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专题五
副词讲义
[
目标定位
]
1.
掌握副词的词义辨析,尤其是相似的词,其意义有很大差异的,需要重点把握。这
是考试的
重点。
2
< br>掌握副词的构成:一般情况下是形容词
+ ly
,但有些
词
+ly
以后,其意义发生了很大的变化,
如
late
迟到的;而
lately
是<
/p>
“
最近的,现在的
”
,这都是重点。
3.
重点掌握副
词的比较级和最高级的构成规则,这几乎是每年考试都必然涉及的重点。尤其是
不规则的
变化。
如:
well-better-best; badly-
worse-worst; little---less-least.
4.
熟练掌握常用副词的分类和使用规则,比如:
ago
< br>和
before
,
almost
和
nearly
的区别等。
5.
注意最高级的使用必须有比较的范围和对象
。
这是初学者较容易忽略的地方,
应该重点掌握。
6.
了解副词的位置变化:一般放在动词后面。但
系动词和
be
动词后面跟形容词。
[
语法梳理
]
一、副词的种类、作用和位置
副词是
用来说明动作或状态的特征、时间、地点、程度、方式等的情况的词。
(一)副词的种类
如:
1. We often
watch TV after dinner.
2. He went
home/upstairs quietly.
3. ---How is he
doing his homework?
--- He
is doing(his homework) carefully
4. I
have only a little money.
5. How do you
go to school? Why don't you go by bus?
6. How often do you go to see your
grandparents?
1
7. The reason why he was late was that
he got up late
8. I was away when you
were here.
I
want to know how he finished the work.
(二)副词的作用
1.
作状语。用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句子。如:
He runs fast.
I have been
very busy these days.
2.
作表语,
用来说明主语的状态。如:
When the meeting isover, give me aphone
call.
3.
作主语补足语或宾语补足语,用来说明主语或
宾语的状态。如
Did you see
anybody in?
The boy was seen upstairs.
4.
作定语,通常后置。如:
All the students here are
my classmates.
(三)副词的位置
1
.副词作状语时,通常放在谓语动词之后.如果谓语动词后带有宾语.
则放在宾语之后如:
He speaks English
fluently
.他英语说得很流利。
2
.
频度副词作状语时放在
be<
/p>
动词、
助动词或情态动词之后。
行为动词
之前。
若有多个助动词,
则置于第一个助动词之后。如:
He always goes to school by
bus.
He
isalwayshappy
。
3<
/p>
.副词修饰形容词或副词时,置于所修饰的词语之前。但是,
en
ough
修饰形容词或副词时,
则要放在所修饰词之后。如:<
/p>
He's
tall enough to get the book
down
.他足够高,可以把书驭下来。
4
.有些表示位置的副词,如果宾语是人称代词。该副词应放在人称代词之后。如:
put on your
Hat
中的
your hat
被
it
代替时,要说成
put it on
。
5.
时间副词和地点副词的位置一般放在句尾。
若同时出现,
则把地点副词放在时间副词的前面。
如:
They went
swimming in the river
yesterday
.他们昨天去河里游泳了。
6.
程度副词一般放在被修饰的形容词或副词前面,放在情态动词和助动词之
后。如:
I
?
m very sad to
hear that
。听到这个消息我很难过。
二、副词的构成
许多副
词都是在形容词后直接加
-1y
构成的。如:
< br>quickly
。
1.
以
-le
结尾的词去
e
加
y
。如:
gentle-gently
。
2.
以辅音字母
+y
结尾的词变
y
为
i
再加
-ly
。如:
happily
,
easily
。
3.
与形容词同形的副词。如:
fast
,
early
,
hard<
/p>
等。
三、比较等级构成
1.
规则变化:副词的比较等级的变法与形容词比较等级的变法基本相同,请参看专题五中
“
形容
间比较等级的规则变化
”
。
2.
不规则变化:
well-better-best
badly-
worse-worst
little --less----least
much-more-most
far-
farther/further-farthest/furthest
用法:
p>
副词比较等级的用法和结构与形容词的用法和结构相同,
请参看专题
五中
“
形容词比较级
用法
”
。但副词最高级前不加定冠词
the
。
2
一、基础训练
A.
写出下列副词的比较级和最高级形式。
1. Early__________________2.
Well__________________
3.
hard__________________4. little__________________
5. slowly__________________6.
badly__________________
7.
fast____________________________________
B.
根据句子意思,用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
h is the most(wide) language in the
world.
arrived atthe bus station an
hour ( early)than yesterday.
3.
Look at thesun.
It always
shines(bright)at this time of year.
's
best to say ( little) and do_________(much)
mother came into the room( quiet) .
Ming jumps(high)in his school.
looks(bad)ill today.
father doeseverything more_______(care) than
mymother.
二.句型转换
works harder than the other
twoboys.=Tom works _______ of the three boy
2. Jane went to the park yesterday ,and
Jack went there, too.= Jane went to the park
yesterdayand
Jack went there.
3. I prefer science to any other
subject.= I like science other subject.
4. Why are you late for a second time?
=Why are you late
?
5. The snow was very heavy
last night.=It
last night.
[
疑难拓展
]
疑难点一:
原形既是形容词又是副词,但同时也存在加
ly<
/p>
构成的副词,这两种形式的副词要
区别
开。常见的有:
hard
努力地
-ha
rdly
几乎不;
high
(有形的)
高
-highly
(比喻意义上的)高
度地;
deep
(有形的)深
-dee
ply
(比喻意义上的)深深地;
wide
(有形的)宽
-widely
(比喻意
义上的)广泛地;
near
(指时间、距离、事件等)附近
,靠近
-nearly
几乎;
most
大多数
-mostly
大部分地;
p>
close
(有形的)靠近
-closel
y
(比喻意义上的)密切地;
late
晚,迟
-lately
最近,近
来。<
/p>
疑难点二:
much too
和
too
much
的用法辨析
much to
o
意为
“
实在太,非常
”
,修饰形容词或副词原级。如:
much too
difficult;
too much
意为
“
太多
”
,修饰不可数名词,
与
too many
相对(
too
many
修饰可数名词复数)
。
如:
too much rain,too many
words
。
疑难点三:
already
和
yet
的用法辨析。
1
.
< br>already
常用于肯定句,如:
I have
finished already.
2
.
< br>yet
常用于否定句和疑问句句尾。如:
They
haven't been there yet.
疑难点四
:
too
,
as well
,
also
与
eithe
r
的用法辨析。
1
< br>.
too
和
as
well
主要用于肯定句,常放在句尾。如:
He likes
English,l like it,too.
She can dance and she can sing as well.
主要用于肯定句,常放在
be
动词或助动词之后,行为动词之前。如:
She can dance and she can
also sing.
用于否定句,常放在句尾。如:
I don't go to school today. He doesn't
either.
疑难点五:
rather
和
fairly
意为
“
相当
”
,
rather<
/p>
修饰褒义词或贬义词皆可,
fairly
只修饰褒义词。
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