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8B Unit4 A good read
Comic
strip
&
Welcome to the unit
1.
Have you decided what to
do with these books?
你已经决定怎样处理这些书了吗?
do with
意思是:
“对付,处理
”
,相当于及物动词,在特殊疑问句中,
do with
与
what
搭配
使用。
例:
What do you do with this
problem?
你怎样处理这个问题?
拓展:
deal
with
也意为“对付,
处理”
,用于特殊疑问句中,与
how
搭配使用。
例:
I don’t know how to deal
with the problem.
我不知道怎样处理这个问题。
2.
I have to use them to reach the box on
the fridge.
我得用它们来够冰箱上的书。
1
)
use sth. to do
sth.
意思是:
“用某物来做某事”
,
也可用为
use sth.
for (doing)
sth.
。被动语
态为:
sth.
be used to do sth.
例:
We use computers to play
games.= Computers are used to play games.
我们用电脑玩游戏。
2
)
reach
为及物动词,意为“够到,到达”
I’m too short to reach the apple on the
tree.
我太矮了,够不着树上的苹果。
3.
They improve my knowledge
of the past.
它们提高我对过去的认识。
p>
Knowledge
是名词,意为“知识,认知,学问”
,后可接
of
的短语作定语或
that
从句作同位
语,
表示关于
某方面的知识或对某人或某事的了解或理解,
此时
knowle
dge
前须加定冠词
the
。
例:
He is poor in
money, but rich in knowledge.
他贫于金钱,但富于学问。
She
has a rich knowledge of Chinese history.
她对中国的历史了解很深。
4.
What do you like to do in your spare
time?
你空闲时间喜欢干什么?
Spare
是形容词,意为“空闲的,多余的”
例:
How do you spend your
spare time?
你怎样度过你的空余时间?
拓展:
spare
也可作为动词,意思是:为
…
留出,匀出
例:
Please spare some time for
your hobbies.
请为你的爱好留出一点时间。
Reading
1.
After
our ship crashed against the rocks, I swam as far
as I could.
在我们的船触礁以
后,我尽可能远地
向前游。
1)
against
是介词,意思是:靠着、顶着、迎着、衬着,
例:
The teache
r’s
desk is against the wall.
老师的办公桌靠墙放着。
The
red flag looks very bright against the blue sky.
红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得十分鲜艳。
2) as far as
意为:与
…
一样远、一直到,在否定句中也可写为
so far as,
例:
We walked as far as the
river.
我们一直走到河边。
拓展:
as far as
也可表示为
“就
…
而言,
从
…
来看,
尽
…
所能”
例:
We’ll help you
as far as it is possible.
我们会尽可能帮助你。
2.
By the time I finally felt the land
under my feet, I was tired out.
我能感觉到陆地在我的
脚下,我已经精疲力竭了。
Be tired out
意思是:疲倦,精疲力竭
例:
Those players were tired
out after the fierce match.
那些队员在那场激烈的比
赛之后感到精
疲力竭了。
拓展:
be tired of
对<
/p>
...
感到厌倦
; be tired
with
因
...
而疲劳
例:
I am tired of living aboard.
我厌烦了国外的生活。
He was
tired with climbing that steep
hill.
我爬那座陡山爬累了
.
3.
It moved up over my
stomach and neck until it was standing near my fac
e.
它在我肚子
和脖子上移动直到它站在离我脸很近的地方。<
/p>
until
意思是“直到”
,表示某一种动作一直持续到某一时间。用在肯定句中,句子的谓语动
词
必须用延续性动词。
Not…until
意为“直到
…
才”
,表示直到某一时间,某一动作才发生,<
/p>
之前该动作并没有发生。用在否定句中,主句中的谓语动词通常是短暂性动词。
例:
I studied English
until 9 o’clock last night.
昨晚我学英语直到九点钟
。
(表示九点前一直
在学)
I didn’t leave until 9 o’clock last
night.
我昨晚直到九点钟才离开。
(表示九点才离开)
4.
He was the
same size as my little finger.
他和我的小手指一样大。
the s
ame…as…
意思是“与
…
一样
p>
…
”
,这里
as
是连词。例:
My dress
is the same color as yours.
我的长裙和你的颜色一样。
拓展:
the same as…
意思
是“与
…
一样”
例:
This answer
must be a crib: it's exactly the same as Jones's.
这个答案可能是抄袭来的,跟琼斯
的答案一模一样。
5. However, they soon got up
again and continued moving across my body.
但是,他们很快
又起身,并继续在我身上移动。
p>
continue
意思是“继续”
,指动作
或状态的继续或持续不中断。可以表示一件事一直在做,
中间没有停歇;
也可以表示中间有一个中断,
接着又做下去,
可作及物
动词,也可作不及物
动词。后可以加名词、动名词、不定式或
t
hat
从句。
例:
She looked up for a
moment, then continued drawing.
