-
一、
A Working Community
5
、
None of us,
mind you, was born into these communities. Nor did
we move into them, U-Hauling our possessions along
with us. None has papers
to prove we
are card-carrying members of one such group or
another. Y
et it seems that more and
more of us are identified by work these days,
rather
than by street.
值得一提的是
，我们没有谁一出生就属于这些社区，也不是后来我们搬了进来。这些身份是我们随身携带的，没有人可以拿
出文件证明我们是这个或那个群体的会员卡持有者。然而，不知不觉中人们的身份更倾向于各
自所从事的工作，而不是像以往一样由家庭
住址来界定。
6
、
In the past,
most Americans live
in neighborhoods.
We were members of precincts or parishes or school
districts. My dictionary still defines
communtiy, first of all in geographic
terms, as ―a body of people who live in one place.
‖
过去大多数彼邻而居的美国人彼此是同一个街区、教区、
校区
的成员。今天的词典依然首先从地理的角度来定义社区，称之为
―
一个由居住在同一地方的人组成的群体
‖
。
< br>
7
、
But today
f
ewer of us do our living in that one
place; more of us just use it for sleeping. Now we
call our towns ―bedroom suburbs,‖ and
many of
us, without small children as
icebreakers, would have trouble naming all the
people on our street.
然而，如今的情况是居住和工作都在同一
个地方
的人极少，对更多的人来说家成了一个仅仅用来睡觉的地方。我们的居住地被叫做
―
近郊居住区
‖
，由于没有了孩子像过去那样起到沟通邻
里关系的作用，许多人感到要叫出跟我们同住
一条街的所有人的名字是件极不容易的事。
8
、
It‘s not that
we are more isolated today. It‘s that many of us
have transferred a chunk of our friendships, a
major portion o
f our everyday social
lives, from home to office. As more of
our neighbors work away from home, the workplace
becomes our neighborhood.
这不是说我们今天被分得
更开了，而是好多人已经部分的友谊和大部分的日常社交生活从家里转移到了办文室。随着越来
越多的人走出家门去工作，工作的地方就
变成了我们的街区。
9
、
The
kaffeeklatsch of the fifties is the coffee break
of the water cooler, the hall, the elevator, and
the parking lot are the back fences of
these neighborhoods. The people we have
lunch with day after day are those who know the
running saga of our mother‘s operations, our
child‘s math
grades, our frozen pipes,
and faulty transmissions.50
年代的下午茶成了
80
年代的喝咖啡的工间休息。工作地的饮水冷却机、大厅、电梯、停<
/p>
车场是新社区的后院篱笆墙。天天和我们共进午餐的人是给我们的母亲动手术的医生、孩子
的数学老师、管道工、汽车修理工等。
10
、
We may be
strangers at the supermarket that replaced the
corner grocer, but we are known at the coffee shop
in the lobby. We
share with each
other a cast of
characters
from the boss in the corner office to the crazy
lady in Shipping, to the lovers in Marketing. It‘s
not surprising
that when
researchers ask Americans what they
like best about work,they say it is ―the shmoose
factor.‖ When they ask young mother
s at
home what they miss
most about work, it
is the people.
人们曾经在杂货店的超市里可能是陌生人，但是却极可能
在公司大厅的咖啡间里相识。我们谈论一些人物，
从街头办文室的老板，到运输部中的疯
女人，到营销部的情人们。难怪当研究者问及美国人关于工作他们最喜欢什么的时候，他们的回答
是
―
和同事悠闲自在地闲扯
‖
，当询问在家里做全职母亲的年轻妇女对工作最怀念什么时，她们说是工作中所接触过的
人。
11
、
Not
all
the
neighborhoods
are
empty,
nor
is
every
workplace
a
friendly
playground.
Most
of
us
have
had
mixed
experiences
in
these
environments.
Y
et as one woman told me recently, she
knows more about the people she passes on the way
to her desk than on her way around the
block. Our new sense of community
hasn‘t just moved from house to office
bu
ilding. The labels that we wear
connect us with members from distant
companies, cities, and states. We
assume that we have something ―in common‖ with
other teachers, nurses, city planners.
不
是所有的住宅区都是空
的，也不是所有的工作单位都是友好的。多数人在这些环境里都曾
有过复杂的经历。然而，最近一位女性朋友告诉我她对工作单位里的人
的了解程度要胜于
对同一街区人的了解程度。我们不仅把社区的概念从住宅区搬进了办公楼，上班时身上所佩戴的标志也把我们和异
国他
乡的人们和公司员工联系在一起。我们假设自己和其他的教师、护士、城市规划者有
着某些共同点。
12
、
It‘s not
unlike the experience of our immigrant
grandparents. Many who came t
o this
country still identified themselves as members of
the Italian
community, the Irish
communtiy, the Polish community. They sought out
and assumes connection with people from the old
country, Many of us have
updated that
experience.
We have replaced
ethnic identity with professional
identity, the way we replaced neighborhood with
the workplace. This
whole realignment
of community is surely most obvious among the
mobile professions. People who move from city to
city seem to put roots into
their
professions. In an age of specialists, they may
have to search harder to find people who speak the
same language.
这有点像最初移民来到美国
的我
们的祖辈们的经历，许多人来到这里后把自己原来的国籍当成一个社区，所以有意大利人社区、爱尔兰人社区、波
兰社区等。他们不
断寻找并设想自己与来自同一个国家的人们有着亲密的联系。我们把这
种体验提升了一步。像用工作单位取代居住地一样，我们用专业身
份取代了种族身份。这
种社区的完全重组在流动作业的行业中表现得最为明显，那些在不同城市变换工作的人似乎把自己的身份植根于他
们的行业中。在这个充满专业人士的时代，他们不得不费尽周折去寻找有共同语言的人。
13
、
I
don‘t think that there is anything massively
disruptive about this shifting sense of community.
The continuing search for c
onnection
and shared
enterprise is very human.
But I do feel uncomfortable with our shifting
identity. The balance has tipped, and we seem
increasingly dependent on
work for our
sense of self.
我并不认为这种社区概念的变迁会造成大面积的混乱，这
种对联系和共同理想的不断追寻充满了人性。但我对我
们不断变化的身份确实感到不安。
身份意识的天平似乎已经日渐倾斜到工作决定身份这边。
14
、
If our office
are our new neighborhoods, if our professional
titles are our new ethnic tags, then how do we
separate ourselves from our jobs?
Selfworth isn‘t just something to
measure in the marketplace. But in these new
communities, it becomes harder to tell who we
are without saying
what we d
o.
如果办公室真的彻底变成我们的社区，如果我们的所从事的行业真的彻底变成我们的
种族印记，那我们怎样才能把自己和工作
区分开来呢？自我价值并不是只有在市场环境中
得到体现的。但是在这些新的社区中，如果不先说明我们是从事哪行哪业的，就越来越难
以说清楚我们究竟是谁。
二、
The
Roots Of My Ambition
1
、
―If there‘s one
thing I can‘t stand, Russell, it‘s a quitter.‖
罗素，假如有一件事我不能容忍的话，那就是做轻易放弃的人。
2
、
My mother,dead
now to this world but still roaring free in my
mind, wakes me some mornings before
day
-
break. ―If there‘s one
thing I can‘t stand,
Russell, it‘s a qu
itter.‖
虽然她已离天人世，我母亲却依旧在我的脑子里大声嚷嚷，有时天还未破
晓她就催我起床，罗素，假如有一件事情我
不能容忍的话，那就是轻易放弃的人。
3
、
I have
heard her say that all my life. Now, Lying in bed,
coming awake in the dark, I feel the fury of her
energy fighting the good-for-nothing idler
within me who wants to go back to sleep
instead of tackling the brave new day.
