凤凰教育网2012考研英语真题答案——英语一阅读理解答案详解(凤凰教育网版)

中南大学在职研究生广东学习中心

凤凰教育网

2012

考研英语真题答案——英语一阅读理解答案详解（凤凰教育网版）

Section I Use of English

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.

Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1

Come on

–Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what

most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good- drinking,

drugs

and

casual

sex.

But

in

her

new

book

Join

the

Club,

Tina

Rosenberg

contends

that

peer

pressure

can

also

be

a

positive

force

through

what

she

calls

the

social

cure,

in

which

organizations

and

officials

use

the

power

of

group

dynamics

to

help

individuals

improve

their

lives and possibly the word.

Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In

South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to

make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits

young people to promote safe sex among their peers.

The idea seems promising

，

and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness

of many pubic-health campaigns is spot- on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits,

and

they

demonstrate

a

seriously

flawed

understanding

of

psycho

logy.”

Dare

to

be

different,

please

don’t

smoke!”

pleads

one

billboard

campaign

aimed

at

reducing

smoking

among

teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that

public-health

advocates

ought

to

take

a

page

from

advertisers,

so

skilled

at

applying

peer

pressure.

But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is

filled

with

too

much

irrelevant

detail

and

not

enough

exploration

of

the

social

and

biological

factor

s

that

make

peer

pressure

so

powerful.

The

most

glaring

flaw

of

the

social

cure

as

it’s

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presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once

state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and

mixed.

There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging

body

of

research

shows

that

positive

health

habits-as

well

as

negative

ones-spread

through

networks

of

friends

via

social

communication.

This

is

a

subtle

form

of

peer

pressure:

we

unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.

Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups

and

steer

their

activities

in

virtuous

directions.

I

t’s

like

the

teacher

who

breaks

up

the

troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never

really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real

world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.

21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as

[A] a supplement to the social cure

[B] a stimulus to group dynamics

[C] an obstacle to school progress

[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors

参考答案：

D

解题思路：题干主题是

peer

pressure

→

替换词对应

often

和

u sually

→

drugs

确定答案应

该含有否定成分

→

只有

D< /p>

含有否定成分。

小小窍门：添加前缀的复合词多为正确选项。

22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should

[A] recruit professional advertisers

*B+ learn from advertisers’ experience

[C] stay away from commercial advertisers

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[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements

参考答案：

B

解题思路：

题干主题是

public advocates

→

替换词对应

holds

和

argues, ought to

和

should

→

skilled

是对

take a page

的进一步解释，确定答案应该与技能有关

→

B

是学习经验很贴切。

23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to

[A] adequately probe social and biological factors

[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure

[C] illustrate the functions of state funding

[D]produce a long-lasting social effect

参考答案：

A

解题思路：

题干主题是

fails to

→

替换词对应

adequately

和

not enough, probe

和

exploration

→

毫无疑问正确答案就是

。

小小窍门：同义或相近替换词选项多为正确答案。

24. Paragraph 5 shows that our imitation of behaviors

[A] is harmful to our networks of friends

[B] will mislead behavioral studies

[C] occurs without our realizing it

[D] can produce negative health habits

参考答案：

C

解题思路：

题干主题是

imitation

→

替换词对应

unconsciously

和

without our realizing

→

毫

无疑问正确答案就是

A

< br>。

小小窍门：同义或相近替换词选项多为正确答案。

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25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is

[A] harmful

[B] desirable

[C] profound

[D] questionable

参考答案：

C

解题思路：

题干主题是

effect

→

从

far less certain

和

problem

< br>可以毫无疑问地确定答案就是

D

。

小小窍门：最后一题多为

tit le

题或主题，一般正确答案为“存在问题”

、

“危险状态”

、

“文

章中出现 最多的选项”

。

Text 2

A

deal

is

a

deal-except,

apparently

,when

Entergy

is

involved.

The

company,

a

major

energy

supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it

was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.

Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not challenge the

constitution

ality of Vermont’s rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its

Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running. It’s a stunning move.

The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought Vermont’s only nuclear

power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale,

the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012. In 2006, the

state

went

a

step

further,

requiring

that

any

extension

of

the

plant

’s

license

be

subject

to

Vermont legislature’s approval. Then, too, the company went along.

Either

Entergy

never

really

intended

to

live

by

those

commitments,

or

it

simply

didn’t

foresee

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what would happen next. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in

207

and

the

discovery

of

an

underground

pipe

system

leakage,

raised

serious

questions

about

both

Vermont

Yankee’s

safety

and

Entergy’s

management–

especially

after

the

company

made

misleading statements about the pipe. Enrag

ed by Entergy’s behavior, the Vermont Senate voted

26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.

Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006

legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. The

legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have

some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say that Vermont case will offer a

precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. Certainly, there are valid concerns about

the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. But had Entergy kept

its word, that debate would be beside the point.

The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that

it

has

nothing

left

to

lose

by

going

to

war

with

the

state.

But

there

should

be

consequences.

Permission to run a nuclear plant is a public trust. Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United

States, including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company

has

applied

for

federal

permission

to

keep

it

open

for

another

20

years.

But

as

the

Nuclear

Regulatory

Commission

(NRC)

reviews

the

company’s

application,

it

should

keep

it

mind

what

promises from Entergy are worth.

26. The phrase “reneging on”(Line .1) is closest in meaning to

[A] condemning.

[B] reaffirming.

[C] dishonoring.

[D] securing.

参考答案：

C

解题思路：把四个选项放入

a longstanding commitment

前面

→

只有

C< /p>

合乎逻辑。

小小窍门：添加前缀的复合词多为正确选项。

27. By entering into the 2002 agreement, Entergy intended to

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[A] obtain protection from Vermont regulators.

[B] seek favor from the federal legislature.

[C] acquire an extension of its business license .

[D] get permission to purchase a power plant.

参考答案：

D

解题思路：题干主题是

2002

→< /p>

purchase

替换词对应

bough t

→选

D

比较合适。

28. According to Paragraph 4, Entergy seems to have problems with its

[A] managerial practices.

[B] technical innovativeness.

[C] financial goals.

[D] business vision

参考答案：

A

解题思路：题干主题是

problems

→替换词对应

questions

→ 只有

A

中

managerial

与第四段

management

对应。

29. In the author’s view, the Vermont case will test

*A+ Entergy’s capacity to fulfill all its promises.

*B+ the mature of states’ patchwork regulations.

[C] the federal authority over nuclear issues .

*D+ the limits of states’ power over nuclear issues.

参考答案：

D

解题思路：题干主题是

the Vermont case will test

→文中

how far

< br>对应

limits

，并且其他选项

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