最高人民法院关于审理买卖合同纠纷案适用法律问题的解释中英文

航空器、

机动车等特殊动产订立多重买卖合同，

在买卖合同均有效的情况下，

买受人均要求实际履行合同的，应当按照以下情形分别处理 ：

（一 ）先行受领交付的买受人请求出卖人履行办理所有权转移登记手续等合同义务的，人民法院应予

< br>支持；

< br>（二）均未受领交付，先行办理所有权转移登记手续的买受人请求出卖人履行交付标的物等合同义务

的，人民法院应予支持；

（三）均未受领交付，也未办理所有权转移登记手续，依法成 立在先合同的买受人请求出卖人履行交

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付标的物和办理所有权转移登记 手续等合同义务的，人民法院应予支持；

（四）出卖人将标的物交付给买受人之一，又为其他买受人办 理所有权转移登记，已受领交付的买受

人请求将标的物所有权登记在自己名下的，人民法 院应予支持。

Article 10 Where the seller concludes several sales contracts for the same special personal

property such as a ship, aircraft or motor vehicle, and the buyers all demand the actual

performance of the contracts and all the sales contracts are valid, the people’s court shall

handle the matter differently according to the following circumstances:

(1) where the buyer first to take delivery requests that the seller perform contractual obligations

including the handling of formalities for transferring and registering ownership, the people’s

court shall support such requests;

(2) where no buyer takes delivery, and the buyer that has handled the formalities for

transferring and registering ownership in advance requests that the seller perform contractual

obligations including the delivery of the subject matter, the people’s court shall support such

requests;

(3) where no buyer takes delivery of the subject matter or handles the formalities for

transferring and registering ownership, if the buyer that has first formed the contract in

accordance with law requests that the seller perform contractual obligations including the

delivery of the subject matter and the handling of formalities for transferring and registering

ownership, the people’s court shall support such requests; or

(4) where the seller delivers the subject matter to one of the buyers and handles the formalities

for registering ownership for another buyer, if the buyer that has taken delivery of the subject

matter requests registration of ownership of the subject matter under its name, the people’s

court shall support such requests.

二、

标的物风险负担

II. Assumption of Risk for the Subject Matter

第十一条

担，按照合同法第一百四十五条的规定处理。

Article 11 The words “if the subject matter needs to be transported,” as prescribed in item

(1) of paragraph 2 of Article 141 of the Contract Law, refer to circumstances where the seller is

responsible for handling the formalities for consignment of the subject matter and the carrier is

a forwarder that is independent from the parties to the sales contract. The assumption of risk

for damage to or loss of the subject matter shall be subject to Article 145 of the Contract Law.

第十二条

出卖人根据合同约定将标的物运送至买受人指定地点并交付给承运人后，标的物毁损、灭

失的风险由买受人负担，但当事人另有约定的除外。

Article 12 After the seller transports the subject matter to the place designated by the buyer

and delivers it to the carrier as agreed upon in the contract, risks of damage to or loss of the

subject matter shall be assumed by the buyer, except as otherwise agreed upon by the parties.

第十三条

出卖人出卖交由承运人运输 的在途标的物，在合同成立时知道或者应当知道标的物已经毁

损、灭失却未告知买受人， 买受人主张出卖人负担标的物毁损、灭失的风险的，人民法院应予支持。

Article

13

Where

the

seller

sells

subject

matter

that

has

been

delivered

to

a

carrier

for

transport and it is in transit, and the seller knows or should have known that the subject matter

has been damaged or lost at the time of the formation of the contract but fails to inform the

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buyer, if the buyer claims that the seller assumes risk of damage to or loss of the subject matter,

the

people’s court shall support such claims.

第十四条

当事人对风险负担没有约定 ，标的物为种类物，出卖人未以装运单据、加盖标记、通知买

受人等可识别的方式清楚地 将标的物特定于买卖合同，买受人主张不负担标的物毁损、灭失的风险的，人

民法院应予 支持。

Article 14 Where the parties do not agree upon the assumption of risk, the subject matter is

a general product class, and the seller fails to clearly specify the subject matter of the sales

contract by recognizable means such as shipping documents, affixing marks, and notification of

the buyer, if the buyer claims that it does not assume risk of damage to or loss of the subject

matter, the people’s court shall support such claims.

