-
江苏
2017
高考英语阅读理解
--
细节理解题讲解及训练（含答案）
阅读理解解题指导
阅读理解历来都是
高考英语试卷中难度最大、
区分度最高的题型，
它要求考生理解
文章的主旨
和要义；理解文中的具体信息；根据上下文推断生词的词义；理解文章的基本
结构；理解作者的意
图、观点和态度等。下面我们来探讨一下高考阅读理解的解题思路。
阅读理解
----
【细节理解题】
细节理解
题主要考查考生对阅读材料中某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。
它的设题
方式主要有以下两种：
1.
以
what, who, which, when,
where, why, how
等特殊疑问句的方式来提问，针对文章中的
具体事物、人物、时间、地点、原因
(
目的
)
、方式等来设问考查。解这类题时，大家可以带着问题
去阅读文章，最后采用
“
对号入座
< br>”
的办法，把原文信息跟后面的题目对照，最后确定出正确答案。
如
:
真题摘选【
1
】
(
2013
江苏卷
D
篇
)
I say clever because anti-
slavery fiction had been the important part of the
literature in the years
before the
C
ivil War. H. B. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s
Cabin
is only the most famous example.
These early
stories dealt directly with
slavery. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his
attacks on slavery and
prejudice into
tales that were on the surface about something
else entirely. He drew his readers into the
argument by drawing them into the
story.
65. How do Twain’s
novels on slavery differ from Stowe’s?
A. Twain was more willing to deal with
racism.
B. Twain’s attack on racism was
much less open.
C. Twain’s
themes se
emed to agree with plots.
D. Twain was openly concerned with
racism.
解析：
根据文中信
息，
Stowe
的小说正面抨击奴隶制问题，而马克
?
吐温则通过故事来抨击奴隶
制和种族歧视，可见
马克
?
吐温对种族歧视的抨击不那么公开。
【实战演练】
阅读理解
Part of a research
study
，
by scientists at
McMaster university
，
which is
ongoing into the influence of
drinking
milk after heavy
weightlifting
，
has observed
that milk helps exercisers burn more fat.
1
The scientists
took three groups of young men 18 to 30 years of
age,56 in total
，
and put them
through a
strict
，
five-
day-
per-
week
weightlifting program over a 12-
week
ing their workouts
，
study
participants drank either two cups of
skim milk (
脱脂奶
)
，<
/p>
or a soy beverage with equivalent
amounts of
protein and
energy
，
or a carbohydrate
beverage (
碳酸饮料
) with an
equivalent amount of energy.
Upon the
study’s conclusi
on
，
scientists observed that
：
the milk drinking group
had lost nearly twice as much
fat
—
two
pounds
—
as those in the
carbohydrate beverage
group
，
who lost one pound of
drinking
soy lost no the same
time
，
the gain in muscle was
much greater among the milk drinkers than either
the soy or carbohydrate beverage
participants.
As published in the first
stage of the study
，
the milk
drinking group came out on top in terms of muscle
gain
with an estimated 40 percent or
2.5 pounds more muscle mass than the soy beverage
addition
，
this group gained
63 percent or 3.3 pounds more muscle mass than the
carbohydrate beverage drinkers.
“I
think the evidence is beginning to
increase
，
”says Stuart
Phillips—the leader of the study.“Milk may be
best known for its calcium
(
钙
) content in supporting
bone health
，
but our
research
，
and later
others’
，
can
continually support milk’s ability to
aid in muscle growth and also promote body fat is
the ideal
post-
workout drink
for recreational exercisers and athletes
alike.”
1
．
According to
the study
，
which is the best
drink for exercisers to lose weight?
A
．
Fruit juice.
C
．
Skim milk.
解析：
细节理解题。根据第三段可知。
答案：
C
2
．
From the
passage we can learn that milk has a good effect
on all of the following EXCEPT________.
A
．
muscle gain
C
．
bone health
B
．
brain
development
D
．
fat
loss
B
．
Soy
beverage.
D
．
Carbohydrate
beverage.
解析：
细节理解题。根据前三段可知，牛奶可以
gain
muscle
和
lose fat
，故
A
、
D
正确；
根据最后
一段中的
“Milk may be best
known for its calicium content in supporting bone
health”
可知
C
也正确，
所以
答案为
B
。
答案：
B
3
．
According to
the passage
，
we can know
that________.