我
一辈子都在听她讲这句话。
而今躺在床上，
在黑暗中睁开睡眼，
我就能感觉到她和那个一无是处，游手好闲的人对歭的那股凶劲儿，那个人就在我心中，
他宁可缩回被窝继续睡觉，她不愿意抓住新的美
好的一天。
4
、
Silenty, I
protest: I am not a child anymore. I have made
something of myself. I am entitled to sleep late.<
/p>
我在心里默默地抗议：
我不再是个孩子，
我已经做出了自己的成绩，有权晚点起床。
5
、
―Russell,
you‘ve got no more gumption than a bump on a log.‖
罗素，你完全没有进取心了，只想当个无所事事的懒汉。
6
、
She has hounded
me with these battle cries since I was a boy in
short pants.
自从我还是穿着短裤整天乱跑的小男孩起她就用这种战场上的
喊
叫来鞭策我。
7
、
―Make something
of yourself!‖
你一定得弄出个名堂来！
8
、
―Don‘t be a
quitter!‖
绝不要轻易放弃的人！
9
、
―Have a little
ambiton, Buddy.‖
伙伴，得有点儿抱负吧
10
、
The civilized
man of the world within me scoffs at
materialism
and strives after success.
He has read the philosophers and social critics.
He
thinks it is vulgar and unworthy to
spend one‘s life pursuing money, power, fame,
and……
在我心目中这个世界上真的文明人嘲笑物质主义者
和追名逐利的人。这种人饱读哲学大师和社会批评家的著作，他认为花费整个生命去追求金钱、权力、名誉是粗俗
而不值的
……
11
、
―Sometimes you
act like you‘re not worth the powder and shot it
would take to blow you up with.‖
母亲还对我说：
―
有时你的行业显得自己还
不如能置你
于死地的那点火药或一粒子弹值钱。
12
、
Life had been
hard for my mother ever since her father died,
leaving nothing but debts, The family house was
lost, the children scattered. My
mother‘s mother, fatally ill with
tubercular infection, fell into a suicide
depression and was institutionalized. My mother,
who had just started college,
had to quit and look for work.
。自从外公死后母亲一直过着艰辛的生活，除了一大堆债务外公啥也没有留下。家里的房子成了别人的。孩子
们四散各处。我那染上夺命结核病的外婆患了自杀抑郁症被送入医院。刚上大学的母亲不
得不辍学去找工作。
13
、
Then ,after
five years of marriage and three babies, her
husband died in 1930, leaving my mother so poor
that she had to give up her baby
A
udrey
for
adoption. Maybe the bravest thing she did was to
give up Audrey, only ten months old, to my Uncle
Tom and Aunt Goldie. Uncle Tom, one of my
father‘s brothers, had a good job with
the railroad and could give Audrey a comfortable l
ife.
后来母亲在结婚后
5
年内生下
连我在内
3
个孩子。但
是，
1930
年我爸爸离开了人世，母亲一贫如洗，不得不将最小的孩子奥德丽
送给别人收养。也许母亲做过的最勇敢的事就是让我叔叔汤姆
和婶婶葛黛收养了
10
个月大的奥德丽。叔叔汤姆是爸爸的亲兄弟，他在铁路上有一份好工
作，能够给奥德丽舒适的生活。
14
、
My mother
headed off to New Jersey with my other sister and
me to take shelter with with her brother Alen,
poor relatives dep
endent on his
good
ness. She eventually
found work pathching grocers‘smocks at ten dollars
a week in a laundry.
母亲带着我和另
一个妹妹直奔新泽西州暂时寄居在她哥哥阿伦家里，成了投奔我那好舅舅的穷亲戚。母亲后来总算在一家洗衣店找
到了一
份周薪
10
美元，修补杂货商穿
用的工作服的工作。
15
、
Mother would
have liked it better if I could have grown up to
be President or a rich businessman, but much as
she loved me, she did not deceive
herself. Before I was out of grade
school, she could see I lacked the gifts for
either making millions or winning the love of
crowds. After that she
began nudging me
toward working with words.
假如我现在是总统或者是富有
的商人，妈妈应该会更满意的。虽然母亲很爱我，但她并没有欺
骗自己。在我高中毕业之
时，她就意识到了我缺少那种日进斗金或博取群众爱戴的能力。从那以后她就开始把我往写作的道路上推。
16
、
Words
ran in her family. There seemed to be a word gene
that passed down from her maternal grandfather. He
was a school teacher, his daughter
Lulie
wrote
poetry,
and
his
son
Charlie
became
New
Y
ork
correspondent
for
the
Bltimore
Herald.
In
the
turn-of-the
–
century
South,
still
impoverished by the
Civil War, words were a way out.
母亲的家族有从
事写作的传统。从她的外公开始似乎就有一种语言基因代代相传。她的
外公是一位教师，
他的女儿露利是诗人，儿子查理后来成了《巴尔的摩先驱报》的通讯员。在世纪之交，南方还没有从因为内战而大
伤气
的状态下恢复过来，写作在当时是一条谋生之路。
17
、
The most
spectacular proof was my mother‘s first cousin
Edwin. He was a managing
editor of the
New Y
ork had traveled
all
over
Europe, proving that words could
take you to places so glorious and so far from the
V
irginia sticks that you own kon could
only gape in wonder and
envy. My mother
often used Edwin as an example of how far a man
could go without much talent.
最充分的证据要数我母
亲的一位表兄艾德文。
他
是《纽约时代周刊》的执行主编。他曾
经遍游欧洲，这证明文字可以将你带到那些远离弗吉尼亚边远山区无比美好的地方，令你的亲戚惊
讶而又嫉妒。母亲常以艾德文为例，告诉我一个不是很有才气的男人能走多远。
18
、
―Edwin James
was no smarter than anybody else, and look where
he is today,‖my mother said, and said again, so
than I finally
grew up thinking
Edwin James was adill clod who had a
lucky break. Maybe she felt didn‘t have to be
bri
lliant to get where Edwin had got
to, that the way to get to
the top was
to work, work, and work.
艾德文并不比任何一个孩子聪明，
看看他今天已经在哪了？母亲总是这样遍又一遍地对我说，以至于我
长大以后认为艾德文
·
詹姆士不过是碰上了好运气的平庸之辈。
也许母亲也是那样看待他的，
但她的话中应该有更深的含意。
她是在告诉我
不需要很聪明就能达到艾德文的高度，通往顶峰的路是努力、努力、再努
力。
19
、
When my mother
saw that I might have the word gift, she started
trying to make it grow. Thought desperately poor,
she signed up for a deal t
hat
supplied one volume of Worlds Greatest
Literature every month at 39 cents a book.
< br>当母亲看到我或多或少有些语言天赋的时候，
她就开始努力要
让这种天赋成长发挥出来，虽然家里穷得叮当响，她还是狠下心来给我订购了售价为
39
美分的月刊《世界最伟大的文学》
20
、
I respected
those great writers,but what I read with joy were
newpapers. I lapped up every word about monstrous
crimes, dreadful accidents and
hideous
butcheries committed in faraway wars. Accounts of
murderes dying in the electric chair fascinated
me, and I kept close track of fast meals
ordered
by
condemned
men.
