: vi. make
one
’
s home
居住，住
live at home, in London, in a flat
住在家中，伦敦，公寓
inhabit: vt.
live in, occupy
居住于，
占据
He inhabited a
small two-room flat.
他住在一套两室的小公寓里。
18
---------------
--------------------------------------------------
----
clutter, jumble
clutter: fill
or cover sth. in an untidy way
胡乱地塞满或覆盖
Don
’
t clutter
（
up
）
my
desk ---- I
’
ve just tidied
it.
不要在
我的书桌上乱放东西，我刚收拾好。
jumble: mix in a confused
way
胡乱混在一起
Toys, books, shoes and clothes were
jumbled (up) on the floor.
玩具，书，鞋，衣服都杂乱地堆在地上。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
appeal, attraction
appeal:
①
earnest request
恳求，呼吁
②
attractiveness, interest
吸引力，兴趣
The
mayor launched an appeal the public to give blood
to the
victims of the disaster.
市长向公众呼吁为灾难的受害者献血。
This kind of music
hasn
’
t much appeal for me.
这种音乐对我
没什么吸引力。
attraction:
action or power of attracting
吸引，吸引力
The
television has little attraction for me.
电视对我没什
么吸引力。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
wholesome,
healthy
wholesome: good for
one
’
s health or well-being
有益于健康的
plain but wholesome meals
清淡而有益于健康的饭菜
Milk is very wholesome.
牛奶对健康大有好处。
healthy: having
good health
健康的
a
healthy child, tree
健康的孩子，茁壮的树木
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
难句理解
(Sentence
comprehension)
§
Apparently he speaks for a
lot of his contemporaries.
It‘s obvious that he states the views
of a lot of people of
his
time.
显然他道出了许多同龄人的看法。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
§
The people
responsible are, presumably, the adults who have
been
running things.
Probably it is caused by the adults who
have been controlling
the world.
对此承担责任的应该是那些一直掌管大事的成年人。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
§
This strategy
also has ancient antecedents.
Our ancestors also
conducted this practice to run away from
19
cities.
这种策略也有古老的先例。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
§
A few gentleman farmers
with plenty of money can still escape to
the
bucolic life but in general the stream of
migration of
flowing the other way.
Only some rich men can
escape to the countryside. They own farms
but hire others to do most of farming.
But generally speaking
people are
moving in a large number from the countryside to
the
cities.
尽管有少数富有的乡绅仍可逃离城市，遁入田园，但总的迁徙
趋势还是从乡村到城市。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
§
It has the even greater appeal of simplicity:
―Since this
society is hopelessly bad,
let‘s smash it and build something
better on the ruins.‖
This strategy
is simple so that it has the even greater
attraction. As this society is ruined
without any hope, we'd
rather destroy
it and build a better one instead.
这一策略由
于简单
，因此具有更大的吸引力：
“既然这个社会已经坏到毫无希望
的地步，那就让我们砸碎它，在它的废墟上建起一个更加美好的世界。
”
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
§
Instead it
dawns on a familiar, workaday place, still in need
of
groceries and sewage disposal.
Instead people
still take up the work as before, need the same
food to live on and the same waste
disposal.
胜利的曙光还是洒
在一个熟悉的，平凡庸碌的地方，仍需要食品杂货和污水处理的地方。
---------------------------------------
------------------------------
§
At first glance, this
course is far from inviting.
When examined for the first
time, this way is lacking in
attraction.
乍一看，这一途径毫无吸引力。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
§
So Jim Binns‘ ge
neration has a
formidable job on its hands.
But not, I
think, an insuperable one.
So Jim Binns‘ generation has a
difficult job to cope with.
But
I don
’
t think it
can
’
t be overcome.
因此吉姆
?
宾斯这一
代人肩负着极其艰巨的任务，但我认为这并不是无法完成的任务。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
Lesson 3: The Use of
Force
使用暴力
20
他们是我的新病人，我所知道的只有名字，奥尔逊。
They were new patients to
me, all I had was the name, Olson.
请您尽快赶来，我女儿病得很重。
“
Please come down as soon as
you can, my daughte
r is very sick.‖
当我到达时，
孩子的母亲迎接了我，
这是一位看上去惊恐不安的妇人，
衣着整洁却一脸忧伤
的神色她只是说，这位就是医生吗？
When I arrived I was met by the mother,
a big startled looking woman, very clean and
apologetic
who merely said, Is this the
doctor?
然后带我进了屋。
And let me in.
在后面，她又说到，请你一定要原谅我们，医生，我们让她呆在厨房里，那儿暖和，这里
有
时很潮湿。
In the back, she added. You must excuse
us, doctor, we have her in the kitchen where it is
warm. It
is very damp here sometimes.
在厨房的桌子旁边，这个孩子穿得严严实实的，坐在她父亲的
腿上。
The child
was fully dressed and sitting on here father‘s lap
near t
he kitchen table.
他父亲试图站起来，但我向他示意不用麻烦，然后我脱下外套开始检查。
He tried to get up, but I
motioned for him not to bother, took off my
overcoat and started to look
things
over.
我能够觉察出他们都很紧张，而且用怀疑的眼光上下打量着我。
I could see that they were
all very nervous, eyeing me up and down
distrustfully.
在这种情形下，
他们通常不会提供太多的情况，
而是等着我告诉他们病情，
这就是为什么他
们会在我身上花
3
美元。
As often,
in such cases, they weren‘t telling me more than
they had to, it was up to me to tell them;
that‘s why they were spending three
dollars on me.
这个孩子用她那冷漠而镇定
的目光目不转睛地盯着我，脸上没有任何表情。
The
child
was
fairly
eating
me
up
with
her
cold,
steady
eyes,
and
no
expression
on
her
face
whatever.
<
/p>
她纹丝不动，
内心似乎很平静。
这是一个
非常惹人喜爱的小东西，
外表长得象小牛一样结实。
She did not move and
seemed, inwardly, quiet; an unusually attractive
little thing, and as strong as
a heifer
in appearance.
但是她的脸发红，而且呼吸急促，我知道她在发着高烧。
But her face was flushed,
she was breathing rapidly, and I realized that she
had a high fever.
她长着一头漂亮浓密
的金发，就像刊登在广告插页上和周日报纸图片版上的那些孩子一样。
She had magnificent blonde
hair, in profusion. One of those picture children
often reproduced in
advertising
leaflets and the photogravure sections of the
Sunday papers.
她发烧已经
3
天了，她父亲开口说，我们不知道是什么原因。
She‘s had a fever for three
days, began the father and we don‘t know what it
comes from.
我太太给她吃了一些药，你知道，
大家都是这样做的，可这些药根本不管用，而且，附近有
很多人都生了病，所以我们想请
您最好给她检查一下，然后告诉我们是怎么一回事。
My wife has given her things, you know,
like people do, but it don‘t do no good. And
there‘s been
a lot of sickness around.
So we tho‘t you‘d better look her over and tell us
what is the matter.
像医生们经常做
的那样，我问了个问题，想以此来猜测一下病症所在。
21
As doctors often do I took a trial shot
at it as a point of departure. Has she had a sore
throat?
父母两人一起回答说，没有??没有，她说她的嗓子不疼。
Both parents answered me
together, No…No, she says her throat don‘t hurt
her.
你嗓子疼吗？母亲又问了一下孩子。
Does your throat hurt you? Added the
mother to the child.
女孩的表情没
有任何变化，而她的目光却一直没有从我的脸上移开。
But the little girl‘s expression didn‘t
change nor did she move her eyes from my face.
你看过她的嗓子了吗？
Have you looked?
我想看，孩子的母亲说，但看不见。
I tried to, said the mother
but I couldn‘
t see.
这个月碰巧她上学的那个学校已经有好几例白喉病。
虽然到目前为止没有人说出
这件事，
但
很显然，我们心里都想到了。
As it happens we had been
having a number of cases of diphtheria in the
school to which this child
went during
that month and we were all, quite apparently,
thinking of that, though no one had as
yet spoken of the thing.
好了，我说，我们先看看嗓子吧。
Well, I said, suppose we take a look at
the throat first.
我以医生特有的职业
方式微笑着，叫着孩子的名字。我说，来吧，玛蒂尔达，张开嘴，让我
看一下你的嗓子。
I
smiled
in
my
best
professional
manner
and
asking
for
the
child‘s
first
name
I
said,
come
on,
Mathil
da, open your mouth
and let‘s take a look at your throat.
没有任何反应。
Nothing doing.
哦
，
来吧，
我劝道，
张大你的嘴，
让我看看。
看，
我说着把两只手伸开，
我的手里没有东西，
张大嘴，让我看看。
Aw, come on, I coaxed, just
open your mouth wide and let me take a look. Look,
I said opening
both hands wide, I
haven‘t
anything in my hands. Just open
up and let me see.
