2020年考研英语二真题及答案(完美打印版)

2020

年考研英语二真题及答案

(

)

2020

年全国硕士研究生入学统

-

考试英语（二）试题

Section I Use or English

Directions

：

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered

blank and mark A. B. C or D on the

ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Being a good parent is what every parent would like to be. But defining what it

means

to

be

a

good

parent

is

undoubtedly

very

1

particularly

since

children

respond differently lo the same style of parenting. A calm rule- following child might

respond better to a different sort of parenting than

2

a younger one.

3, there's another sort of parent that's easier to

4

; a parent. Children of every

age benefit from patient parenting. Still ,

5

. every parent would like to be patient,

this is no easy

6

. sometimes, parents gel exhausted and are unable to maintain a

7

style with their kids. 1 understand this.

You're only human, and sometimes your kids can

8

you just a little too far. And

then the

9

happens: You lose your patience and either scream al your kids or say

something that was

too

10

and does nobody

any

good. You wish that

you

could

11

the clock and start over. We've all been there.

12

even though it's common, it's vital to keep in mind that in a single moment of

fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may

13

for a long time. This

may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also

14

your child's

self-esteem.

If you consistently lose your

15

with your kids, then you are modeling a lack

of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the

16

of modeling patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all

throughout life. In fact, the ability to maintain emotional control when

17

by stress

is one of the most significant of all life's skills.

2020

年考研英语 二真题及答案

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Certainly,

it's

18

lo

maintain

patience

at

all

times

with

your

kids.

A

more

practical

goal

is

to

try

to

be

as

calm

as

you

can

when

faced

with

19

situations

involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward ibis goal,

you and your children will benefit and

20

from stressful

moments feeling better physically and emotionally.

1.[A]

pleasant

[B]tricky

2. [A] at once

3.[A]

Fortunately

4. [A] amuse

5. [A] once

6. [A] choice

7.[A] formal

8.[A] move

9.[A]

inevitable

10.[A] boring

11.[A] turn back

12.[A]

Overall

13.[A] believe

14. [A] justify

15.[A]bond

16.[A] nature

17.[A] confronted

18.[A] strange

19.[A]

exciting

20. [A] withdraw

[B] tolerant

[B]send

[B] illogical

[B] harsh

[B] take apart

[B] Instead

[B] regret

[B] raise

[B]time

[B]secret

[B]defeated

[B]terrible

[B]trying

[B]hide

[C] rigid

[C]drag

[C] mysterious

|C] naive

[C] set aside

[C] otherwise

[C] miss

[C] affect

[C]race

[C]context

[C]cheated

[C] hard

[C]Surprising

[C]emerge

[D] critical

[D] push

[D] suspicious

[D] vague

[D] cover up

[D]However

[D] like

[D] reflect

[D]cool

(D] importance

(D] confused

[D] wrong

[D] changing

[D]escape

[B]in addition

(B] Occasionally

[B] train

[B] because

|B] answer

[C] tedious

[C] for example

[C] Accordingly

[C] assist

[C] unless

[C] task

[D] instructive

[D] by accident

[D]Eventually

[D] describe

[D| while

[D] access

Part A

Section II Reading Comprehension

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by

choosing /X.B.C

or D. Mark your answers on the

ANSWER SHEET.

(40 points)

2020

年考研英语 二真题及答案

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Text 1

Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so

that can identify friends

to cooperate with and

enemies to avoid. To find out if this

extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego,

and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.

They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social and one asocial

-for 5 our days.

The robots rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer

mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.

During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played

with the same toys, and opened caged doors to lei trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the

asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side

Next the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity

to release them by pressing a lever. Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent

more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests

that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. They may have bonded

more with the social robot because it displayed behaviors like communal exploring and

playing. This

could

lead

lo

the

rats

better

remembering

having

freed

it

earlier,

and

wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn.

The

readiness

of

the

rats

lo

befriend

the

social

robot

was

surprising

given

its

minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled

a

simple

plastic box on wheels.

features, and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat. but that wasn't necessary,

says Janet Wiles at

the

University

of Queensland in Australia, who helped with

the

research.

The finding shows how sensitive rats arc to social cues, even when they come from

basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even

when they display only simple social signals.

robots, and it turns out other animals are too,

21.

[A]

Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can

.

pickup social signals from non-living rats

2020

年考研英语二真题及答案

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[B]

[C]

[D]

22.

[A]

[B]

[C]

[D]

23.

distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one

attain sociable trails through special training

send out warning messages to their fellow

What did the social robot do during the experiment?

Il followed the social robot

It played with some toys.

It set the trapped rats free.

It moved around alone.

According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they

.

[A] tried to practice a means of escape] expected it to do the same in return

[C]

[D]

24.

wanted to display their intelligence

considered that an interesting game

James Wiles notes that rats

.

[A] can remember other rat's facial features

[B]differentiate smells better than sizes

[C]respond more to cations than to looks

[D]can be scared by a plastic box on wheels

can be learned from the text that rats

.

[A]appear to be adaptable to new surroundings

[B]are more socially active than other animals

[C]behave differently from children in socializing

[D]are more sensitive to social cues than expected

Text 2

It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical

2020

年考研英语二真题及答案

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workers

on

average,

and

since

the

mid-1970s

CEO

pay

for

large

publicly

traded

American corporations has. by varying estimates, gone up by about 500%. The typical

CEO of a top American corporation now makes about S18.9 million a year.

The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO

talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly.