我很仰
慕那些伟大的作家，但读起来使我最快乐的是报纸。我如饥似渴地读着报纸上关于犯罪、恐怖事件和发
生在遥远他乡的骇人听闻的杀戮。关于那些死在电梯上的杀手的报道令我入迷，我甚至对死刑犯订的 最后一顿快餐都特别留心。
21
、
In 1947 I
graduated from John Hopkins and learned
that the Baltimore Sun needed a police
reporter. Two or there classmates at Hopkins also
applied for the job. Why I was picked
was a mystery. It paid $$30 a week. When I
complained that was insulting for a college man,
my mother refused
to sympathize.1947
年，我从约翰
·
霍普金斯大学毕业时到了解到
《巴尔的摩太阳报》需要招募一名治安记者。另外有两三个霍普金斯的同班
同学也在争取这个职位，为什么最后我被录用了是谜。这份工作的薪水是
30
美金一星期。当我在母亲面前抱怨这样的待遇对一个大学毕
业生
来说是一种耻辱的时候，她拒绝给我同情。
22
、
―If you work
hard at this job,‖she said, ―maybe you can make
something of it. Then they‘ll have to give you a r
aise.‖
假如你在这个职位上好好
干，她说，也许你是会有
所作为的，到那时他们就不得不给你涨工资了
23
、
Seven years
later I was assigned by the Sun to cover the White
House. For most reporters, being White House
correspondent was
as close to
heaven as you could
get. I
was 29 years old and puffed up with pride. I
wen
t to see my mother‘s delight while
telling her
about it. I should have
known better.7
年之后，
我被
《巴尔的摩太阳报》
任命为驻白宫记者。
对于大多数记者而言，
成为驻白宫记者被看成是离上天只有一步之遥。
那时我
29
岁，踌躇满志。我回有对母亲讲自己
晋升的事想看到她高兴。但结果却出乎我的预料。
24
、
―Well,
Russ,‖she said, ―if you work hard at this White
House job, you
might be able
to make something of yourself.‖
嗯，罗素啊，母亲
说，假
如你把白宫记者当好了，你会有所作为的。
25
、
Onward
and
upward
was
the
course
she
set.
Small
progress
was
no
excuse
for
feeling
satisfied
with
yourself.
People
who
stopped
to pat
themselves on the back didn‘t last
long. Even if you got to the top, you ?d better
not take it easy. ―The bigger they come, the
harder they fall‖ was one
of
her
favorite
maxi
ms.
进取、进取、再进取，这是母亲给我设定的方向。小小的进步是不足以自我满足的
。那些因成功而沾沾自喜停下来
欣赏自己的人是不会持久的。即使你已经到达顶峰，你也
最好不要放松。爬得越高，摔得越痛，是母亲的至理名言。
26
、
During
my
early
years
in the
newspaper
business,
I
began
to
entertain
childish
fantasies
of
revenge
against
Cousin
Edwin.
Wouldn‘t
it
be
delightful
it
Ibecame
such
an
outstanding
reporter
that the
Times
hired
me
without
knowing
I
was
related
to
the
great
Edwin?
Wouldn‘t
i
t
be
delicious if Edwin
himself invited me
into his huge office
and said, ―Tell me something
about
yourself, youngman?‖
What
exqui
sist vengeance to
reply, ―I am the only son of your poor
cousin Lucy Elizabeth Robinson.‖
在我从事报业的
头几年，
我就不怀着幼稚的要报复地表兄艾德文的怪念
头。假如
我能成为非常杰出的记者，让《纽约时代周刊》在不知道我和艾德文关系的情况下雇用我，这难道不是件快乐无比
的事情吗？如
果艾德文将我请到他那宽敞的办公室，对我说：年轻人，能请你介绍一下自
己吗？我是你的穷表妹露西
·
伊丽莎白
·
罗宾逊唯一的儿子。这
回答是多么绝妙的复仇啊。
27
、
What
would one day happen was right out of my wildest
childhood fantasy. The TIMES did come knocking at
my door, though Cousin Edwin
had
departed by the time I arrived.
Eventually I would be offered one of
the
gaudiest prizes in American
journalism: a
column
in the
New Y
ork
Times.
后来
我的这种不着边际的少年狂想果真变成了现实。
《纽约时代周刊》真的派人敲开了我的家
门，尽管在我到达时，艾德文表兄已经
有事离开了，美国新闻界还是给予了我一个炫丽的
奖励
—
做《纽约时代周刊》的专栏作家。
28
、
It was not a
column meant to convey news, but a writer‘s column
commenting on the news by using different literary
forms: ess
ay devices, satire,
burlesque, sometimes even fiction. It
was proof that my mother had been
absolutely right when she sized me up
early in life and steered me toward
lit
erature.
那不是新闻报导专栏，而是一个用不同文学体裁评论新闻的专栏，如散
文、讽刺、夸张的模仿、有时甚至是小说。这一切证明母
亲早就看出是这块料并引导我走
文学之路是完全正确的。
29
、
The column won
its share of medals. Including
a Pulitezer Prize in 1979. My mother
never knew
about that. The circuitry of
her brain had
collapsed the year
before, and she was in a nursing home, out of
touch with life forevermore.
我负责的专栏后来赢得了
它该得到的所有奖项，
包括
1979
年
的普利策奖，但母亲却不得而知。她在前一年患了脑瘫住进疗养院，她从此与生活没有了接触。
< br>
30
、
I can only
guess how she‘d have responded to news of
Pulitzer. I‘m pretty sure she would have said,
―That‘s nice, Buddy. It shows if you buckle
down and work hard, you‘ll be able to
make something of yourself one of these days.‖
我只能去想象她得知我获得普利策奖的消息时的反应。她
肯定又会说：好
样的，伙计，这证明了只要你下定决心，埋头苦干，某一天你一定能有所成就。
31
、
In time there
would be an attack on the values my mother
preached and I have lived by. When the country
began to pull apart in the 1960s and
70s, people who admitted to wanting to
amount something were put down as materialists
idiotically wasting thei
r lives in the
―rat race.‖ The word
―gumption‖vanished
from the language.
母亲一直宣扬而且我一直遵循的价值观终于开始
遭到攻击。二十世纪六七十年代，这个国家的价值观
念开始分化。那些承认自己想要获得
成功的人被鄙视为在
―
激烈竞争
‖
的凡尘中愚蠢地浪费生命的物质主义者。
―
进取精神
‖
这个词开始从我
们的语言中
消失。
32
、
I tried at
first to roll with the new age. I decided not to
drive my children, as my mother had driven me,
with those corrupt old demands that they
amount to something.
我也努力按新时代
的标准行事，决心不再像母亲逼迫我那样逼迫自己的孩子们，不再用那些陈腐的苛求非要他们大有
作为。
33
、
The new age
exalted love, self-gratification and passive Asian
philosopies that aimed at helping people resign
themselves to the status quo. Much
of
this seemed preposterous to me, but I conceded
that my mother might have turned me into a coarse
materialist (one defect in her code was
its
emphasis on money and position ),so
I kept my heretical suspicions to myself.
新时代崇尚关系和自我满足，
崇尚消极的东方哲学要人安于现状的
< br>思想。这些思想对我来说显得荒谬，但是我也得承认也许母亲已经将我变成一个粗俗的物质主义者（她的信 条中的一个缺陷就是对金钱和
地位的强调）
，我在新时代一直对
自己怀着异教徒般的怀疑。
34
、
And then,
realizing I had failed to fire my own children
with ambition, I broke. One evening at dinner, I
heard myself shouti
ng, ―Don‘t
you want
to amount to someth
ing?‖
当意识到自己未能使孩子们充满抱负的时候，我心碎了。一天晚上在用餐的时
候，我听到自己大声吼道
：
―
你们难
道就不想有任何作为吗？
35
、
The children
looked blank. Amount to something. What a strange
expression. I could see their thought: That isn‘t
Dad yelling.