他是一个多好的人
呀，她的母亲插话道。你看他对你多好呀，来，听话。他不会伤害你的。
Such a nice man, put in the
mother. Look how kind he is to you. Come on, do
what he tells you to.
He won‘t hurt
you.
听到这里我狠狠地咬了咬牙，要是他们没用“伤害
”这个词，我也许能做点什么，但是我没
有着急或恼怒，而是慢声细语地说着话，一边再
次靠近这个孩子。
As that
I ground my teeth in disgust. If only they
wouldn‘t use the word ―hurt‖ I might be able to
get
somewhere.
But
I
did
not
allow
myself
to
be
hurried
or
disturbed
but
speaking
quietly
and
slowly I approached the
child again.
我刚将椅子拉近一点，突然，她
像猫一样双手本能地朝我的两眼抓去，我差一点被她抓到。
As I moved my chair a little nearer
suddenly with one catlike movement both her hands
clawed
instinctively for my eyes and
she almost reached them too.
好在她只是打掉了我的眼镜，虽然眼镜没有碎，但已落到了离我几英尺远的厨房地板上。
In fact she knocked my
glasses flying and they fell, though unbroken,
several feet away from me
on the
kitchen floor.
父母两人都非常尴尬，充满
歉意，你这个坏孩子，母亲一边说，一边抓着她，并摇晃着她的
一只手，你看看你做的事
。这么一个好人。
22
Both the mother
and father almost
turned themselves
inside out in embarrassment and apology.
You bad girl, said the mother, taking
her and shaking here by one arm. Look what you‘ve
done.
The nice man…
看在上帝的份上，我打断了她的话，请不要再在她面前说我是一个好人。
For heaven‘s sake, I broke
in. Don‘t call me a nice man to her.
<
/p>
我来是看看她的嗓子，也许她患了白喉，而且很可能会死于这种病。
I‘m here to
look
at her throat on the chance that
she might have diphtheria and possibly die of it.
但这一切她都不在乎，看这儿，我对女孩说，我们想看看你的
嗓子，你不小了，应该明白我
说的话，你是自己张开嘴呢，还是我们帮你张开？
But that‘s nothing
to her. Look here, I said to the child, we‘re
going to look at your throat. You‘re
old e
nough to understand
what I‘m saying. Will you open it now by yourself
or shall we have to
open it for you?
她仍然一动不动，甚至连表情都没有任何变化。
Not a move. Even her
expression hadn‘t changed.
但是她的呼吸却越来越急促。
Her breaths, however, were coming
faster and faster.
接着一场战役开始了，我不得不这样做。
Then the battle began. I
had to do it.
由于她的自我保护，我必须检查一下她的嗓子。
I had to have a throat
culture for her own protection.
可是我首先告诉家长这完全取决于他们。
But first I told the
parents that it was entirely up to them.
我说明了其危险性，但同时提出只要他们承担责任我就不会坚
持做这次喉咙检查。
I
explained
the
danger
but
said
that
I
would
not
insist
on
a
throat
examination
so
long
as
they
would take the responsibility.
如果你不按大夫说的去做，你就要去医院了，母亲严厉地警告
她。
If you don‘t
do what the doctor says you‘ll have to go to the
hospital, the mother admonished her
severely.
是吗？我只好
暗自笑了笑。毕竟我已经喜欢上了这个野蛮的小东西，但却看不起这对父母。
Oh yeah? I had to smile to
myself. After all, I had already fallen in love
with the savage brat, the
parents were
contemptible to me.
在接下来的“战
斗”中他们越来越难堪，被摧垮了，直至精疲力竭。而这个女孩由于恐惧，
她对我的抗拒
达到了惊人的地步。
In the
ensuing struggle they grew more and more abject,
crushed, exhausted while she surely rose
to magnificent heights of insane fury
of effort bred of her terror of me.
父亲尽了最大的努力，
他块头很大，
然而事
实上他面对着的是他的女儿，
由于对她的所作所
为感到愧疚和担
心伤到她，
他每次在我几乎就要成功了的关键时刻放开了她，
我
真恨不得杀
了他。
The father tried his best, and he was a
big man but the fact that she was his daughter,
his shame at
her behavior and his dread
of hurting her made him release her just at the
critical times when I had
almost
achieved success, till I wanted to kill him.
可是，因为又担心她真会患上白喉，尽管他自己就快昏到了，
他又告诉我继续，继续，而她
的母亲在我们的身后走来走去，忧愁万分地抖着双手。
But
his
dread
also
that
she might
have
diphtheria
made
him
tell
me
to
go on,
go
on
though he
23
himself
was
almost
fainting,
while
the
mother
moved
back
and
forth
behind
us
raising
and
lowering her hands in an agony of
apprehension.
把她放在你的大腿上，我命令道，抓住她的两个手腕。
Put her in front of you on
your lap, I ordered, and hold both her wrists.
然而他刚一动手，女孩就尖叫了一声。
But as soon as he did the
child let out a scream.
别这样，你会弄疼我的．
Don‘t, you‘re hurting me.
放开我的手，放手，我告诉你。
Let go of my hands. Let them go I tell
you.
接着她发出可怕的歇斯底里的尖叫，住手！住手！
你会弄死我的！
Then she
shrieked terrifyingly, hysterically. Stop it! Stop
it! You‘re killing me!
你觉得她受得了吗？医生！她母亲说。
Do you think she can stand
it, doctor! Said the mother.
你出去，丈夫对他的妻子说，你想让她死于白喉吗？
You get out, said the
husband to his wife. Do you want her to die of
diphtheria?
来吧，抓住她，我说道。
Come on now, hold her, I said.
接着我用左手掰住女孩的头，并试图将木制的压舌板伸进她的
嘴里。
Then I
grasped the child‘s head with my left hand and
tried to get the wooden tongue
depresso
r
between her teeth.
她紧咬着牙绝望地反抗着！
She fought, with clenched
teeth, desperately!
而此时我也变得狂怒了——对一个孩子。
But now I also had grown
furious-at a child.
我试图让自己不
要发脾气，但却做不到，我知道怎样去检查她的嗓子。
I tried to hold myself down but I
couldn‘t. I know how to expose a throat
for inspection.
我尽了最大的努力。
当我终于把木制的压舌板伸到最后一排牙齿的后面时，
她张开了嘴，
然
而只是一瞬间，
我还来不及看她又把嘴闭上了，
没等我把它取出来，
她的臼
齿已经紧紧咬住
了压舌板，并把压舌板咬成了碎片。
And I did my best. When
finally I got the wooden spatula behind the last
teeth and just the point
of it into the
mouth cavity, she opened up for an instant but
before I could see anything she came
down again and gripped the wooden blade
between her molars. She reduces it to splinters
before I
could get it out again.
你不害臊吗？妈妈朝她大声训斥道。你在大夫面前这样不觉得
害臊吗？
Aren‘t you
ashamed, the mother yelled at her.
Aren‘t you ashamed to act like that in
front of the
doctor?
给我拿一把平柄的勺子什么的，我对母亲说。
Get me a smooth-handled
spoon of some sort, I told the mother.
我们还要接着做下去。
We‘re going through with this.
孩子的嘴已经流血了。
The child‘s mouth was
already bleeding.
她的舌头破了，还在歇斯底里地大叫着。
24
Her tongue was cut and she was
screaming in wild hysterical shrieks.
也许我应该停下来，过一个多小时再回来无疑这样会好一些。
Perhaps I should have
desisted and come back in an hour or more. No
doubt it would have been
better.
但我已经看到至少两个孩子因为这种情况而被疏忽了，
躺在床上死去，
我感到我必须现在进
行诊断，
否则就再没有机会了。
But I
have seen at least two children lying dead in bed
of neglect in such cases, and feeling that I
must get a diagnosis now or never I
went at it again.
然而最糟糕的是，<
/p>
我也失去了理智，
我本可以在盛怒之下将女孩的嘴扒开来享受其中
的快乐，
向她发起进攻真是一件乐事，我的脸也因此而发热。
But the worst of it was
that I too had got beyond reason. I could have
torn the child apart in my
own fury and
enjoyed it. It was a pleasure to attack her, my
face was burning with it.
在
这种时候，
谁都会叮咛自己，
无论这个可恶的小鬼做出任何愚蠢
的举动，
也要违背她的意
愿来保护她。
The damned little brat
must be protected again
st
her own idiocy, one says to one‘s self at such
times.
这样做也是为了保护
其他孩子，同时这也是一种社会需要，事实也确是如此。
Others must be protected against her.
It is a social necessity. And all these things are
true.