A
．
the scientists
chose people aged 18,30 and 56 as participants of
the research
B
．
the
weightlifting program which study participants
attended was 84 days in total
C
．
people who
drink milk every day are always healthier and
thinner than others
D
．
soy beverages
are better than carbohydrate beverages for
exercisers to gain muscle
解析：
细节理解题。根据第二段中的
“The scientists
book three groups of young men 18 to 30 years of
age,56 in total
，
”
可知
A
错误；
根据第二段中的
“put them through a strict
，
five-
day-
pe
r-
week weightlifting
program
over a 12?week period.”
可知
B
错误；
文章提到喝牛奶可以
gain
muscle
和
lose fat
，<
/p>
但是并没有
提到每天喝牛奶的人会比其他人健康、苗条，故
C
也错误。
2
答案：
D
4
．
What does
Philips want to tell us?
A
．
More evidence
is needed to strengthen their research.
B
．
Milk has more
calcium than soy or carbohydrate beverages.
C
．
The calcium in
milk can also help gain muscle and lose fat.
D
．
Athletes should
be forbidden to drink other beverages except milk.
解析：
细节理解题。
由
“...but
our research
，
and later
others’
，
can continually
support milk’s ability to
aid
in muscle growth and also promote body
fat loss.”
可知答案。
答案：
A
5
．
What does the
passage mainly talk about?
A
．
What exercisers
should do to lose weight.
B
．
How milk
influences people’s health and figure.
C
．
The differences
between milk and soy or carbohydrate beverages.
D
．
A research on
the effect of drinking
milk
—
gain muscle and lose
fat.
解析：
主旨大意题。通读
全文可知，文章介绍了一项关于喝牛奶的最新研究成果，即喝牛奶可以
gain
muscle
和
lose fat
，所
以答案为
D
。
答案：
D.
真题摘选【
2
】
(2013
课标卷
I A
篇
)
Some
people will do just about anything to save money.
And I am one of them. Take my
family
’
s
last
vacation.
It
was
my
six-year-
old
son
’
s
winter
break
from
school,
and
we
were
heading home form Fort
Lauderdale after a weeklong trip. The flight was
overbooked, and
Delta, the airline,
offered us $$400 per person in credits to give up
our seats and leave
the next day. I had
meetings in New York, so I had to get back. But
that didn
’
t mean my
husband and my son
couldn
’
t stay. I took my
nine-month-old and took off for home.
56. Why did Delta give the
author
’
s family credits?
A. They took a later
flight.
B. They had early
bookings.
C. Their flight
had been delayed.
D. Their
flight had been cancelled.
解析：
本文为夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己的亲身经历来阐明观点，即如何获取金钱的最大
3
利用价值，从而理性消费。利用关键词查询可以在第一
段中找到
The flight was overbooked, and
Delta, the airline, offered us $$400 per
person in credits to give up our seats and leave
the next day
这些相关信息。由该句可知，因为航
班超员，航空公司
(Delta)
以信用卡的形式补偿
我们每人
400
美金，要我们放弃座位，第二天
再离开。故选
A
项
(
< br>他们乘坐了较晚的航班
)
。
【实战演练】
【
2016
届石家庄市高中毕业班质量检测（二）试题】阅读理解。阅读下面短文，选
择最佳答案填
空。
C
You use
her as a shoulder to cry on. She texts you back
with casual jokes. But she, Xiaoice, is only a
virtual chatbot.
Xiaoice,
Microsoft’s latest artificial intelligence robot,
was briefly released
in 2014, and
returned to
WeChat in 2015, where she
became a big hit. Millions of young Chinese now
exchange messages with
her daily, The
New York Times reported. On WeChat, Xiaoice is an
official account. After following it,
users can start text-based
conversations with Xiaoice.
“Her incredible learning ability was
why people loved to talk with Xiaoice,”
Li
u Jinchang, a
researcher
at High-tech Research and Development Center under
the Ministry of Science and Technology,
told China Daily. Apart from her
ability to identify photos and send emojis
(
表情符号
) in conversations,
Xiaoice gains 45 percent of her
knowledge from interacting with users, China Daily
reported.
Chatbot programs first
appeared in the mid-1960s in the US. Driven by top
tech companies, they are
becoming
smarter and more common.
For instance,
IBM’s latest artificial intelligence program
served
as
an academic
consultant
at Australia’s Deakin
University, answering
student
s
’
questions about course
schedules and
financial aid. Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa
have been used as voice assistants who can
read news, play music and even make
jokes for their users.