That was those
martins he had before dinner.
孩子们满脸疑惑：有所作为？这对他们来说是多么奇怪的字眼啊。我能够清楚地分辨他们想法：这不是爸爸的<
/p>
吼叫，是他饭前喝下的马提尼酒在作怪。
36
、
It wasn‘t the
gin that was shouting. It was my mother. The gin
only gave me the courage to announce to them that
yes, by God,
I had always
believed in success, had always
believed that without hard work and
self-
discipline you could never amount
to anything, and didn‘t deserve to.
其实
不是杜松子酒在吼，是我的母亲在吼。酒只是借给了我勇气向他们宣布那个想法。是的，上帝
可以作证，我一直相信成功，一直相信如果
没有辛勤的劳动和严格的自律，一个人不可能
有任何成就，也不配有成就。
37
、
It would turn
out that the children‘s bleak repor
t
cards did not forebode failure, but a refusal to
march to the drumbeat of the ordinary, which
should have made me proud. Now they are
grown people with children of their own, and we
like one another and have
good times
when we are
together.
事实最后证明，那些曾使我感到黯淡无望的成绩单并没
有预示我的孩子们一败涂地，而预示了他们拒绝平庸，这令我应该感到欣
慰。而今他们都
已长大成人，也有了自己的孩子。我们彼此都怀着好感，家庭团聚时过得非常愉快。
38
、
So it is with
a family. We carry the dead generations within us
and pass them on to the future abroad our
children. This keep
s the people of the
past alive long after we have taken
them to the churchyard.
家庭就是如此，我们在自己身上承传
去世的老一辈，并将他们传给自己将来四散在
各地的后代，让已经去世安息在教堂墓地的
人们很久以后仍然活在我们心中。
39
、
―If there‘s
one thing I can‘t stand, Russell, its‘s quitter.‖<
/p>
罗素，假如有一件事我不能容忍的话，那就是做轻易放弃的人。
40
、
Lord, I can
hear her
still.
我的天啊！我听见我的母亲还在说。
三、
Help Y
ourself
through the Hard Times
1
、
Some years ago
I had what most would call the American Dream:
a thriving
construction
business, a comfortable home, two new
c
ars and a
sailboat.
Moreover, I was happpily married. I had it all.
几年前，我拥有大多数人称之为美国梦想的东西：一份蒸蒸日上的建筑生意，一个舒适
的家，两辆新车和一艘帆船，此外，我婚姻幸福。我拥有这一切。
2
、
Then the stock
market crashed, and suddenly no one was looking at
the houses I‘d of murderous interest payment
g
obbled up my
savings. I
couldn‘t make ends meet and lay awake nights in a
cold sweat. Just when I though things couldn‘t get
worse, my wife announced that she
wanted a divorce.
接着，股市垮了，突然间
再没人看我修的那些房子。连续几个月支付要命的利息，耗尽了我的积蓄。我入不敷出，经常彻
< br>夜无眠，一身冷汗。就在我认为事情不可能变得更糟的时候，我太太宣布她想离婚。
3
、
With no idea
what to do next, I resolved literally to ―sail off
into the sunset,‖ following the coastline from
Connecticut to Florida. But somewhere
off New Jersey I turned due east,
straight out to sea. Hours later, I climbed up on
the stern rail and watched the dark Atlantic slip
beneath the hull.
How easy it would be
to let the water take me, I thought.
无所适
从的我决心真正驾船
―
向夕阳行驶
‖<
/p>
，
沿着海岸线从康涅狄格州驶向佛罗里达州。
但是在离新泽西巷的地方，
我转向正东方，
直接驶往大海。
几小时后，
我爬上船尾的栏杆，
注视着
从船体下面滑过的黑沉沉的大西洋海水。
我想让海水淹死是多么容易的一件事。
4
、
Suddenly the
boat plummeted between two swells, knocking me off
balance. I grabbed the rail, my feet dragging in
icy brine, and just managed to
haul
myself back on board. Shaken, I thought, what‘s
happening to me? Idon‘t want to that moment, I
knew I had to se
e things through. My
old life was gone. Somehow I‘d have to
build a new one.
突然，帆船笔直地落在两个巨浪之间，使我失去了平
衡。我手抓住
栏杆，脚浸在冰冷
的海
水里，勉强把自己拉回船上。震惊之余，我想，我这是怎么了？我不想死。从那一刻起，我知道我必须看穿万物。
我从前的生活一去
不复返了，必须得想办法自己重建新的生活。
5
、
Everyone, at
some point, will suffer a loss-
the loss
of loved ones. Good health, a job. ―It‘s your
desert experience‘
-a time of feeling
barren of
options, even hope,‖ explains
Patrick Ddl Zoppo, a psychologist and bereavement
specialist with the Archdiocese of New
Y
ork. ―The important thing
is not to allow yourself to be stranded
in the desert.‖
每个人，在某个时刻，都将遭受损失
< br>—
失去挚爱的人、健康或是工作。
―
这是你经历中的
荒漠
---
一段感
到毫无出路，甚至毫无希望的时期
‖
，帕垂克
< br>·
戴尔
·
左珀解释说。他是一名
心理学家，纽约大主教管区的丧亲之痛专家，
―
重
要的是不要让你自己陷入荒漠之中无法自拔
‖
。
6
、
Let
Y
ourself Grieve. Counelors agree that a
period of grieving is critical. ―There‘s no shame
in this,‖ says Del Zoppo. ―Tears aren‘t a sign
that
you‘re simply feeling sorry for
yourself but are expression of sadness or emotion
that must find an outlet.‖
让自己悲痛。顾问们一致认为
，一段时
间的悲痛是至关重要的。
―
不
必为此感到羞愧
‖
，戴尔
·
左珀说，
―
眼泪并不意味着你仅仅自我垂怜，而是
表达必须发泄的忧伤或情感
‖
。
7
、
And it doesn‘t
matter if the grieving takes a while to surface,
as long as it finally finds expression. Consider
the case of
Donna Kelb of Syracuse,
N.Y
. One spring day her
16-year-old son, Cliff, Jr. and 15-year-old son,
Jimmy, were sanding their boat, preparing it for
the season. Suddenly Donna
heard a
scream. Rushing outside, she found her two sons
lying on the ground near the boat.
如果悲痛需
要一段时间才能表现出来，也没有什么关
系，只要它能最终找到表现的方式。看看纽约锡
拉库扎港的唐娜
·
克博的例子。在一个春光明媚的日子里，她<
/p>
16
岁的儿子小克立夫和他
15
岁的弟弟吉米正在给他们的船装沙，为渔季做准备。突然，唐娜听到一声尖叫。她冲到外面，发现
两个儿子倒在船旁边的地面上。
8
、
Jimmy had gone
into the water and returned dripping wet. When he
picked up the sander, he was electrocuted. Cliff,
knocked to the ground by the
current
when he tried to grab the tool, recovered.
< br>吉米下到水中，上来的时候浑身湿透了。当他拿起磨沙器时，触电致死。克立夫在试图拿过
磨沙器时被电流击倒在地，后来康复了。
9
、
Donna was so
numbed by this tragedy that she didn‘t cry for
weeks
-not even at the funeral, Then
back at work one day, she began to feel dizzy.