然而由于释放体内能量的欲望而产生的一种盲目
的无法控制的狂怒和一种成年人的羞耻感，
使我一直坚持到最后。
But a blind fury, a
feeling of adult shame, bred of a longing for
muscular release are the operatives.
One goes on to the end.
在最后失去理性的“战斗”中，
我控制了女孩的脖子和下巴，
我强行将沉重的银勺从她的牙
后面伸到嗓子直到她作呕。
In the final
unreasoning assault I overpowered the child‘s neck
any jaws. I forced the h
eavy silver
spoon back of her teeth and down her
throat till she gagged.
果然，
两个扁桃体上有着一层膜状物。
她勇敢地反抗就是为了不让我发
现她的这个秘密，
她
至少隐瞒了
3
天嗓子疼，并对父母撒谎，都是为了逃避这样一个结果。
And there it was
–
both tonsils covered with
membrane. She had fought valiantly to keep me from
knowing her secret. She had been hiding
that sore throat for three days at least and lying
to her
parents in order to escape just
such an outcome as this.
现在
，她真的狂怒了，在这以前她一直处于守势，但是现在她开始进攻了。
Now truly she was furious.
She had been on the defensive before but now she
attacked, Tried to
get off her father‘s
lap and fly at me while tears of defeat blinded
her eye.
词汇
(V
ocabulary)
startle:
v. give a shock of surprise to, cause
to move or jump
使吃惊，惊动
She was startled to see him
looking so sad.
看到他这么悲伤
,
使她
大为吃惊。
The
sound of the gun fire startled the pigeons.
枪声惊起鸽子。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
apologetic:
a. making an
apology, expressing regret
道歉的，表示歉意的
25
He was apologetic for coming late.
他为迟到而表示歉意。
He
was sincerely apologetic about his mistake.
他对自己的错误由
衷地感到愧疚。
与
apologetic
同词根的词有：
apologize: v.
道歉
You
should apologize to your classmate for being rude.
由于你的
无礼，应该向同学道歉。
apology: n.
道歉
You
should make an apology to your sister because you
are wrong.
因为你错了，必须向你姐姐道歉。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
motion:
v. indicate by a gesture
打手势示意
He motioned to me to come near.
他打手势叫我再走近一些。
I
approached him, but he motioned me away.
我走近他，但他挥手叫我
走开。
n.
①
moving
运动，移动
If a thing is in motion, it
is not at rest.
如果一个物体在运动中，
它就不在静止中。
②
particular movement
If you watch my motions carefully you
will see how the trick is
performed.
如果你仔细看我的动作，你就会明白这个戏法是怎么变的。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
coax:
v. persuade sb. gently or gradually
劝诱，哄劝
The clerk is always able to coax the
customers into good humor.
那个售货员总是能够把顾客哄得高高兴兴的。
She coaxed him out of his bad temper.
她循循善诱地劝他改掉坏脾气。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
approach:
v. come near to
走近，接近
As summer approached, the weather
became hotter.
夏天渐近，天
气变得热了。
As
you approach the town, the first building you see
is the
church.
接近那座城镇的时候，首先看到的就是教堂。
n. act of
approaching; way, method
接近；方法
The enemy ran away at our approach.
当我们接近时，敌人就逃跑了。
When learning a foreign language, the
best approach is the study
of the spoken
language.
学习外语最好的方法是学口语。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
embarrass:
v. make to feel awkward or ashamed;
hinder the movement of
使
窘困；阻碍
26
He had been
highly embarrassed by his confession.
这一供认使
他极其难堪。
Wearing a long robe embarrassed his
movements.
穿一件长袍使
他行动不便。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
admonish:
vt. give a mild
warning or a gentle reproof
to
；
advise seriously
婉转警告，训诫；劝告
The
teacher admonished the boys for being lazy.
老师责备学生
们懒惰。
She admonished
us to seek professional help.
她劝我们向专业
人员求助。
同词根的词有：
admonition: n.
admonitory: a.
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
contemptible:
a. deserving or provoking contempt
可鄙的，卑劣的
That was a contemptible trick to play
on a friend.
对朋友耍
花招是卑鄙的。
Speaking ugly gossip is contemptible.
说别人坏话是可鄙的。
同词根的词有：
contempt: v.
轻视
contemptuous: a.
显示轻蔑的
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
ensue:
v. happen later, follow as a result
随后发生，续起
After the heavy rains, flood ensue.
暴雨之后就发生了水灾。
It
was too late to stop the panic that ensued from
the false
news report.
制止由这次虚假新闻报导而引起的恐慌已为时太晚
.
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
apprehension:
n.
①
anxiety about the future, fear
忧虑
,
恐惧
I feel a certain
apprehension about my interview tomorrow.
我
对明天的面试感到有些担心。
②
comprehension
理解
Quickness of apprehension
is a mark of good student.
敏捷的领
悟是一个好学生的标志。
同词根的词有：
apprehend: v
apprehensive:
a.
---------------------------------------
------------------------------
critical:
27
a.
①
of or at a
crisis
在危急关头
We
are at a critical time in our history.
我们正处在我们历史
的危急时刻。
②
of the work of a critic
批评的
Why are you so
critical of everything I wear?
你为什么对我穿
的每件衣服都这么挑剔。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
desist:
(formal) cease
停止
They ought to desist from such foolish
activities.
他们应该
停止这种愚蠢的活动。
The
judge told the man to desist from threatening his
wife.
法官责令那人别再威胁他的妻子。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
短语
(Expressions)
up
to sb.: required, looked upon as necessary; one‘s
duty
应由某人??；某人的职责
It
’
s up to us to
give them all the help we can.
我们理应
竭尽全力给予他们协助。
It
is up to parents to teach their children manners.
父母
应该教育他们的孩子懂礼貌。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
in profusion:
in great supply, abundance
大量的，丰富的
He
makes promises in profusion, but never realizes
them.
他
做过许多许诺，但从未实现。
Everything was there in such profusion
that we did not know
what to take.
那里样样东西都很多，我们不知拿什么好。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
If
only:
引起惊叹句，后面用虚拟语气，从句动词使用相当于陈述语气
的过去或过去将来时态。
If
only I had listened to your advice.
我要是听了你的建议就
好了。
If only the
letter had arrived in time.
信要及时到了就好了。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
break in, put
in: interrupt
插话，插嘴
Please don
’
t
break in on our conversation.
请不要打断我们的
谈话。
May I put in a
word or two?
我可以插一两句话吗？
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
on
the chance that / of doing sth.: in views of the
possibility,
28
in the hope:
也许能够，或许能够
I‘ll call at his office on the chance
of seeing him before he
leaves.
我将到办公室去访他，希望能在他下班前见到他。
Take an umbrella on the chance it might
rain.
带上伞，也许会下雨。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
as / so long
as: on condition that, provided that
只要，如果
As
long as you
’
re happy, it
doesn
’
t matter what you do.
只要
你高兴，你做什么事都没关系。
You
may borrow the book so long as you don‘t lend it
to
anyone
else.
只要你不借给别人，你可以借这本书。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
hold down: control, keep down or under
控制，压制
We
must hold prices down.
我们必须控制物价。
Slave owners held slaves down before
the emancipation.
奴隶
获得解放之前受奴隶主的压迫。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
reduce to:
change to, bring to certain condition
使某人陷入某种状态。
Overwork has reduced him to a physical
wreck.
他过度劳累而损害
了健康。
The teacher
reduced the noisy students to order.
老师使吵闹的学
生恢复秩序。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
词语辨析
(Word
analysis)
terrifying, terrified,
terrific
terrifying: filling with terror
令人恐怖的
That must have been a terrifying
experience.
那一定是一段可
怕的经历。
terrified: feeling terror,
very afraid
感到害怕的
I‘m terrified at the prospect of being
alone in the house.
我要是自己一个人呆在一所房子里就很害怕。
terrific: very
great, excellent
很大的，极好的
There is a terrific new restaurant in
South Street.
南大街新
开了一家极好的饭店。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
admonish, coax
admonish: give
a mild but firm warning; advise seriously
温和
而严正地警告；告诫
The
teacher admonished the boys for being lazy.
老师责备
男生懒惰。
coax: persuade gently or
gradually
哄劝
He
coaxed her into letting him take her to the
cinema.
他哄
得她同意带她去电影院。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
contemptuous,
contemptible
29
contemptuous:
feeling or showing contempt
鄙视的，表示轻蔑的
He
threw it away with a contemptuous gesture.
他带着不屑
一顾的样子把它扔了。
contemptible: deserving
contempt
可鄙的，
That was a contemptible trick to play
on a friend.