These programs
are expected to move beyond smartphones, into
televisions, cars and living rooms,
The
New York Times pointed out.
However, it
may take decades before scientists develop a
“Samantha”,
the advanced chatbot seen
in the fiction film Her. In the film, Samantha
sparks a romantic relationship
with her
user played by US actor Joaquin Phoenix. Many
viewers were enthusiastic about this fantasy of
virtual soul mates.
1. What
does the underlined part in paragraph two mean?
A. She became a
best seller.
4
B. She became very
powerful.
C.
She became a money maker.
D. She became very popular.
2. Which of the following can Xiaoice
do?
A. Do housework.
B. Spread messages.
D. Read news to its users.
C. Identify various photos.
3. Which
company
’
s chatbot program
can act as an academic consultant?
A.
Microsoft.
B. IBM.
C. Apple.
D. Amazon.
4. What can be learned from the last
paragraph?
A. Chatbots mainly run on
smartphones now.
B.
It
’
ll take decades to apply
chatbots to cars.
C. Samantha is played
by a US actor in the film.
D. The film
Her doesn
’
t interest many
audience .
参考答案、
DCBA
2.
以不完整的句子形式，针对文
章的某个细节设题，考查考生对此事实细节的认定和理解能
力。如：
真题摘选【
1
】
(2013
课标卷
I
B
篇
)
Or
do
newborns
simply
prefer
more
to
fewer?
The
same
experiment,
but
with
three
spots
shown before two, shows the same return
of interest when the number of spots changes.
Perhaps
it
is
just
the
newness?
When
slightly
older
babies
were
shown
cards
with
pictures
of objects (a comb,
a key, an orange and so on), changing the number
of objects had an
effect separate from
changing the objects themselves. Could it be the
pattern that two
things make, as
opposed to three? No again. Babies paid more
attention to squares moving
randomly on
a screen when their number changed from two to
three, or three to two. The
effect
even
crosses
between
senses.
Babies
who
were
repeatedly
shown
two
spots
became
more
excited when they then
heard three drumbeats than when they heard just
two; likewise (
同
5
样地
) when the
researchers started with drumbeats and moved to
spots.
61. Babies are sensitive to the
change in ______.
A. the
size of cards
B. the
colour of pictures
C. the
shape of patterns
D. the
number of objects
解析：
本文为科普类说
明文，主要讨论了婴儿是否能感知数量这一问题。根据第二段中
When
slightly
older
babies
were
shown
cards
with
pictures
of
objects
(a
comb,
a
key,
an
orange
and
so
on),
changing
the
number
of
objects
had
an
effect
separate
from
changing
the
objects
themselves
可知，卡片上物品的数目而不是物品本身的变化对婴儿的视觉产生了影响，故选
D
。
【习题选编】
阅读下列短文
,
从给的四个选项
(A
、
B
、
C
和
D)
中
,
选出最佳选项。
体裁：记叙文
话题：公共服务
时间：
7
分钟
The world of taxi drivers is dominated
by there is one small taxi company in
Delhi
，
where all the
drivers and passengers are 's safety is
a hot topic in India at the
moment
，
so it's proving a
very
popular service.
“When
I'm on the road drivi
ng our taxi I feel
very proud
，
because this is
the first taxi service only for
women
，
”says
31?year?old Shanti
Sharma
，
who is one of eight
female drivers with a taxi service called Cabs
for Women by Women.
The last
couple of months
，
since the
rape and murder in the city of a college student
travelling on a bus
，
have
been particularly busy for her and her
colleagues.
“After this
case
，
our workload has
increased so much
，
” says
Sharma.“Women who used other cab services
are also turning to us now.”
Most women in Delhi say they routinely
face harassment(
骚扰
)
，
and
worse
，
especially on public
transport.
Sharma
，
a single
parent with three
daughters
，
has been working
as a taxi driver since
2011
，
when the service
was first set
up
，
and it has changed her
is the first time that she has earned
enough
—
about
250 a
month
—
to support
her family.
Of
course
，
she and the other
female taxi drivers are completely outnumbered by
male cabbies.“When I park
somewhere
there are always men there and inevitably five or
six of them get together and hang
out
，
” she
says.“I'm usually the only woman in the
parking lot
，
so I just stay
inside the car.”
It's not
much better when she is out on the says the male
drivers give her a hard time.“As soon
6