―Finally I went home, locked myself in
my room and just wailed.‖ she says, ―it was as
though this great weight was being
lift
ed from my shoulders.‖
这个
悲剧的打击让唐娜变得麻木，以致好几周都没哭出来
—
甚至在葬
礼上也没有哭。后来有一天下班归来，她开始感到晕眩。
―
最终
我回
到家，将自己锁在房间里，开始嚎啕大哭
‖
，她说，仿佛这块巨石从肩膀上卸下来。
10
、
What Kelb,
experienced after her tragic loss was what Del
Zoppo calls a ―first
-line defense that
shields the consciousness from some extremely
unpleasant reality.‖ Kelb couldn‘t
begin her healing process until nature had allowed
her time to
sort out her tragedy.
克博在悲剧之后的经历就是戴
尔
·
< br>左珀所说的一种
―
使意识远离极端不愉快的现实的首要防
范心理
‖
。
除非本能给予她解决好悲剧
的时间，
否则克博不可能开始她的康复之
路。
< br>
11
、
Understand
Y
our Anger. ―Anger is natural.‖says Del
Zoppo, ―but it can be released in a wholesome
way.‖ Properly understand, i
t can serve
your
recovery.
理解你的怒火。愤怒是天性，戴
尔
·
左珀说，但可以通过健康的方式释放出来。你若得到恰当的
理解，它将有助于你的恢复。
12
、
Candace
Bracken‘s future seemed full of promise. The
25
-year-old airline hemorrhaging
uncontrollably. Acute leukemia was diagnosed, and
Bracken was of myself, lived a straignt
and narrow life,‖ says
Bracken was
given two weeks to live. After the initial shock,
she felt angry. ―I had
taken care of
myself, lived a straight and narrow life,‖ says
Bracken of Miami. ―Things like this weren‘t
supposed to happen to people like me.‖
以
前
坎迪斯
·
布赖青肯的未来似乎是一片
光明。作为一名
25
岁的航班调度员，她刚生了一个宝宝，才换
了份工作。然而有一天她开始不由自主
地出血。诊断出是急性白血病，只有两个星期可活
。震惊之余，她感到愤怒，我一直爱惜自己的身体，生活诚实，正派，迈阿密的布赖肯
说
―
这种事情不应该发生在像我这样的人身上。
< br>
13
、
She reeled
at the thought of her imminent death, and
withdrew. ―I just gave up,‖ she says. Then a
doctor told her she needed
to arrange
for
someone to care for her daughter.
―How dare you tell me to find someone else to
raise my child!‖ Bracken snapped. At that
mom
ent, she realized that
she had strong reasons to fight for he
life. Her anger, formerly crippling now sparked
her. It helped s
ee her through a
harrowing, but ultimately
successful,
bone-marrow
transplant.
一想到死亡即将来临，她就感到心绪不宁，屈服了。我完全放弃了，她说。后来一个医生告诉她说她 需
要安排人照料她的女狼。
―
你竟敢让
我找别人带大我的小孩！
‖
布赖肯历声说。在那一刻，她意识到
有充分的理由去为自己的生命而战。她
的愤怒开始时极为有害，现在却鼓舞了她，帮助她
渡过了痛彻心肺但最终成功的骨髓移植。
14
、
Face the
Challeng. Another obstacle on the road to health
after a significant loss can be denial. Instead of
facing what has happened to them, says
Dr.
Michael
Aronoff, psychiatrist
and
a
spokesperson
for
the American
Psychiatirc
Association,
many people ―try to
fill
up
th
at
empty
feeling
looking for an escape.‖ The man who
rarely touched a drink will begin
hi
tting the bottle. A woman who watched
her weight will overeat. Others, like
me , try literally to ―rn away.‖
勇敢地面对挑战。
在经历重大打击之后，
拒绝知我同样
也是健康之路的重大障碍。
迈克尔
?
阿
若诺夫是个精神病
医师，美国精神病协会的一名发言人。他说，很多人不是面对所发生的
一切。而是
―
竭力填补空虚的感情假寻找一种解脱。
‖
几乎滴酒不沾
的男人会开始酗酒，担心肥胖的女
性会吃得过多。其他一些人，像我一样，力图
―
一走子之
‖
。
15
、
After working
for bosses all his life, John Jankowski of Staten
Island, N.Y
., had always longed to have
his own options and stock-trading firm.
He finally got the start-up money and
did well. Then came a downturn in business, and
before long Jankowski was in serious financial tro
uble.
为老
板工作一辈子后，纽约史丹顿岛的约翰
?
简可夫斯基一直梦想有自己的选择和证券交易公司。他最终找到了启动
金并经营顺利。接着生意
急转直下，不久简可夫斯基就陷入严重的经济危机。
16
、
―It was
like I‘d run into a brick wall and my whole life
had been shattered,‖ he says. With financial
resources exhausted and
the pressure of
a
family to support, Jankowski‘s
thoughts turned to escape.―
就好像我迎头撞上一面砖墙
，整个人生都被击得粉碎，
‖
他说。经济来源耗尽，又有
一个家庭需要供养，简可夫斯基开始想逃避。
17
、
One morning,
while in a run,he just kept going. After jogging
westward for two hours, he staggered back home.
―It finally daw
ned on me that I
couldn‘t run away from my troubles. The
only thing that made sense was to face up to my
situation,‖ he says. ―Admitting failure was the
toughest
part but I had to before I
could get on with my life.‖
一天早上，在跑步的时候，
他一直往前跑。在向西慢跑了两个小时之后，他步履蹒跚地回
到家。
―
我终于明白不能逃离我的困境。唯一明智的事就是勇敢面对我的现状，
‖
他说，
―
承认失败是困
难的，但要想继续生活我必须得这么
做。
‖
18
、
Get Out and
Do! After a few weeks, I u
rge people
recovering from
loss to get back into a
routine,‖says psychiatrist and Boston University
professor Bessel der Kolk. ―It‘s
important to force yourself to concentrate on
things other than your hurt.‖ Cinsider
t
hese activities:
走出门，
做
点事。
―
几周之后，我要求
那些从打击中复原的人回到日常生活中去，
‖
精神病医师，波士
顿大学教授贝瑟
?A?
凡
?
库克说，
―
强迫自己把注意
力集中到别的事情，而不是所受的伤害上，这一点至关重要。
‖
考虑以下活动：
19
、
Join a support
group. Once you‘ve made the decision to ―get on
with life,‖ you‘ll need someone to talk to
–
and the most effective
kind of
conversation can be
with someone else who has undergone an ordeal.
加入一个援助团体。一旦你决心
―
继续生活
‖
，你会需要向人倾诉，最有效
的是和其他
有过痛苦经历的人交谈。
20
、
Read. When you
can focus after the initial shock, reading,
especially selfhelp books, can offer inspiration
as well as relaxation.
阅读。经历过最
初的震惊之后，如果注意力可以集中，那就开始读书，尤其是有关自助的书，这将让你放松，同时也让你感到鼓
舞。
21
、
Keep a
journal. Many find comfort in creating an ongoing
record of their experiences. At best it can serve
as a kind of self-therapy.
记日记。很
< br>多人发现纪录每天的经历让人感到安慰。日记甚至能起到自我治疗的作用。
22
、
Plan events.
The idea that there are things to look
forward to reinforces that you are
forging ahead into a fresh future. Schedule that
trip you‘ve
been postponing.
做事有计划。有期待的事情，这一想法能增强你迈向全新未来的信息。将你过去推迟了的旅行重新写进时间表。<
/p>
23
、
Learn
new
skills.
Take
a
course
at
a
community
college,
or
take
up
a
new
hobby
or
sport.
You
have
a
new
life
ahead;
any
new
skill
will
complement it.