这是对
朋友玩弄的卑鄙的手段。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
apprehension,
distrust
apprehension: anxiety about the future,
fear
忧虑，担心
I
feel a certain apprehension about my interview
tomorrow.
我
对明天的面试感到有些担心。
distrust: lack of trust,
suspicion
不信任，怀疑
Negotiation between union and
management are made more
difficult by
mutual distrust.
工会和资方之间的谈判由于互不信
任而愈加困难。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
excuse, apology
excuse: reason
given to explain one
’
s act
借口，辩解
He
’
s always
making excuses for being late.
他迟到总是有借口。
apology: statement of
regret for doing sth. wrong
道歉，认错
I
made my apologies and left early.
我道过歉后便提前离去。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
desist, resist
desist: stop,
cease
停止，结束
I
wish he‘d desist from entertaining his friends
a
t all
hours of the
day and night.
但愿他别再昼夜不分地招待他的朋友。
resist: use
force in order to prevent sth happening, oppose
抵
抗，对抗
He told us to
get ready to resist the enemy attack.
他让
我们做好准备，抵抗敌人的进攻。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
spend, expend
spend: give or
pay out money for goods, services, etc.
用钱，花钱
She
spends too much on clothes.
她在衣着上花费太大。
expend: spend or use up
用掉，耗费掉
They had already expended six thousand
dollars in advertisement.
他们在广告上已经用掉了六千美元。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
难句理解
(Sentence
comprehension)
§
The child was fairly eating me up…
She looked at
the doctor up and down carefully and intently.
孩子上上下下仔细地打量着我。
30
---------------
--------------------------------------------------
----
§
I took a trial shot at it
as a point of departure.
I just started by asking a question
which I guessed might be
the problem.
我常常根据猜测可能出现的问题进行提问。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
§
I might be
able to get somewhere.
I might be able to get some results.
我也许还能有点进展。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
§
She surely rose to
magnificent heights of insane fury of effort
bred of her terror of me.
She was terrified of me,
her efforts to resist my examination
of
her throat became so mad and violent.
出于对我的恐惧，孩子
抵制检查的疯狂努力达到了惊人的程度。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
§
I tried to hold myself
down.
I
tried to control my temper.
我尽力克制自己的怒气。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
§
But a blind fury, a
feeling of adult shame, bred of a longing
for
muscular release are the operatives.
Both the blind fury and the
feeling of adult shame were caused
by
a longing to release his physical energy.
可是那种想释放体
能的渴
望产生出一种非理智的、无法控制的愤怒与成人受辱时的感觉使
我继续下去。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
Lesson 4: Die as You Choose
制定关于安乐死的法律已经到了不能再回避的地步。
The need for laws on
euthanasia cannot be dodged for much longer.
在世界上某个较小的国家里，安乐
死被医疗机构普遍接受，每年都有数千例公开实施。
In
one
of
the
world‘s
smaller
countries,
mercy
-killing
is
accepted by
the
medical
establishment
and openly practiced a few thousand
times each year.
而在某个世界大国，
安乐死虽然经常受到医疗机构的公开谴责，
每年却以数倍于此的次数秘
密实施，且从未公之于众。
In one of the
world
‘s biggest countries, euthanasia
is condemned by
the
medical
establishment,
secretly practiced many
times more often, and almost never comes to light.
31
但是，在上述那个国家有医生因为实施安乐死而在监狱里服刑
呢？
Which of
these countries has a mercy-killing doctor now
languishing in its jails?
是在小国荷兰。荷兰制定了有关安乐死的法律，能有效地管理它。
It is the small one,
Holland, which has rules for euthanasia and so can
police it effectively.
那位荷兰的医生违反了他国家的规定。
The Dutch doctor broke his
country‘s rules.
有关安乐死的问题在所有国家都存在，
决不仅出现在美国这个禁止安乐死的大国。<
/p>
目前美国
正再次展开有关安乐死的辩论。
There
is
a
moral
here
for
all
the
countries,
and
not
just
for
the
big
death-
forbidding
country,
America.
Right now it is going over the arguments about
euthanasia once again.
美国医学协会会刊
1
月份发表了一封非同寻常
的来信。
一位医生在信中宣称自己按照病人的
意愿，杀死了一位
身患癌症的
20
岁女孩。
In January the Journal of
the American Medical Association published a
bizarre letter, in which an
anonymous
doctor claimed to have killed a 20-year-old cancer
patient at her own request.
这件事引起了一场辩论，
而这场辩论
将轰轰烈烈地持续到秋季，
那时加利福尼亚州可能会就
一项使安
乐死合法化的法律进行投票表决。
This
started
a
debate
that
will
rumble
on
into
the
autumn,
when
Californians
may
vote
on
a
proposed law legalizing euthanasia.
这封信可能是为了起到引发争论的效果，内容并不可信。
The letter was probably
written for polemical impact. It is scarcely
credible.
是作者自己
在信中声称他
（或她）
第一次与那位得了癌症的病人见面，
听到病人说出
5
个字
——“让我去死吧”——然后就杀了她。
It‘s author claims that he
met the cancer patient for the first
time, heard five
words from her
–
―Let‘s get this
over with‖ –
then killer her.
即使是极端的安乐死支持者也不赞
成在这种情况下采取如此做法。
Even
the
most
extreme
proponents
of
euthanasia
do
not
support
such
an
action
in
those
circumstances.
然而，
医
疗上出现的可怕事件如洪水猛兽一般，
并不比安乐死的情况更好。
它们无疑会在英
美以及其他国家中继续肆虐，几乎成了令人恐怖的常规。
Yet medical
monstrosities that are hardly any better
undoubtedly continue, almost as a matter of
macabre routine, in America, Britain
and many other countries.
一些医生私下透露他们有时会故意杀死病人，这样的情况非常普遍，令人担忧。
It is disturbingly
easy to find doctors who will say, in private,
that they sometimes kill patients on
purpose.
32
多数医
生说他们知道其他医生也有同样的行为，
但是因为即使在病人乞求他们的时候，
医生
也几乎不能与病人公开讨论安乐死，
因此医
生往往倾向于仅在要死的人处于垂危昏迷之际而
无法表达是否同意安乐死时，才结束其生
命。
Most
say
that
know
somebody
else
who
does.
But
because
they
can
rarely
discuss
euthanasia
openly with patients
–
even when those patients
beg them for it
–
doctors
tend to kill only when
the dying are
too far gone to consent.
<
/p>
由于自愿要求安乐死受到禁止，
就只能由医生自行作出决定了，<
/p>
病人会在夜间受到药物注射
而非自愿地离开人世。
Thus, because
voluntary euthanasia is taboo, a doctor makes the
decision himself
–
and the
patient
is killed involuntarily in the
night with a syringe.
这是不使安乐死公开的代价。
That is one price of keeping euthanasia
secret.
如果所有形式的
安乐死都是错误的，那就应该统统列入禁止之列。
If all forms of mercy-killing are
wrong, they should remain taboo.
可情况果真如此吗？
But are they?
<
/p>
许多人都认为依靠医学技术来延续生命带给人的痛苦是令人悲哀、
可憎可恶的，
完全不顾人
的尊严，因此被动的安乐死——让病人
自行死亡——被人们普遍接受。
Because
many
people
accept
that
it
is
sad,
undignified
and
gruesome
to
prolong
the
throes
of
death
will all the might of medical technology, passive
euthanasia
–
letting
patients die
–
is widely
accepted.
美国大多数州都有关于“活遗嘱”的法规，为医生提供保护。
如果医生没有
尽力救助曾声明
不想延续生命的病人，不会为此受到起诉。
Most American states have
―living –
will‖
legislation that protects doctors from prosecution
if they
do not try to save someone who
has said he does not want life prolonged.
主动的安乐死——杀死病人——却依然争论颇多。
Active euthanasia
–
killing
–
remains controversial.
将人杀死与让人死亡之间的界线还能维持多久呢？
How long can the
distinction between killing and letting die hold
out?
正如因未履行某种职责
受到处罚一样，人也可能因干了某事而不受责难。
Just as there can be culpable
omissions, so too can there be blameless acts.
让我们从道德伦理著作中举例说明
。
假定一个人会从某个孩子的死亡中获益，
当这个孩子在
浴缸中撞伤头部而失去知觉时，那个人视而不见，任其溺水身亡。
Suppose
–
to take an example from
the moral philosophy books
–
that a man stands to gain from
33
the death of a
certain child. The child strikes his head in the
bath and falls unconscious. The man
sits down and watches him drown.
虽然这个人什么都没有做，但他并不能因此开脱罪责。
The fact that the man has
performed no action does not excuse him.