The

efforts

of America's

highest-earning

1%

have

been

one

of

the

more

dynamic

elements of the global economy. It's not popular to say, but one reason their pay has

gone up so much is that CEOs really

have upped their game relative to many other

worker; in the U.S. economy.

Today's CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many mere skills than

simply being able to

markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them. They also need better

public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slip up can

be

significant.

Then

there's

the

fact

that

large American

companies

are

much

more

globalized

than

ever

before,

with

supply

chains

spread

across

a

larger

number

of

countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling plus,

virtually all major American companies are beyond this major CEOs still have to do all

the day-to-day work they have always done.

The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn't

explain history very well. By most measures, corporate governance has become a lot

tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s. Yet it is principally during

this period of

stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising. That suggests it is in the

broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.

Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid lo outside candidates, not to the

cozy insider picks, another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at

the expense of the rest of the company. And the stock market reacts positively when

companies

tie

CEO

pay

to,

say.

stock

prices,

a

sign

that

those

practices

build

up

corporate value not just for the CEO.

26.

[A]

[B]

Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?

The growth in the number of corporations

The general pay rise with a belter economy

2020

年考研英语二真题及答案

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[C]

[D]

27.

[A]

[B]

[C]

[D]

28.

[A]

[B]

[C]

[D]

29.

[A]

[B]

[C]

[D]

30.

[A]

[B]

[C]

[D]

Increased business opportunities for top firms

Close cooperation among leading economies

Compared with their predecessors, today's CEOs are required to

.

foster a stronger sense of teamwork

finance more research and development

establish closer ties with tech companies

operate more globalized companies

CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite

.

continual internal opposition

strict corporate governance

conservative business strategies

Repeated government warnings

High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps

..

confirm the status of CEOs

motivate inside candidates

boost the efficiency of CEOs

increase corporate value

The most suitable title for this text would be

.

CEOs Are Not Overpaid

CEO Pay: Past and Present

CEOs' challenges of Today

CEO Traits: Not Easy to Define

Text 3

Madrid

was

hailed

as

a

public

health

beacon

last

November

when

it

rolled

out

ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars. Seven months and one election day

2020

年考研英语二真题及答案

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later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone, a

first step toward its possible demise.

Mayor Jose Luis Martinez- Almeida made opposition to the zone a centerpiece of

his election campaign, despite its success in improving air quality. A judge has now

overruled the city's decision to stop levying fines, ordering them reinstated. Bui with

legal battles ahead, the zone's future looks uncertain at best.

Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty

air on their own are politically contentious, and therefore vulnerable. That's

because

they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers-who must pay

tees or buy better vehicles-rat her than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is

the real cause of our toxic pollution.

It's not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London. The new ultra-low

emission zone (Ulez) is likely to be a big issue in next year's mayoral election. And if

Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he

intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists

who will then be affected.

It's not that measures such as London's Ulez arc useless. Far from iL Local officials

are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents' health in the face

of a serious threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality, and the

science

tells

us

that

means

real

health

benefits

-fewer

heart

attacks,

strokes

and

premature births, less cancer, dementia and asthma. Fewer untimely deaths.

But mayors and councilors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger

than any one city or town.

They

are

acting

because

national

governments- Brilliant’s

and

others

across

Europe-have failed to do so.

2020

年考研英语二 真题及答案

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Restrictions

that

keep

highly

polluting

cars

out

of

certain

areas

-city

centers,

to

properly

enforce

existing

regulations

and

require

auto

companies

to

bring

their

vehicles into compliance. Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimize

pollution. We' re doing even-thing but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.

31.

[A]

[B]

[C]

[D]

32.

[A]

[B]

[C]

[D]

33.

[A]

[B]

[C]

[D]

34.

[A]

[B]

[C]

[D]

Which of the following is true about Madrid's clean air zone?

Its effects are questionable

It has been opposed by a judge

It needs tougher enforcement

Its fate is yet to be decided

Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?

They are biased against car manufacturers.

They prove impractical for city councils.

They are deemed too mild for politicians.

They put too much burden on individual motorists.

The author believes that the extension of London's Ulez will

.

arouse strong resistance.

ensure Khan's electoral success.

improve the city's traffic.

discourage car manufacturing.

Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?

Local residents

Mayors.

Councilors.

National governments.

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35.

[A]

[B]

Il can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies

.

will raise low- emission car production

should be forced to follow regulations [CJ will upgrade the design of their

vehicles [D] should be put under public supervision

Text 4

Now that members of Generation

Z are graduating college this

spring-the most

commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after 1995. give or take a

year-the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks. GenZs are about to hit the

streets looking for work in a labor market that's lighter than it's been in decades. And

employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the

U.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Association of

Colleges

and

Employers.

Everybody

wants

to

know

how

the

people

who

will

soon

inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.

If

the most

common adjective, fairly

or not,

applied lo millennials

(those born between 1981 and 1995), the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and

cautious. According to the career counselors and experts who study them, Generation

Zs are clear-eyed, economic pragmatists. Despite graduating into the best economy in

the past 50 years. Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like. They were

impressionable kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their parents lost their jobs

or their life savings or both. They aren't interested in taking any chances. The boom

economy seems

to

have done little to

assuage this

underlying

generational

sense of

anxious urgency especially for those who have college debt, College loan balances in

the U.S. now stand at a record

＄

l. 5 trillion, according to the Federal Reserve.

One survey from Accenture found that 8 percent of graduating seniors this year

chose their major with a job in mind. In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia students,