学习新的技术。在社区大学选修一门课，或是开始新的爱好或者运动。有全新的生活等着你，而任何新的技术 都将使它更充
实。
24
、
Reward
yourself. During highly stressful times, even the
simplest daily daily chores-getting up, showering,
fixing something to eat- can seem
daunting. Consider every
accomplishment, no matter how small, a victory to
be rewarded.
奖励自己。在强压力之下，即使是最简单的日常琐事，
如起床、洗澡，弄东西吃，都能使人气馁。每完成一件事，不管多么微小，都把它看作是一个值
得稿劳自己的成就。
25
、
Exercise.
Physical activity can be especially therapeutic.
Therese Gump of Chicago felt confused and adrift
after her21-years-old son committed
suicide. A friend talked her into
taking a jazzercize class. ―It was just mindless
stretching and bouncing to music.‖ Gump says, ―but
it made me feel
better physically, and
when you head and your t
roubles,‖
Aronoff explains, ―and it allows you to experience
your body with your two feet on the
gro
und.‖
锻炼。体育锻炼尤其具有治疗作用。芝加哥的西瑞丝
?
坎普在她
21
岁儿子自杀后感到茫然
不知所措。一个朋友说服她参加了一个
爵士锻炼培训班。
―
只是随着音乐不动脑筋地伸伸手脚和蹦蹦跳跳，
‖
< br>坎普说，
―
但它却使我感到身体更棒，当你感觉身体更棒
的时候你心理
上也会感觉更好。
‖―
锻
炼使你忘却自我和身边的麻烦，
‖
阿若诺夫解释说，
―
并能让你感到踏实。
‖
26
、
Be Patient
with Y
ourself. People often ask. ―When
will this terrible pain stop?‖ Experts
resist being pinned down to time
frames. ―Roughly, it‘s a
minimum
of
six
months
before
you
even
start
to
feel
better,‖
says
Aronoff.
―And
it
can
be
as
long
as
a
year,
possibly two.
A
lot
depends
on
disposition, the support
within your environment, and if
you get
help and work on it.‖
对自己有耐心。人们常说，
―
什么时候这种可怕的痛苦才会
结束？
‖
专家门反对时间期限的限制。
―
< br>大体上，你少则需要
6
个月才能开始感觉好点，
‖
阿若诺夫说。
―
也有
可能长达一年，或是两年。这
很大程度上取决于你的性格、周围亲友的支持、以及是否得
到帮助并借此战胜痛苦。
27
、
So,be
easy on yourself. Recongnize that
you‘ll need time, and that your own pace of
recovery may not fit with that of
others.
Congratulate
yourself at each step through grief:
I‘m still here, I‘ve made it this far!
因
此，对自己宽容些。认识到你将需要一定的时间，而且你自己的康复节
奏可能和别人不一
样。在走出悲痛中每前进一步都要祝贺自己：
―
我还活着，我已
经撑到现在了。
‖
28
、
Sailing is a
slow business. I made it to Florida in five weeks.
In attempting to‖run away,‖ I‘d embarked on a trip
that gave me a structure, a daily
outdoor routine requiring physical
exertion, and plenty of time. I was still hurting,
but by the time I anchored in Miami, I
was ready to try
what, I
wasn‘t sure.
航行是个慢活，我用了
5
周才抵达佛罗里达。原本试图
―
一走了之
‖
的我踏上一段旅途。这段旅途让我重新组织生活，培
< br>养了每天的生活规律，要求付出在户外的体力以及大量的时间。我的心依然在痛，但是等我到达迈阿密时， 我已作好再次尝试的准备。尝
试什么，我还没确定。
29
、
―Why not get
back to writing
-
to what you
were trained for?‖ said my dad over the phone. He
was right. And here I am now, writing to you. It
feels good to
be back.―
何不回到写作？回到你以前受过专门培训的写作嘛！
‖
爸爸在电话那头说。他是对的。现在我就在为你而写。能回到
的感觉真好。
四、
What Is Happiness?
1
、
The right to
pursue happiness is issued to Americans with their
birth cetificates, but no one seems quite which
way it ran. It may be we are issued a
hunting licens
e but offered
no
game. Jonathan
Swift
seemed to being welldeceived.‖ The felicty of
being ―a fool among knaves.‖ For
Swift
sa
y
society as
V
anity Fair, the land of false goals.
自从呱呱坠地，美国人就被赋予了追求幸福的权利，但似乎没人确信幸福究竟在哪里。正如它
发
给我们狩猎证，却不给我们提供猎物。乔纳森
?
斯威福特似乎持此观点，他抨击幸福的想法是
―
鬼迷
心窍的上当，
‖
是
―
< br>骗子堆中的傻瓜
‖
的自
鸣得意。
因为他视社会为虚妄目标聚集的名利场。
2
、
It is, of
course, un-American to think in terms of fools
and knaves. We do, however, seem to be
dedicated to the idea of buying our way to
happiness. We shall all have made it to
heaven when we possess enough.
当然用傻子、
骗子这样的字眼来形容是不合美国的人的风俗习惯的，
然
后我们似乎确实沉溺于用金钱购买幸福的想法：只要有足够的钱，我们百年后就能上天堂。
3
、
And at
the same time the forces of American commercialism
are hugely dedicated to making us deliberately
unhappy. Advertising is one of our
major industries, and advertising is
one of our major industries, and
advertising exists not to satisfy
desires but to create them-and to create them
faster than any man‘s budget can
satisfy them. For that matter, our whole economy
is based on a dedicated insatiability. We
a
re taught that to possess
is to be happy, and then we are made to
want. We are even told it is our duty to want. It
was only a few years ago, to cite a single
example, that car
dealers across the
country were flying banners that read
―Y
ou Auto Buy Now.‖ There were calling
upon
Americans, as an act approaching
patriotism,
to buy at once, with money
they did not have. Automobiles they did not really
need, and which they would be required to grow
tired of by the time
the next year‘s
models were released.
同时，美国的商业主义却又殚精竟虑故意
使我们得不到幸福。广告是我们的支柱产业之一，其存在不是
为了满足欲望。而是为了制
造欲望
——
其制造速度之快，使我们的腰包应接不暇。就此而言
，我们的整个经济是基于一种无法自拔的贪求
无厌。我们受到的教育是
< br>―
占有却为幸福
‖
，然后我们就
被迫产生贪欲。我们甚至被告知欲望是我们的义务。引用一个简单的例子为证：仅
仅几年
前，全国的汽车销售商还打着
―
你应该立即购买汽车
‖
的横幅。他们号召美国人民：作为一种爱国主义行为，他们应该立即按揭
购买
他们并不真正需要的汽车，并且在次年新款汽车发布后他们会对原来这些汽车心生厌
倦。
4
、
Or look at any
of the women‘s magazines. There, as Bernard De
V
oto once pointed out, advertising
begains as poetry in the fro
nt pages
and ends
as pharmacopoeia and therapy
in the back page. The poetry of the front matter
is the dream of perfect beauty. This is the baby
skin that must be hers.
These, the
flawless teeth. This, the perfumed breath she must
exhale. This, the sixteen-year-old figure she must
display she must display at forty, at
fifty, at sixty, and forever.
或者任意浏览一本女性杂志。正如伯尔纳德
?
德
?
渥托曾经指出的那样，这些杂志开头几页的广告诗情画意，而最后
则以类似药典和治疗手册结尾。前者是完美美女的梦想：这该是她婴儿般的股肤，这些是她无瑕的
牙齿，这该是她呼出的香气，这该是她
能保持到
40
、
50
、
60
岁甚至永远的
16
岁少女般的身材。
5
、
Once past
the vaguely uplifting fiction and feature
articles, the reader finds the other face of the
dream in the back matter. This is the harness into
which Mother must strap herself in
order to display that perfect figure. These, the
chin straps she must sleep in. This is the slave
that restores all, this
is her
laxative, these are the tablets that melt away
fat, these are the hormones of
p
erceptual youth, these are the
stockings that hide varicose veins.