同样，再假设为了缩短而不是延长
死亡到来的时间，医生终止某种治疗是无可指责的做法，
那么如果这位医生使用足够的镇
痛剂致使病人死亡，他就一定大错特错吗？
Similarly, suppose that a doctor does
no wrong by withholding some treatment in order
that death
should
come
sooner
rather
than
later.
Is
he
then
necessarily
wrong
if
he
administers
enough
painkillers to kill?
这位医生采取了某种行动，而不是
未尽某种职责，这会使他有罪吗？
Does the fact that the doctor performed
an action, rather than an omission, condemn him?
许多医生一直在为解除病人临终前
的痛苦而奋斗着。
他们认为在病人请求安乐死时，
根本无
法截然区分被动与主动的安乐死。
Many
doctors
working
on
the
battlefield
of
terminal
suffering
think
that
only
squeamishness
demands a firm
difference between passive and active euthanasia
on request.
他们赞
成医生杀死病人的理由是：
医生的职责之一就是使病人免遭痛苦，
这是医生所做的全
部事情，而杀死病人则是做到这一点的惟一办法。
< br>
Their
argument
f
or
killing
goes
like
this:
one
of
a
doctor‘s
duties
is
to
prevent
suffering;
sometimes that is
all there is left for him to do, and killing is
the only way to do it.
这个观点并不新颖。
当希波克拉底为医生制定信条的时候，
曾明确禁止安乐死，
而多数其他
希腊医生和思想家
都不赞成这一禁令。
There
is
nothing
new
in
this
view.
When
Hippocrates
formulated
his
oath
for
doctors,
which
explicitly rules out
active killing, most other Greek doctors and
thinkers disagreed with his ban.
前事不忘，后事之师。
Let the past be a guide.
有人认为死亡的时间是上帝安排的，
任何人不得缩短他人的生命，
然而假如一位病人的人生
观使其接
受安乐死，
那么人们不禁要问：
为什么其他人还要用不同的宗教
观念去干预其死亡
呢？
Some people believe that the time of
death is appointed by God and that no man should
put the
clock back on another. Yet if a
patient‘s philosophical
views embrace
euthanasia, it is not clear
why the
religious objections of others should intrude on
his death.
另一个令
人担忧问题是，
有关安乐死的法律体系允许医生在规定的情况下按照垂死病人的请
求实施安乐死，就可能为杀人首开先例，从而危害社会。
Another
worry
is
that
a
legal
framework
for
euthanasia,
permitting
a
doctor
to
comply
with
a
dying
man‘s request in a prescribed set of
circumstances, mig
ht pose dangers for
society by setting
a precedent for
killing.
34
这个问题取决于社会。
That depends on the society.
尽管有不同意见，荷兰对建立这样的法律体系已经准备就绪。
Holland, arguably, is ready
for it.
当年就是荷兰医
生英勇无比地顶住了压力，
拒绝参与使安乐死声名狼藉的纳粹用人体进行医
学实验的暴行，这恐怕不是巧合。
It is probably no coincidence that it
was Dutch doctors who most heroically resisted
pressure to
join in the Nazi medical
atrocities that have given euthanasia its worst
name.
这些医生对个人自由
坚定不移的尊重使他们没有杀害渴望活下去的健康人。
今天正是同样的
< br>精神又使他们去帮助不愿活下去的垂危病人。
The same tenacious respect for
individual liberty
that stopped them
killing healthy people, who
did not
want to die, now lets them help dying people who
do.
与之相反，西德在未来相
当长的时间里都无法使任何形式的安乐死合法化。
West Germany, by contrast, will not be
able to legalize any form of euthanasia for a long
time to
come.
<
/p>
由于历史的阴影反对安乐死的力量异常强大，
在那些近年来自由意
志的传统未受任何干扰的
国家里，为自愿安乐死制定有限的规定并不会使人们产生太多的
恐惧。
Opposition
is too fierce, because of the shadow of the past.
Countries with an uninterrupted recent
libertarian tradition have less to fear
from setting some limited rules for voluntary
euthanasia.
拒绝讨论这个问题会使情况更加糟糕。
By refusing to discuss it,
they usher in something worse.
词汇
(Vocabulary)
dodge:
v. move quickly to one side
to avoid sth.; get round sth
difficult
躲闪；躲避
I
dodged behind a tree so that he should not see me.
我躲在树
后使他看不见我。
He dodged our questions by changing the
subject.
他变换话题以
逃避我们提出的问题。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
condemn:
vt.
①
say sb. or sth. is wrong
责备，谴责
We all condemn cruelty to children.
我们一致谴责虐待儿童。
Everyone condemned his foolish
behavior.
人人都责备他的愚蠢行
为
35
②
give judgment against
The judge condemned him to spend six
years in prison.
法官判
他六年囚禁。
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
languish:
(v.) lack or lose vitality,
lose health and strength
失去活力，
变得衰弱无力
Since the war the industry has
gradually languished.
战争结
束以来，工业逐渐衰退。
The children soon began to languish in
the heat.
天气炎热，
孩子们很快变得没精打采。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
claim:
v. say that sth is a fact;
need
宣称；需要
He
claimed to have / that he had done the work
without help.
他声称没有得到帮助就完成了这项工作。
There are some matters that claim our
attention.
有些事情值
得我们注意。
n. right to sth.
对某事的权利
They denied her rightful claim to the
property.
他们拒绝了她
对那笔财产的正当权利。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
rumble:
v. make a deep, heavy,
continuous sound; say in a deep voice
发出隆隆声；低沉的声音说出
Thunder rumbled in the distance.
远处发出隆隆的雷声。
The heavy carts were rumbling along the
street.
沉重的马车在
街上辘辘行进。
He rumbled out a few comments.
他咕咕浓浓地说出一些评论。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
legalize:
vt. make legal
使合法
The
government has legalized gambling.
政府已使赌博合法化。
Some people want to legalize
euthanasia.
有些人想使安乐死合
法化。
同词根的词有：
legal: a.
合法的，法律的
legalism: n.
墨守法规
legality: n
合法
legalization: n
合法化
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
credible:
a.
that can be believed; believable
可信的，可靠的
The news report is hardly credible.
这条新闻报道几乎难以置信。
36
Is
there a credible alternative to the nuclear
deterrent?
是否
有可以取代核威慑力量的可靠办法。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
taboo:
n. ban or prohibition on
sth. that is regarded for religious or
other reasons as not to be
done, used, etc.
忌讳，禁忌
Among Hindus there is a
taboo against killing cows.
印度教徒
有禁止杀牛的戒律。
There
’
s a taboo
on smoking in this office.
办公室里禁止吸烟。
a. prohibited
by a taboo
禁忌的，忌讳的
Sex is no longer the taboo
subject it sued to be.
现在不再像
过去那样把性的问题视为禁区。
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
prolong:
v. make sth. longer, esp.
in time; extend
使延长，使延伸
They prolonged their visit
a few days.
他们把访问时间延长了
几天。
Good care may prolong a sick
person
’
s life.
精心护理可能会
延长病人的生命。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
distinction:
n. difference or contrast
between one person or thing and
another
差别，对比
He
drew a quite artificial distinction between men
and women
readers.
他把男读者和女读者硬是人为地区分开来。
The president shook hands
with everyone, without distinction
of rank.
总统不分职位高低，和每个人都握了手。
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
withhold:
v. refuse to give sth; hold
back
拒绝给某物；抑制
The board has decided to withhold part
of their grant money
from certain students.
委员会决定不发给某些学生的部分助学金。
We
couldn
’
t withhold our
laughter.
我们忍不住大笑起来。
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
appoint:
v. fix or decide on; choose
sb. for a job or position
确定，
决定；挑选，任命
We have appointed a time for the
meeting.
我们已约定了开会
的时间。
We must appoint somebody to act as
secretary.
我们得指定一个
人当秘书。
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
intrude:
v. bring in unnecessarily;
come in not wanted
闯入；打扰
37
He intruded his own ideas into the
argument.
他把自己的看法带
到辩论中。
I don't want to intrude,
but could I talk to you for a
moment.
我不想打扰你，不过我可以和你谈一会吗？
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
precedent:
n. earlier decision, case,
event, etc. that regarded as an example
or rule for
what comes later
先例
There is no precedent for such an
action.
这种行动没有先例可循。
They created a precedent
for mercy killing.
他们开创了安乐死
的先例。
---------------
--------------------------------------------------
----
短语
(Expressions)
come to light:
become to be visible, cause
sth. to be known
显露，揭露
Much new evidence has come
to light.
发现了许多新的证据。
At last his bribable
behavior came to light.
最后他的受贿行为
被公布于众。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
in private: with no one else present
私下地
She
asked to see him in private.
她要求单独与他见面。
Let me speak to him property in
private.