三、

标的物检验

IV. Inspection of the Subject Matter

第十五条

买受人签收的送货单、

确认单等载明标的物数量、

型号、

规格的，人民法院 应当根据合同法第一百五十七条的规定，认定买受人已对数量和外观瑕疵进行了检验，

但 有相反证据足以推翻的除外。

Article 15 Where the parties have not agreed upon the inspection period for the subject matter,

and

the

delivery

notes

and

confirmation

forms

indicating

the

quantity,

model,

and

specifications of the subject matter

have been signed by the buyer, the people’s court shall,

according

to

Article

157

of

the

Contract

Law,

determine

that

the

buyer

has

inspected

for

quantity

and

external

defects,

unless

such

determination

can

be

invalidated

by

sufficient

evidence to the contrary.

第十六条

出卖人依照买受人的指示向第三人交付标的物，出卖人和买受人之间约定的检验标准与买受人

和第三人之间约定的检验标准不一致的，人民法院应当根据合同法第六十四条的规定，以 出卖人和买受人

之间约定的检验标准为标的物的检验标准。

Article 16 Where the seller delivers the subject matter to a third party as instructed by the buyer,

and the inspection standards agreed upon between the seller and the buyer are inconsistent

with

those

agreed

upon

between

the

buyer

and

the

third

party,

the

people’s

court

shall,

according to Article 64 of the Contract Law, determine the inspection standards agreed upon

between the seller and the buyer to be the inspection standards for the subject matter.

第十七条

人民法院具体认定合同法第 一百五十八条第二款规定的“合理期间”时，应当综合当事人之间

的交易性质、交易目的 、交易方式、交易习惯、标的物的种类、数量、性质、安装和使用情况、瑕疵的性

质、买 受人应尽的合理注意义务、检验方法和难易程度、买受人或者检验人所处的具体环境、自身技能以

及其他合理因素，依据诚实信用原则进行判断。

合同法第一百五十八条第二款规定的“两年”是最长的合理期 间。该期间为不变期间，不适用诉讼时

效中止、中断或者延长的规定。

< br>

Article 17 When determining the

of

the

Contract

Law,

the

people’s

court

shall

comprehensively

take

into

account

the

transaction nature, purpose, methods, and customary business practice between the parties,

the

category,

quantity

and

nature

of

the

subject

matter,

the

circumstances

regarding

installation and use, the nature of any defects, the duty of reasonable care to be assumed by the

buyer, the inspection methods and their degree of difficulty, the specific environment at the

location of the buyer or inspector and their own skills as well as other reasonable factors, and

make a judgment based on the principle of good faith.

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“Two years” as prescribed in paragraph 2 of Arti

cle 158 of the Contract Law is the longest

reasonable period. This period is a non-variable period and does not apply to provisions on the

suspension, interruption or extension of the statute of limitations.

第十八条

约定的检验期间过短，依照标的物的性质和交易习惯，买受人在检验期间内难以完成全面 检验

的，人民法院应当认定该期间为买受人对外观瑕疵提出异议的期间，并根据本解释第 十七条第一款的规定

确定买受人对隐蔽瑕疵提出异议的合理期间。

约定的检验期间或者质量保证 期间短于法律、行政法规规定的检验期间或者质量保证期间的，人民法

院应当以法律、行 政法规规定的检验期间或者质量保证期间为准。

Article 18 Where the inspection period agreed upon is too short, if according to the nature of the

subject matter and the customary business practice, the buyer cannot complete full inspection

within the inspection period, the people’s court shall determine that such an inspection period

is

the

period

during

which

the

buyer

can

raise

an

objection

to

external

defects

and

shall,

according to the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 17 of this Interpretation, determine the

reasonable period during which the buyer can raise an objection to latent defects.

Where the inspection period agreed upon or the quality guarantee period is shorter than that as

prescribed in laws and administrative regulations, the people’s court shall determine that the

inspection

period

or

quality

guarantee

period

is

subject

to

such

provisions

of

laws

and

administrative regulations.

第十九条

买受人在合理期间内提出异 议，出卖人以买受人已经支付价款、确认欠款数额、使用标的物等

为由，主张买受人放弃 异议的，人民法院不予支持，但当事人另有约定的除外。

Article 19 Where the buyer raises an objection within the reasonable period, if the seller claims

that the buyer has waived

the objection on the grounds that

the

buyer

has

made payment,

confir

med the amount owed, or used the subject matter, the people’s court shall not support

such claims, except where the parties have agreed otherwise.

第二十条

< /p>

合同法第一百五十八条规定的检验期间、合理期间、两年期间经过后，买受人主张标的物的 数

量或者质量不符合约定的，人民法院不予支持。

出卖人自愿承担违约责任后，又以 上述期间经过为由翻悔的，人民法院不予支持。

Article

20

After

the

inspection

period,

the

reasonable

period,

and

the

two-year

period

as

prescribed in Article 158 of the Contract Law have passed, where the buyer claims that the

quantity or quality of the subject matter does not comply with the contractual agreement, the

people’s court shall not support such claims.