一
旦读完这些隐约让人振奋的小说和专题文章，读者在杂志最后几页就会发现梦想的真相：这是家
庭主妇必须得系上的背带，以展现其完美
身材。这些是她睡觉时必须带上的颚带。这是可
以恢复青春的药剂和装备，这是她减肥用的缓泻药，这些是消化脂肪的药片，这些是使外
表年轻的荷尔蒙，这些是掩盖静脉曲张的长袜。
6
、
Obviously no
half-sane person can be completely persuaded
either by such poetry or by such poetry or by such
pharmacopoeia and orthopedics.
Y
et someone is obviously
trying to buy the dream as offered
and
spending billions every year in the attempt.
Clearly the happ
iness-market is not
running out of customers, but what is
trying to buy?
显而易见，即使心智不健全的人也不会完全相信这些诗境
或是这些药典和矫正术。然后有
人显然正在竭力购买这些广告所兜的美梦，并为此每年耗
资数十亿美元。这种幸福市场无疑不会无人问津，但他们购买的究竟是什么呢？
7
、
The idea
―happiness,‖ to be sure, will not sit still for
easy definition: the best one can do is to try to
set some extremes
to the idea and then
work in
toward the middle. To think of
happiness as acquisitive and competitive will do
to set the materialistic extreme. To think of it
as the idea one senses
in, say, a holy
man of India will do to set the spiritual extreme.
The holy man‘s idea of happiness is in needing
nothing fro
m outside himself. In
wanting nothing, he lacks nothing. He
sits immobile, rapt in contemplation, free even of
his own body. Or nearly free of it. If devout
admirers bring
him
food
he
eats
it;
if
not,
he
starves
indifferently.
Why
beconcerned?
What
is
physical
is
an
illusion
to
him.
Contemplation
is
his
joy
and
he
achieves it through
afantastically demanding discipline, the
accomplishment of which is itself a joy within him
.
诚然，给
―
幸福
‖
这一概念下定义远
非易事：最好是尽量为这一概念确立一
些极限，然后将两者折中。将幸福视为物质上的拥有和相互攀比，这就确立了其物质上的极限。将
其视为一个人（比如印度的圣人）所感知的信念，则是确立了其精神上的极限。圣人的幸福是无需身外之
物。无欲则无求。他静坐不动，
陷入冥思，甚至脱离或者说近乎脱离自己的肉体。如果有
虔诚的信徒带来食物，他硬听；
如果没有，他便淡然地饿着。
有什么好牵挂的
呢？对他而言，物质世界只是虚幻。宴想是他的极乐，而他通过修行来实
现。这种修行要求之高，让人难以置信，其完成本身就是他内心
的一种极乐。
8
、
Is he a
happy man? Perhaps his happiness is only another
sort of who can take it from him? And who will
dare say it is more illusory
than
happiness on the installment plan?
他幸福吗？
或许他的幸福只是另一种虚幻。但谁又能将幸福从他身边夺走呢？又有谁敢说这种幸福比
分期付款计划中得到的幸福更缥缈呢？
9
、
But, perhaps
because I am Western, I doubt such catatonic
happiness,as I doubt the dreams of the happiness-
market. What is certain is that his way
of happiness would be torture to almost
any Western man. Y
et these extremes
will still serve to frame the area within all of
us and must find some
sort
of balance. Thoreau-a creature of both Eastern and
Western thought-had his own firm sense of that
aim was to save on the low levels
in
order to spend on the high.
然而，或许因为我是西方人
，我对这种令人精神紧张的幸福持怀疑态度，正如我怀疑幸福市场的梦幻一样。可
以确信
，他这种幸福方式对几乎任何一个西方人而言都是一种折磨。尽管如此，我们仍然可以利用这些极限来划定幸福的
范畴，在这一范
畴内每个人都得找到某种平衡。梭罗，一个东西思想交融的人物，对这种
平衡有他自己的坚定信念。他的目标是在低层次节约，在高层次
上付出。
10
、
Posssession
for its own sake or in competiton with the rest of
the neighborhood
would have been
Thoureau‘s idea of the low levels. The active
discipline of heightening one‘s
perception of what is enduring in nature would
have been his idea of the high, What he saved
from the low was time
and
effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau
certainly disapproved of starvation,
but he would put into feeding himself only as much
effort as
would keep him
functioning for more important efforts.
梭罗所理解的
―
低层次
‖
，即为自己而去拥有，或与邻里明争暗斗而致拥有。他心目中的
―
高层次
‖
，则是这样一种积极的人生戒律，即要使
自己对自己界永恒之物的感悟臻于完美。对于他从低层次上节省下来的时间和精力，他
可
将其致力于对高层次的追求。勿庸置疑，梭罗不赞成忍饥挨饿，但他在膳食方面投入的精力仅果腹而已，只要可以
确保他能去从事更为
重要的事务即可。
11
、
Effort
is the
gist
of
it.
There
is
no
happiness
except
as we
take
on
life-engaging
difficulties.
Short
of
the
impossible,
as
Y
eats
put
it, the
satisfactions we get
from a lifetime depend on how hign we choose our
Frost was thinking in something like the same
terms when
he spoke of ―The pleasure of
taking pains.‖ The ma
rtal flaw in the
advertised version of happiness is in the fact
that it purports to be effortless.
殚精
竭虑，
全力以赴，
便是问题的精髓所在。
除非我们愿意直面那些需要我们全身心投入的艰难困苦，
否则便不会
有幸福可言。
正如叶芝所言，
除却某些不可能的情形，我们人生
中所获取的满足皆取决于我们在多高的境界中选择我们所愿意面对的艰难困苦。当罗伯特
?
弗罗斯特言
及
―
以苦为乐
‖
时，他内心所思，大体如此。商业广告中所宣扬
的寻种幸福观，其致使的缺陷就在于它宣称，一切幸福皆唾手可得，不费吹
灰之力。
12
、
We
demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it
because without difficulty there can be no game. A
game is a way of making something
hard
for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an
arbitrary imposition of dificulty. When the
spoilsport ruins the fun, he always does so by
refusing
to play by the rules. It is
easier to win at chess if you are free,at your
pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules,
but the fun is in winning within
the
rules. No difficulty, no fun.
即使于游戏之中，我们
也需要有艰难困苦。之所以需要它，是因为若没有困难，便断无游戏可言。游戏即是
这样
一种方式，为了享受其中的情趣而人为地使事情变得不那么轻而易举。游戏中的种种规则，便是将困难武断地强加
于人。有的人将情
趣摧毁殆尽，总是因为他拒不按游戏规则行事而使然。这犹如下棋，如
果你随心所欲、心血来潮全然武断地去更改那些游戏规则、去赢棋
当然会更加容易。但下
棋的情趣则在于应在规则的限定范围内赢取胜利。一言以蔽之，没有艰难，断无情趣。
13
、
The buyers and
sellers at the happiness-market seem too often to
have lost their sense of the pleasure of
difficulty. Heaven knows what they are
playing,but it seems a dull game. And
the Indian holy man seems dull to us, I suppose,
because he seems to be refusing to play anyting at
all. The
Western weakness may be
in the illusion that happiness can be
bought. Perhaps the Eastern weakness is
in the idea that there is such a
t
hing as
perfect (therefore
static ) happiness.