让我私下给他说财
产的事。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
on
purpose: not by accident, intentionally
并非偶然地，故意地
She seems to do these things on
purpose.
她似乎是有意做
这些事。
He
had gone there on purpose, to see that happened.
他特地去那
里看一下发生了什么事。
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
hold out: last, remain; resist an
attack
维持，保持；
抵御
We
can stay here for as long as our supplies hold
out.
我们的
供应品能维持多久，我们就能在这里呆多久。
The strikers are still
holding out for money.
罢工工人仍坚决
要求增加工资
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
。
rule out: exclude as irrelevant,
ineligible
排除
The possibility
can
’
t be ruled out.
不能排除这种可能性。
He was ruled out as a possible
candidate.
他已经没有可能成
为候选人。
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
38
usher in: mark the start of sth.; lead
in the specified direction
开创；
引导
The new
government ushered in a period of prosperity.
新政府的
成立带来了一个繁荣时期。
The girl ushered me along the aisle to
my seat.
引座小姐领我沿
着通道到我的座位。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
comply (with): do as one is required,
commanded; obey
按要求做；
听从
She
was told to pay the fine, but refuse to comply.
通知她交
罚款，但她拒不服从。
The factory was closed for failing to
comply with government
safety regulations.
那家工厂因未能遵守政府的安全条例而被关闭了。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
词语辨析
(Word
analysis)
evade, dodge
evade: get or keep out of the way of
避开，躲避
The
thief evaded the police by dodging into the an
alley.
小偷
躲进巷子里以避开警察。
dodge: move quickly in
order to avoid
闪开，躲开
He dodged to left and right as the
gunman opened fire.
持枪歹徒
开火时他东躲西闪。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
drown out, stop
drown out: be
louder than another sound and prevent it being
heard
淹没
She turned up
the radio to drown out the noise of traffic.
她放大收音机的音量以压过来往车辆的噪声。
stop: prevent
sb from doing sth
阻止，阻碍
You can
’
t stop
our going if we want to.
如果我们要去，你是阻
止不了的。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
intrude, invade
intrude: come
in when not wanted
打搅，侵扰
I don‘t wish to intrude, but could I
talk to you for a
moment?
我无意打搅你，不过我可以跟你谈一会儿吗？
invade: enter
with armed force in order to attack
侵犯，侵入
These countries have been ruthlessly
invaded.
这些国家受到
无情地侵犯。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
omission,
exclusion
omission: action of omitting or leaving
out sth
忽略，省略
39
The play was
shortened by the omission of two scenes.
该剧
被删去两场而缩短了。
exclusion: action of
excluding
排斥，排除在外
His exclusion from the club hurt him
very much.
不让他加入
俱乐部使他很伤心。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
oath, promise
oath: solemn
promise to do sth
誓言，宣誓
There is a standard form of oath used
in lawcourts.
法庭中
使用的誓词有固定的格式。
promise: declaration that
one will do sth
承诺，诺言
We received many promises of help.
许多人答应帮助我们。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
prevent,
withhold
prevent: stop or hinder
阻止，妨碍
Your prompt action prevented a serious
accident.
你动作敏捷
因而防止一次严重事故。
withhold: refuse to give,
keep back
拒绝给，保留
The
board has decided to withhold part of their grant
money
from certain
students.
董事会决定不发给某些学生部分助学金。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
debatable, arguable
debatable: not certain,
open to question
不肯定的，可争议的
It is debatable whether or not the
reforms have improved
conditions.
改革是否改善了现状，这个问题仍有争议。
arguable:
questionable
，
doubtful in some degree
有问题的，可疑的
That their decision is the best one is
arguable.
他们的决定
最佳有待商榷。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
credible,
believable
credible: that can be believed
可信的，可靠的
The
news report is hardly credible.
新闻报导简直难以置信。
He
is a credible witness.
他是个可信的证人。
believable: that can be
believed
可信的（不作定语）
His story is hardly believable.
他的话不大可信。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
难句理解
(Sentence
comprehension)
§
Right now it is going over
the arguments about euthanasia once
again.
People are now
repeating the arguments about euthanasia.
现在
人们又在对安乐死进行争辩。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
40
§
The letter was probably written for polemical
impact.
The
purpose of the letter was to result in argument.
这封信可
能是为了造成争论性影响而写的。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
§
Just as there can be
culpable omissions, so too can there be
blameless acts.
Just as sometimes a person can be
blamed for not doing something,
it
is also possible not to blame him for something he
has done.
正如有人由于未做某事而可能受到谴责，那么也有可能由于做
了某事而
不受责备。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
§
Suppose that a man stands
to gain from the death of a certain
child.
Suppose that a
man is in a position to benefit from a child's
death.
假设一个人从一个孩子的死亡中受益。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
§ …no man should put the clock back on
another.
No man should shorten the natural life
of another person.
任何
人都不应缩短他人的寿命。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
Lesson 5: I‘d Rather Be
Black than Female
我是第一位当选国会议员的黑人妇女，这使我不同凡响。
Being the first black woman
elected to Congress has made me some kind of
phenomenon.
国会中还有九位黑人议员和十位妇
女议员，但我是第一位同时克服两个不利因素的人。
There are nine other blacks in
Congress; there are ten other women. I was the
first to overcome
both handicaps at
once.
在这两种不利因素中，是个女人比是黑人更糟。
Of the two handicaps, being
black is much less of a drawback than being
female.
如果我说做黑人比做妇女更糟糕，也许没有
人会对我的说法提出质疑。
If
I
said
that
being
black
is
a
greater
handicap
than
being
a
woman,
probably
no
one
would
question me.
为什么呢？因为“众所周知”
，美国
存在着对黑人的歧视。
Why?
Because ―we all know‖ there is prejudice against
black people in America.
说美
国存在着对妇女的歧视对于几乎所有男人——还有大多数女人来说——却是不可思议
的。
That there is
prejudice against women is an idea that still
strikes nearly all men
–
and, I am afraid,
most women
–
as bizarre.
许多年以来，多数人看不到社会存在着对黑人的歧视。
41
Prejudice against blacks was invisible
to most white Americans for many years.
当黑人终于通过静坐示威、联合抵制和自由乘车游行的方式以
示抗议，来提及这个问题时，
他们觉得简直难以置信。
When blacks finally started
to ―mention‖ it, with sit
-ins,
boycotts, and freedom rides, Americans
were incredulous.
“谁，我们？”他们委屈地问道。
“
Who, us?‖ they asked in
injured tones.
“我们歧视黑人？”对美国
白人来说，这是漫长而痛苦的再教育的开始。
“
We‘re prejudiced?‖ It was
the s
tart of a long, painful
reeducation for white America.
他们，
包括那些自认为是自由主义者的白人——还需要许多年才能发现并消除他
们实际上都
持有的种族主义态度。
It will take years for whites
–
including those who think
of themselves as liberals
–
to discover and
eliminate the racist
attitudes they all actually have.
消除对妇女的歧视的困难有多大？我确信这将会是一场更持久的斗争。
How much harder will it be
to eliminate the prejudice against women? I am
sure it will be a longer
struggle.
部分问题在于比起黑人来美国妇女被洗脑的程度更深，且更满
足于她们次等公民的角色。
Part of the problem is that women in
America are much more brainwashed and content with
their
roles as second
–
class citizens than blacks
ever were.
我来解释一下。
Let me explain.
二十多年来我一直积极参与政治活动。
I have been active in
politics for more than twenty years.
<
/p>
除了最后的那六年，
其余那些年干活的是我，
我干的是所有无聊琐碎但对竞选胜负至关重要
的工作——可得到好处的却是男人，这
几乎就是政界妇女一直以来的命运。
For
all
but
the
last
six,
I
have
done
the
work
–
all
the
tedious
details
that
make
the
difference
between
victory
and
defeat
on
election
day
–
while
men
reaped
the
rewards,
which
is
almost
invariably the lot of
women in politics.
在美国政界，大部
分的工作仍然是由妇女来做——大约
300
万志愿者。
It is still women
–
about three million
volunteers
–
who
do most of this work in the American
political world.
她们中任何人所能期待的最好结果是有幸当选为区或县的副主席，
这是一个隔离却平等
的职
位，是给那些多年来一直忠实从事装信封和组织牌局工作的妇女的奖赏。
The best any of them
can hope for is the honor of being district or
county vice-chairman, a kind of
separate-but-equal
position
with
which
a
woman
is
rewarded
for
years
of
faithful
envelope
stuffing and card-party organizing.
在这种职位上，
她可以享受公费出差
去参加州或全国性的会议或代表大会，
在这些场合她的
作用就是
和她单位的男主席投一样的票。
I
n
such
a
job,
she
gets
a
number
of
free
trips
to
state
and
sometimes
national
meetings
and
conventions, where her role is supposed
to be to vote the way her male chairman votes.