After the seller voluntarily assumes liability for breach of contract, where the seller retracts the

assumption

of

liability

on

the

ground

that

the

time

periods

mentioned

in

the

preceding

paragraph have expired, the people’s court shall not support such a retraction.

四、

违约责任

IV. Liability for Breach of Contract

第二十一条

买受人依约保留部分价款作为质量保证金，出卖人在质量保证期间未及时解决质量问题而影< /p>

响标的物的价值或者使用效果，出卖人主张支付该部分价款的，人民法院不予支持。

Article 21 Where the buyer retains a portion of the contract price as a quality guarantee deposit

as

agreed

upon

in

the

contract,

and

the

seller

fails

to

resolve

quality

problems

in

a

timely

manner within the quality guarantee period, which affects the value or utility of the subject

matter, if the seller claims the payment of such portions of the contract price, the people’s

court shall not support such claims.

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第二十二条

买受人在检验期间、质量 保证期间、合理期间内提出质量异议，出卖人未按要求予以修理或

者因情况紧急，买受人 自行或者通过第三人修理标的物后，主张出卖人负担因此发生的合理费用的，人民

法院应 予支持。

Article 22 Where the buyer raises an objection regarding quality within the inspection period,

quality guarantee period, or reasonable period, if the seller fails to repair the subject matter as

demanded or, due to emergency the buyer repairs the subject matter itself or through a third

party,

and

the

buyer

claims

that

the

seller

is

to

assume

the

reasonable

expenses

incurred

thereby, the people’s court shall support such claims.

第二十三条

标的物质量不符合约定， 买受人依照合同法第一百一十一条的规定要求减少价款的，人民法

院应予支持。当事人主 张以符合约定的标的物和实际交付的标的物按交付时的市场价值计算差价的，人民

法院应 予支持。

价款已经支付，买受人主张返还减价后多出部分价款的，人民法院应予支持。

Article

23

Where

the

quality

of

the

subject

matter

does

not

comply

with

the

contractual

provisions, if the buyer claims a reduction of price according to Article 111 of the Contract Law,

the people’s court shall support such claims. Where the parties claim that the price difference

is to be calculated according to the market value, at the time of delivery, of the subject matter

that would comply with the contractual agreement as compared to the subject matter that was

actually delivered, the people’s court shall support such claims.

After payment is made, where the buyer claims that the excess price after reduction should be

returned, the people’s court shall support such claims.

第二十四条

买卖合同对付款期限作出的变更，不影响当事人关于逾期付款违约金的约定，但该违约金的

起算点应当随之变更。

买卖合同约定逾期付款违约金，买受人以出卖人接受价款时未 主张逾期付款违约金为由拒绝支付该违

约金的，人民法院不予支持。

买卖合同约定逾期付款违约 金，但对账单、还款协议等未涉及逾期付款责任，出卖人根据对账单、还

款协议等主张欠 款时请求买受人依约支付逾期付款违约金的，人民法院应予支持，但对账单、还款协议等

明确载有本金及逾期付款利息数额或者已经变更买卖合同中关于本金、利息等约定内容的除外。

< br>

买卖合同没有约定逾期付 款违约金或者该违约金的计算方法，出卖人以买受人违约为由主张赔偿逾期

付款损失的， 人民法院可以中国人民银行同期同类人民币贷款基准利率为基础，参照逾期罚息利率标准计

算。

Article 24 A change of the payment period in a sales contract does not affect liquidated damages

for late payment agreed upon by the parties; however, the accounting of time for such liquidated

damages shall be changed accordingly.

Where liquidated damages for late payment have been agreed upon in a sales contract, but the

seller refuses to pay the liquidated damages on the ground that the seller did not claim the

liquidated damages for late payment when accepting payment, the people’s court shall not

support such refusals.

Where liquidated damages

for

late payment have been agreed upon

in

a sales contract,

but

there is no reference to duties regarding late payment in the account statement or repayment

agreement,

if

the

seller

requests

that

the

buyer

pay

liquidated

damages

for

late

payment

according to the contractual provisions when the seller claims the amount owed on the basis of

the

account

statement

or

repayment

agreement,

the

people’s

court

shall

support

such

a

request,

unless

the

principal

and

the

amount

of

interest

accrued

from

late

payment

are

expressly stated in the statement or repayment agreement, or the details agreed upon regarding

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