她抬头看了一下,然后继续画画。
6. I did not know what to say either. I
tried to pull one hand free and finally managed to
break the ropes.
我也不知道说什么。我尽量
空出一只手并且最终设法弄断了绳子。
1)
either
是副词,用于否定句中作“也”解释,通常置于句末。
Either
还可以用来强调否定
含义的短语。<
/p>
例:
I don’t like
the red shirt and I don’t like the green either. <
/p>
我不喜欢这件红色衬衫我也不喜
欢这件绿色的。
< br>
As for me, I shall not return there
either.
如果是我,我也不会回到那儿去。
拓展:
either
用作代词,意为“(两者之
中)任一、任何一个”,在句中作主语时谓语动词
用单数,用作定语时,只能修饰单数名
词。
例:
Either of
the books is popular with the students.
两本书中任何一本都受到学生的欢迎。
2) manage
意为“设法完成,管理”
< br>,名词为
management
例:
How did you manage to get
their approval?
你怎样得到他们同意的?
Under strict management, his business
gained ground.
在严格的管理下
,
他的生意有了起色
.
Grammar
1.
疑问词
+
不定式(
to
do
)
疑问词有疑问代词
who, whom, what,
which, whose
和疑问副词
when,
where, how, why
。
此外,
连接词
whether
也适用。
“疑问词
+
不定式”结构有下列五种功
能:
⑴当主语,如:
When to hold the meeting
has not yet been decided.
何时开会还没有定下来。
Where to live is a problem.
住哪里是个问题。
⑵当宾语,如:
We must know what to say at a meeting.
我们必须知道在会上说些什么。
He could not tell whom to trust.
他无法分辨该信任谁。
⑶当表语,如:
The problem is where to find the
financial aid.
问题是到哪找到财政援助。
⑷当名词同位语,如:
Tom had no idea which book to read
first.
汤姆不知道先读哪本书。
⑸当宾语补足语,如:
Jim is not sure whose to choose.
吉姆不确定选择谁的。
Mary
and John are not certain whether to get married or
not.
玛丽和约翰不确定是否要结婚。
适用于
“
疑问词
+
不定式动词
”
的动词包括:
know, see, decide, tell, ask,
consider, discover, explain, forget, guess, hear,
imagine, inquire, learn,
remember,
think, wonder, understand
等。
有点
值得特别注意的是:当这结构当宾语时,它的作用等于名词分句,例如:
I could not decide which
dictionary to buy.
= I could not
decide which dictionary I should buy.
我不能决定买哪本字典。
Jack did not know where to find such a
good teacher.=
Jack did not know where
he could find such a good teacher.
杰克不知道到哪能找到这样一个好老师。
有些动词,如
ask,
show, tell, advise, inform, teach
等,可以先有
个宾语,然后才接着加上适
当的
“
疑问
词
+
不定式动词
”
结构。例如:
Have you told him where to
get the application form?
你告诉他哪里领申请表了吗?
2.
must
和
have
to
的用法。
区别
< br>1
:
must
多表示主观需要或
责任感的驱使有必要或有义务去做某事,多译为
“
必须
”
,而
have to
多表示客观存在的环境所限,即客观要求
(
无奈
)
而为之,多译为
“
不得不干
某事
”
。
例:
I must clean the room
because it is too
dirty.
(无人强迫)
因为太脏了,我必须要打扫房间。
We must be there on
time.
(责任感的驱使)我们一定准时到达。
I have to do my homework
now.
(不得不做)
我现在不得不做作业。
I have
to leave school because my family is poor now.
因为家里穷了,我不得不退学。
区别
2
:
must
没有时态的变化,而
have
to
有时态的变化。例:
Daming was hurt. The doctor said he had
to stay in hospital for about two weeks. His
father has to
go to take care of him.
大明受伤了。医生说他大概得住院两周,他的父亲得去照顾他。
We don’t have to go to school on
Sundays.
星期天我们不必上学。
< br>区别
3
:
must
的否定为
mustn’t
,多表示
< br>“
禁令
”
。
例:
No! You
must
n’t turn left! You must turn right
into The Strand.
不!你不能向左转!你应
该向右转进入到
strand
中。
<
/p>
由
must
引起的疑问句,
肯定回答要用
must
或
h
ave to
,
否定回答要用
need
n’t
或
don’t have to
,
意思是
“
不必
”
;此用法在中考中的单选题中容易出现!
例:
1
)
—Must I
finish my homework before eight
o’clock?—
Yes, you must.
我必须要
在
8
点之前完成作业吗?是的,必须。
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