1963
年，当我企图摆脱这一角色
代表布鲁克林的贝德富锡—斯图维桑特参加竞选纽约州众
议院的席位时，遇到了极大的阻
力。
When I tried
to break out of that role in 1963 and run for the
New York State Assembly seat from
Brooklyn‘s
Bedford
-Stuyvesant, the resistance was
bitter.
42
从竞选一开始，我就要面对他们毫不掩饰的对女性的敌意。
From the start of that
campaign, I faced undisguised hostility because of
my sex.
但是在四年以后，当我竞选国会议员时，性
别问题才成了一个主要争端。
But it was four years later, when I ran
for Congress, that the question of my sex became a
major
issue.
我所在党派的党员召开秘密会议讨论如何阻止我参加竞选。
Among members of my own
party, closed meetings were held to discuss ways
of stopping me.
我的对手，著名的人权运
动领袖詹姆士
?
法默竭力把自己塑造成一个具有男子汉气概的黑
人
形象；
他坐着带有扩音器的卡车在附近地区巡回，
车上满载着留着非洲发式、
穿颜色花哨的
宽袍和蓄
胡子的年轻人。
My
opponent,
the
famous
civil-rights
leader
James
Farmer,
tried
to
project
a
black,
masculine
image; he toured
the neighborhood with sound trucks filled with
young men wearing Afro haircuts,
dashikis, and beards.
电视台记者对我不屑一顾，
他们忽略了一个非常重要的数据，
而对此我和我的竞选经纪人韦
斯利
?
麦克唐纳
?
霍尔德却很清楚。
While the television crews
ignored me, they were not aware of a very
important statistic, which
both I and
my campaign manager, Wesley MacD. Holder, knew.
在我这个区内，
登记参加投票选举的
人中男女的比例是
1
∶
2.5
。
而且那些妇女是有组织的—
—是教师家长协会
、
教会社团、
牌局俱乐部以及其他社会服务性团体的成员。
我去找她们寻
求帮助。
n
my
district
there
are
2.5
women
for
every
man
registered
to
vote.
And
those
women
are
organized
–
in
PTAs, church societies, card clubs, and other
social and service groups I went to
them and asked their help.
法默先生到现在仍然不知道他是如何被击败的。
Mr. Farmer still doesn‘t
quite know what hit him.
当一
位聪明的年轻女大学生开始找工作时，为什么第一个问题总是“你会打字吗？”
When a bright young woman
graduate starts looking for a job, why is the
first question always:
―Can you
type?‖
在这个问题背后是一整部妇女受歧视的历史。
A history of prejudice lies
behind that question.
为什么被看
成是秘书而不是管理者？为什么被看成是图书管理员和教师而不是律师？
Why
are
women
thought
of
as
secretaries,
not
administrators?Librarians
and
teachers,
but
not
doctors and lawyers?
因为她们被认为是不一样的，低人一等的。
Because they are thought of
as different and inferior.
快乐的家庭主妇和心满意足的黑鬼都是由歧视产生的典型人物。
The happy homemaker and the
contented darky are both stereotypes produced by
prejudice.
妇女甚至还没有达到黑人所达到的象征性的平等水平。
Women have not even reached
the level of tokenism that blacks are reaching.
最高法院中没有妇女，只有两名妇女曾担任内阁的职位，但现
在一个也没有。
No women
sit on the Supreme Court. Only two have held
Cabinet rank, and none do at present.
只有两位妇女担任大使。
Only two women hold ambassadorial rank.
妇女主要从事工资低、伺候人、
没有
前途的工作。
即使她们获得较好的职位，他们的工资也
43
总是比同样工作的男人低。
But women predominate in the lower-
paying, menial, unrewarding, dead-end jobs, and
when they
do reach better positions,
they are invariably paid less than a man for the
same job.
这不是歧视又是什么？
If that is not prejudice, what would
you call it?
几年前，我与一位政治领袖谈论
有关一个有前途的青年妇女做候选人的事。
A
few
years
ago,
I
was
talking
with
a
political
leader
about
a
promising
young
woman
as
a
candidate.
“为什么要花费时间和精力去树立这个女孩的威信？”他问道，
“你很
清楚她只会在我们打
算让她竞选市长时退出竞选去而生孩子。
”
“
Why
invest time and effort to build the girl up?‖ he
asked me. ―You know she‘ll only drop out
of the game to have a couple of kids
just about the time we‘re ready to run her for
mayor.‖
对于我，许多人说了类似的话。
Plenty of people have said similar
things about me.
每次当我试图向上迈一
步时，
许多人劝我回去教书，
说那才是妇女的职业，
把政治留给男人。
Plenty of others have advised me, every
time, I tried to take another upward step, that I
should go
back to teaching, a woman‘s
vocation and leave politics to the men.
我热爱教书，只要我确信这个国家再也不需要女人作贡献时，
我就会去教书。
I love
teaching, and I am ready to go back to it as soon
as I am convinced that this country no
longer needs a women‘s contribution.
当在这个富足的国家里，当没有孩子饿着肚子上床睡觉时，我
可能会回去教书。
When
there are no children going to bed hungry in this
rich nation, I may be ready to go back to
teaching.
当每一个孩子都能上好学校时，我也许会回去教书。
When there is a good school
for every child, I may be ready.
当我们不再将钱财耗费在武器装备上来杀人时，
当我们不再容忍对少数民族
的歧视时，
当惩
治住房和雇佣不公行为的法律得以实施而不是被
束之高阁时，
那么我在政治上也就再没什么
可做的了
When
we
do
not
spend
our
wealth
on
hardware
to
murder
people,
when
we
no
longer
tolerate
prejudice
against
minorities,
and
when
the
laws
against
unfair
housing
and
unfair
employment
practices are enforced instead of
evaded, then there may be nothing more for me to
do in politics.
但是在那以前——我们都
知道那不是今年或是明年——我们需要的是更多的妇女投身于政
治，因为妇女可以作出特
殊的贡献。
But until
that happens
–
and we all
know it will not be this year or next
–
what we need is more
women in politics, because we have a
very special contribution to make.
我希望自己成功的例子能使其他的妇女愿意参与政治活动——不仅仅是装信封，
而是竞选政
府职位。
I hope that the example of my success
will convince other women to get into politics
–
and not
just to
stuff envelopes, but to run for office.
妇女能将同情、
宽容、
远见、
忍耐和毅力带到政府中——这是我们与生俱有的品质或是在男
人的压制下不得不培养出来的品质。
It is women who can bring empathy,
tolerance, insight, patience, and persistence to
government
–
the
qualities we naturally have or have had to develop
because of our suppression by men.
一个国家的妇女通过她们在生活中的行为来塑造这个国家的道德、宗教和政治。
44
The women of a nation mold
its morals, its religion, and its politics by the
lives they live.
目前，
我们国家在政治上也许比其他
任何方面更需要妇女的理想主义和决心。
At present, our country needs women‘s
idealism and
determination, perhaps
more in politics than
anywhere else
词汇
(Vocabulary)
handicap:
n. anything that makes
progress or success difficult
不利因
素，障碍
Poor eyesight
is a handicap to a student.
视力差是学生的
一个障碍。
They are working under a handicap.
他们在不利的条件下工作。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
hostility:
n. enmity, ill
will
敌视，敌意
He
felt no hostility towards anyone.
他对任何人都没有敌意。
同词根的词有：
hostile: a
showing enmity, unfriendly
敌对的
He
was hostile to his colleagues.
他对同事怀有敌意。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
register:
v. make a written and formal record of
登记，注册
You must register with the embassy.
你必须到大使馆登记。
Where can I register for the English
course?
上英语课在
哪儿注册？
同词根的词有：
registration:
n
登记，注册
registrar: n.
登记员
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
reap:
v. receive sth.
as a result of one
’
s or
others
’
actions
获
得，得到报偿
He reaped the reward of years of study.
他从多年研究中
获得报偿。
As
a man sows, so he shall reap.
种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
project:
v. represent
sth. to others in a way that creates a strong or
favorable
impression
向他人表现以使其产生深刻或良好的印象
Does the BBC World Service
project a favorable view of
Great Britain?
英国广播公司对外广播是否使听众对英国产生好感？
The party is trying to project a new
..image of itself as
caring for the
working classes.
这个党竭力装出一付关心工人阶
45
级的新形象。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
ignore:
v. take no
notice of
忽视，对某人故意不理睬
I can
’
t ignore
his rudeness any longer.
他粗暴无礼，我
再也不能不闻不问了。
I
said hello to him, but he ignore me completely.
