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副词专题讲义

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2021-02-10 20:56
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2021年2月10日发(作者:clown)



专题五




副词讲义




[


目标定位


]


1.


掌握副词的词义辨析,尤其是相似的词,其意义有很大差异的,需要重点把握。这 是考试的


重点。



2

< br>掌握副词的构成:一般情况下是形容词


+ ly


,但有些 词


+ly


以后,其意义发生了很大的变化,





late


迟到的;而


lately


是< /p>



最近的,现在的


,这都是重点。



3.


重点掌握副 词的比较级和最高级的构成规则,这几乎是每年考试都必然涉及的重点。尤其是


不规则的 变化。




如:


well-better-best; badly- worse-worst; little---less-least.


4.


熟练掌握常用副词的分类和使用规则,比如:


ago

< br>和


before



almost



nearly


的区别等。

< p>


5.


注意最高级的使用必须有比较的范围和对象 。


这是初学者较容易忽略的地方,


应该重点掌握。



6.


了解副词的位置变化:一般放在动词后面。但 系动词和


be


动词后面跟形容词。




[


语法梳理


]


一、副词的种类、作用和位置







副词是 用来说明动作或状态的特征、时间、地点、程度、方式等的情况的词。



(一)副词的种类




如:



1. We often watch TV after dinner.


2. He went home/upstairs quietly.


3. ---How is he doing his homework?



--- He is doing(his homework) carefully


4. I have only a little money.


5. How do you go to school? Why don't you go by bus?


6. How often do you go to see your grandparents?



1


7. The reason why he was late was that he got up late


8. I was away when you were here.




I want to know how he finished the work.


(二)副词的作用



1.


作状语。用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句子。如:





He runs fast.




I have been very busy these days.


2.


作表语, 用来说明主语的状态。如:





When the meeting isover, give me aphone call.


3.


作主语补足语或宾语补足语,用来说明主语或 宾语的状态。如







Did you see anybody in?






The boy was seen upstairs.


4.


作定语,通常后置。如:




All the students here are my classmates.


(三)副词的位置



1


.副词作状语时,通常放在谓语动词之后.如果谓语动词后带有宾语. 则放在宾语之后如:





He speaks English fluently


.他英语说得很流利。


2



频度副词作状语时放在


be< /p>


动词、


助动词或情态动词之后。


行为动词 之前。


若有多个助动词,



则置于第一个助动词之后。如:





He always goes to school by bus.




He isalwayshappy




3< /p>


.副词修饰形容词或副词时,置于所修饰的词语之前。但是,


en ough


修饰形容词或副词时,


则要放在所修饰词之后。如:< /p>





He's tall enough to get the book down


.他足够高,可以把书驭下来。


4


.有些表示位置的副词,如果宾语是人称代词。该副词应放在人称代词之后。如:


put on your




Hat


中的


your hat



it


代替时,要说成


put it on




5.


时间副词和地点副词的位置一般放在句尾。


若同时出现,


则把地点副词放在时间副词的前面。


如:





They went swimming in the river yesterday


.他们昨天去河里游泳了。



6.


程度副词一般放在被修饰的形容词或副词前面,放在情态动词和助动词之 后。如:





I


?


m very sad to hear that


。听到这个消息我很难过。



二、副词的构成







许多副 词都是在形容词后直接加


-1y


构成的。如:

< br>quickly




1.



-le


结尾的词去


e



y


。如:


gentle-gently




2.


以辅音字母


+y


结尾的词变

< p>
y



i


再加


-ly


。如:


happily



easily




3.


与形容词同形的副词。如:


fast



early



hard< /p>


等。



三、比较等级构成



1.


规则变化:副词的比较等级的变法与形容词比较等级的变法基本相同,请参看专题五中



形容


间比较等级的规则变化





2.


不规则变化:



well-better-best


badly- worse-worst


little --less----least


much-more-most


far- farther/further-farthest/furthest


用法:


副词比较等级的用法和结构与形容词的用法和结构相同,


请参看专题 五中



形容词比较级


用法



。但副词最高级前不加定冠词


the





2



一、基础训练


A.


写出下列副词的比较级和最高级形式。



1. Early__________________2. Well__________________


3. hard__________________4. little__________________


5. slowly__________________6. badly__________________


7. fast____________________________________

B.


根据句子意思,用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。



h is the most(wide) language in the world.


arrived atthe bus station an hour ( early)than yesterday.










3. Look at thesun.



It always shines(bright)at this time of year.


's best to say ( little) and do_________(much)


mother came into the room( quiet) .


Ming jumps(high)in his school.


looks(bad)ill today.


father doeseverything more_______(care) than mymother.



二.句型转换



works harder than the other twoboys.=Tom works _______ of the three boy


2. Jane went to the park yesterday ,and Jack went there, too.= Jane went to the park yesterdayand


Jack went there.


3. I prefer science to any other subject.= I like science other subject.


4. Why are you late for a second time? =Why are you late








?


5. The snow was very heavy last night.=It



last night.



[


疑难拓展


]


疑难点一:


原形既是形容词又是副词,但同时也存在加


ly< /p>


构成的副词,这两种形式的副词要



区别 开。常见的有:


hard


努力地


-ha rdly


几乎不;


high


(有形的) 高


-highly


(比喻意义上的)高


度地;


deep


(有形的)深


-dee ply


(比喻意义上的)深深地;


wide

(有形的)宽


-widely


(比喻意

义上的)广泛地;


near


(指时间、距离、事件等)附近 ,靠近


-nearly


几乎;


most


大多数


-mostly


大部分地;


close


(有形的)靠近


-closel y


(比喻意义上的)密切地;


late


晚,迟


-lately


最近,近


来。< /p>



疑难点二:




much too



too much


的用法辨析



much to o


意为



实在太,非常



,修饰形容词或副词原级。如:


much too difficult;


too much


意为



太多



,修饰不可数名词, 与


too many


相对(


too many


修饰可数名词复数)




如:


too much rain,too many words




疑难点三:

< p>
already



yet


的用法辨析。



1


< br>already


常用于肯定句,如:


I have finished already.


2


< br>yet


常用于否定句和疑问句句尾。如:


They haven't been there yet.



疑难点四 :


too



as well

< p>


also



eithe r


的用法辨析。



1

< br>.


too



as well


主要用于肯定句,常放在句尾。如:


He likes English,l like it,too.




She can dance and she can sing as well.



主要用于肯定句,常放在


be


动词或助动词之后,行为动词之前。如:





She can dance and she can also sing.



用于否定句,常放在句尾。如:



I don't go to school today. He doesn't either.


疑难点五:


rather


fairly


意为


< p>
相当




rather< /p>


修饰褒义词或贬义词皆可,


fairly


只修饰褒义词。




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