我向他打
招呼，可他根本不理睬。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
predominate:
v. be superior
in numbers, strength, etc.; have control
占优
势；统治
Men predominate
most promising jobs.
男人占据了大多数有
前途的工作。
A
small group has begun to predominate in policy-
making.
一小撮人在制定政策中开始起主导作用。
同词根的词有：
predominant: a.
有势力的，主要的，支配的
---------------------------
------------------------------------------
evade:
v. avoid, get out of the way of
避开，逃避
The
police evaded all the difficult questions.
那警察回
避了所有难以答复的问题。
His
son went on a trip in order to evade military
service.
他儿子为逃兵役出去旅游了。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
mold:
v. shape or influence sb / sth
塑造或影响某人某事
Television molds public opinion.
电视能影响舆论。
It
takes great efforts to mold a child into a
mature adult.
把孩子造就为成熟的成年人要费很大精力。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
短语
(Expressions)
at once: at the
same time
同时
I
can
’
t do two things at once.
我无法同时做两件事情。
The
film is at once humorous and moving.
这部电影既幽默又动人。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
strike sb as
??
: have an effect on sb.;
impress sb.
对某人产生
某种影响；给某人留下印象
The
plan strikes me as ridiculous.
我觉得这个计划荒唐可笑。
The
house strikes you as welcoming when you go in.
这所房
46
子你一进去就感到很舒服。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
think of
?
as: regard
?
as, consider
?
to be
把??看作??
He
is always thinking of himself as a common soldier.
他总是
把自己看作普通一兵。
Of
all the animals, the ape is thought of as the most
forgiving animal.
在所有动物中，类人猿被看作是最仁慈的动物。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
lie
behind: be the explanation for sth.
是某事的原因或理由
What lay behind this strange outburst?
这莫名其妙的发作究
竟是为什么？
Vanity lay behind her crime.
虚荣心是她犯罪的原因。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
build sb / sth
up: speak with great praise about sb /sth
吹捧某人或
某事
The
film was built up to be a masterpiece, but I found
it
very disappointing.
这部电影被吹捧为杰作，可是我觉得令人失望。
He was built up into a
great figure.
他被吹捧成一个了不起的
人物。
---------------
--------------------------------------------------
----
drop out: withdraw
退出
Since his
defeat he
’
s dropped out of
politics.
他失败后就不
再从事政治活动了。
He
dropped out of high school at the age of 16.
他
16
岁就中途
退学了。
---------------
--------------------------------------------------
----
run for: be a candidate in
an election for a political position
Cliton ran for the presidency a second
time in 1996.
克林顿
于
1996
年再次竞选总统。
Many people ran for mayor.
许多人竞选市长。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
词语辨析
(Word analysis)
incredible, incredulous
incredible: impossible to
believe; difficult to believe
不可相信
的，难以置信的
What an incredible story!
这件事真不可相信！
He
earns an incredible amount of money.
他挣钱多的惊人。
incredulous: not willing or
able to believe
不肯轻信的，不相信的
People nowadays are incredulous about
ghosts and witches.
现在
人们不相信鬼怪。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
tone, tune
tone: manner of
expression in speaking
语气，腔调
47
Don
’
t speak to me
in that tone.
别用那种腔调跟我说话。
tune: melody,
esp. a well-marked one
；
musical pitch
曲调；音
高，调子
He gave us a tune on his fiddle.
他用小提琴给我们奏了一个曲子。
The
choir was singing distinctly out of tune in
places.
合唱团
有些地方明显唱走调了。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
sympathy, empathy
sympathy:
sharing the feelings of others; feeling of pity
and
sorrow
同情；同情心
She
never expressed any sympathy when I was injured.
我受伤
时她从未表示过同情。
empathy:
ability to imagine and share another person‘s
feelings,
experience, etc.
感情移入，同感
There is a strange empathy between the
old lady and her
grandson.
老妇人和她孙子之间有种莫名其妙的心灵相通的感觉。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
vocation, vacation
vocation:
person
’
s trade or profession
行业，职业
You
should be an actor----you
’
ve
missed your vocation.
你
应该当演员，你入错了行。
vacation: holidays
假期，休假
Where are you going for your vacation?
你到那儿去度假？
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
content,
contented
content: satisfied with one has
知足，满足
Are
you content with your present salary?
你对现在的薪水
满意吗？
contented: showing or feeling content,
satisfied
感到满足
He
seems quite contented with his life.
他好像对自己的生
活很满足。
content
不可作定语，
contented
可以作定语。
He is a contented person.
他是个心满意足的人。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
eliminate,
illuminate
eliminate: remove; kill ruthlessly
消除；干掉某人
The
police have eliminated two suspects from their
enquiry.
警察从调查中已排除了两名受嫌疑的人。
The dictator had eliminated all his
political opponents.
独
裁者已将所有政敌干掉了。
illuminate: provide sth
with light
照明，照亮
The
sun illuminates the sky.
太阳照亮了天空。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
perseverance,
persistence
48
perseverance:
constant effort to achieve sth
坚持不懈
After months of
disappointment, his perseverance was finally
rewarded.
数月来他经历挫折而不断努力，终于有了收获。
persistence:
being persistent; refusing to make any change in
doing sth
坚持，执意
His persistence was rewarded when they
finally agreed to
resume
discussions.
他们终于同意继续谈判，这是他坚持不懈的结果。
His persistence in riding that dreadful
bike annoyed her.
他
执意要骑那辆破自行车使她很恼火。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
moral, morale
moral:
concerning principles of right and wrong behaviors
道
德的，伦理的
He
turns every subject into a moral discussion.
他把每个题目
都转向道德问题的讨论。
morale: confidence,
enthusiasm of a person or a group
士气，精
神状态
The news is
good for the team
’
s morale.
这个消息对提高全队
的士气大有好处。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
难句理解
(Sentence
comprehension)
§
I was the first to
overcome both handicaps at once.
I was the first to overcome
both disadvantages at the same time
because I am a black woman.
我是第一个同时战胜两个不利因素的人。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
§
Among members of my own
party, closed meetings were held to
discuss ways of
stopping me.
Members of my own party held secret
meetings to discuss how
to prevent me
from running for the seat.
我所在党的成员们召开
秘密会议，讨论阻止我参选的办法。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
§
While the television crews ignored me…
TV reporters
took no notice of me, so I was not interviewed
nor reported on TV
..
电视记者们对我不屑一顾。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
§
The happy homemakers and
the contented darky are both stereotypes
produced by prejudice.
The typical ..image of a
woman is a housewife who is happy doing
housework while the typical ..image of
a black is one who is
49
content with his inferior
status. Both are to be true because
of
prejudice against them.
幸福的家庭主妇和和心满意足的黑人都
是偏见之下产生的典型人物。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
§
But women predominate in
lower-paying, menial, unrewarding,
dead-end jobs.
Most of the people doing lower-paying,
menial, unrewarding,
dead-end jobs
are women.
然而妇女大都干着工资低、职位低、无好
处、无前途的工作。
---
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
§
Why invest time and effort
to build the girl up?
Why should we waste our time and effort
to help her gain
reputation?
为什么要花时间和精力去培养这个女孩？
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
§
The women of a nation mold
its morals, its religion, and its
politics by the
lives they live.
The women of a nation shape its moral,
religious, and political
standards by
the way they act in their daily lives.
一个国家的
妇女通过她们的日常生活塑造了国家的道德、宗教和政治标准。
-----------------------------------------
----------------------------
Lesson 6: A Good Chance
我到鸭溪时，喜鹊没在家，我和他的妻子阿米莉亚谈了谈。
When I got to Crow Creek,
Magpie was not home. I talked to his wife Amelia.
“我要找喜鹊，
< br>”
我说，
“我给他带来了好消息。
”我指指提着的箱子，
“我带来了他的诗歌和
一封加利福尼亚
大学的录取通知书，他们想让他来参加为印第安人举办的艺术课。
”
“
I
need
to
find
Magpie,‖
I
said.
―I‘ve
really
got
some
good
news
for
him.‖
I
pointed
to
the
briefcase
I
was
carrying.
―I
have
his
poems
and
a
letter
of
acceptance
from
a
University
in
California where they
want him to come and participate in the Fine Arts
Program they have started
for Indians.‖
“你知道他还在假释期间吗？”
“
Do you kn
ow that
he was on parole?‖
“这个，不，不大清楚。
”我犹豫着说，
“我一直没有
和他联系，但我听说他遇到了些麻烦。
”
“
Well, no, not
exactly,‖ I said hesitantly, ―I haven‘t kept in
touch with him but I heard that he
was
in some kind of trouble.
<
/p>
她对我笑笑说：
“他已经离开很久了。你知道，他在这儿不安全。
他的假释官随时都在监视
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