幸福市场上的买卖双方似乎大都体会不到挑战
困难的乐趣。天知道他们在玩些什么，但似乎不外乎那些
无聊的游戏。我猜印度的圣人在
我们看来有些无聊，因为他似乎拒绝玩任何游戏。西方人的弱点在于他们幻想幸福可以买到。或许东方人
的弱点在于他们认为存在产丰一种完美的（因而也是静止的）幸福。
14
、
Happiness is
never more than partial. There are no pure states
of mankind. Whatever else happiness may be, it is
neit
her in having nor in being,
but in becoming. What the Founding
Fathers declared for us as inherent right,we
should do well to remember, was not happiness but
the pursuit of
happiness market, is the
cardinal fact that happiness is in the pursuit
itself, in
the meaningful pursuit of
what is life-engaging and life-revealing,
which is to say, in the idea of
becoming. A nation is not measured by what it
possesses or wants to possess, but by what it
wants to become.
从来就没
有过完美的幸福。
人类社会不存在尽善尽美。无论人们怎样界定何谓幸福，它既不在于拥有也不在于实现，而在于追求的过程。我们
应该
牢记：开国元勋们为我们所宣布的与生俱来的权利，不是享受幸福而是追求幸福。假
如他们当初预见到现在出现的幸福市场，他们就会强
调指出这样一个基本事实：幸福在于
为之奋斗的过程，在于我们终生为之努力并从中获得启迪的事业，也就是说在于追求。对于一个民族
的评价不是看它拥有什么或是幸福拥有什么，而是看它想要追求什么。
15
、
By all means
let the happiness-market sell us minor
satisfactions and even minor follies so long as we
keep them in scale and buy them out of
spiritual change. I am no customer for
either Puritanism or asceticism. But drop any real
spiritual capital at those bazaars, and what you
come to will
be your own poorhouse.
当然，只要我们掌握好一个度，或者只作为一种精神调节，不妨从幸福市场买点满足感甚至可以花
钱买点愚蠢的东
西。我既不信奉清教徒的生活准则也不赞面禁欲主义。但如果我们在这些
市场上放弃任何真正意义上的精神财富，那么到头来我们只能是
一无所有。
五、
Remote Control
1
、
Recently the
Washington Post printed an article explaining how
the appliance manufacturers plan to drive
consumers insane.
最近《华盛顿邮报》
刊登
了一篇文章，解释家用电器制造商是如何谋划把消费者逼疯的。
2
、
Of course they
don‘t say they want to drive us insane. What they
say they want to do is have us live in homes where
―all appl
iances are on the
Internet, sharing information‖and
appliances will be ―smarter than
most
of their owners.‖ For example, the
article states, you could have
a home
where the dishwasher
―can be turned on from the office‖and the
refrigerator ―knows when it‘s out of milk‖ and the
bathroom scale ―transmits your
weight
to the gym.‖
当然制造商们并没有说他们想把我们逼疯，他们说他们想做的
是让我们生活在
―
所有电器通过互联网实现信息共享
‖
的住
宅里。而这些电器比
―
大多数主人聪明得多
‖
。例如，文
章说到你可以拥有这样一个家：洗碗机
―
可以从你办公室启动<
/p>
‖
、电冰箱
―
知
道何时牛
奶喝完了
‖
、浴室磅秤可以<
/p>
―
把你的体重传送到健身房
‖
。
3
、
I frankly
wonder whether the appliance manufacturers, with
all due respect, have been smoking crack. I mean,
did they ever st
op to ask themselves
why a consumer, after loading a
dishwasher, would go to the office to start it?
Would there be some kind of career benefit?
恕我直言，
我满怀敬意地
想知道电器制造商们是不是晕
了头。
我的意思是他们是否该停下来问问自己：
为什么消费者把
碗碟放进洗碗机后，
要跑到办公室去启动它？
难道这样可以在职
场上获益吗？
YOUR BOSS: What are
you doing?
老板：你在干什么？
YOU (
tapping computer keyboard ): I‘m starting my
dishwasher!
你（敲打键盘）
：我正在启动我家的洗碗机！
YOUR BOSS: That‘s the kind of
productivity we need around here!
老板：这恰恰是我们这儿需要的工作效率。
YOU: Now I‘m flushing the upstairs
toilet!
你：我现在就冲洗楼上厕所！
Listen, appliance manufacturers: We
don‘t need a dishwaher that we can communicate
with from afar. If you want to improve
our
dishwashers,
give us one
that senses when people leave dirty on the kitchen
counter, and shouts at them: ―Put those dishes in
the dishwasher rignt now or I‘ll leak
all
over
your
shoes!‖
电器制造商们听好：我们不需要从远处来启动洗碗机。
如果你想改进洗碗机，那就给我们这样一台：当人们把脏碗放
在碗柜上时，洗碗机能够感
应并且大声冲人喊：
―
立刻把碗放进来，不然我就会漏水把你鞋
子弄湿！
‖
Likewise,
we don‘t need a refrigerator that knows when it‘s
out of milk. We alrealy have a foolproof system
for determining if we‘re out of milk.
We ask our wife. What we could use is a
refrigerator that refuses to let us open its door
when it senses that we are about to consume our
fourth Jell-O
Pudding Snack in two
hours.
同样，我们也不需要电冰箱知道什么时候没有牛奶。我们已经有了一个傻
瓜也明白的万无一失的方法来确定牛奶是否喝完：我们可以问一
下妻子。我们需要的是这
样一台电冰箱：当它意识到我们要在两小时内就要把第四个吉露果子冻布丁吃完时，冰箱门就再也打不开了。
As for a scale that transmits
our weight to the gym: Are they nuts? We don‘t
want our weight transmitted to our own
eyeballs!
What if the gym
decided to trainsmit our weight to all
these other appliances on the Internet?
What
if, God forbid, our refrigerator
found out what our weight was!
We‘d
never get the door open again!
至于可以把我们的体
重传送到健身房的磅秤：这是不是疯了？我们自己都不想看到自己的体重！如果健
身房决
定把我们的体重传给网上的其他电器怎么办？要是电冰箱知道我们的体重会怎么样呢？但愿不会如此。否则，我们
将再也不能打开
冰箱门了！
But
here is what really concerns me about
the
se new ―smart‖ appliances:Even if we
like the features, we won‘t be able to use them.
We can‘t
use the appliance features we
have now. I have a feature-packed telephone with
43 buttons, at least 20 of which I am afraid to
touch. This phone
probably can
com
municate with the dead, but I don‘t
know to operate it, just as I don‘t know how to
operate my TV
, which requires three
remot
e
controls. One control
(44 buttons ) came with the TV
; a
second (39 buttons )came with the VCR; the third
(37 buttons ) was brought here by the
cable man, who apparently felt that I
did not have enough buttons.
但是对于这些新型的
―
智能
‖
电器，我
真正关心的是：即使我们喜欢这些功能，
我们也无法使用它们。甚至现在电器已有的功能
我们也不会使用。我有一部功能齐全的电话机，上面有
43
个键
，但至少有
20
个功能健我
是不敢碰的
。这部电话或许可以与死人交流，我却不知如何使用。这就如同我不知道怎样操纵我的电视一样，它需要
3
个遥控器。其中一
个遥控器（有
44
个功能键）与电视机相连，另一个（有
39
个功能键）与录像机配套；再一个（有
37
个功能键）是有线电视管理员带来
的，显然他觉得我的遥控器的功能键还不够多。
So when I want to watch
TV
, I‘m confronted with a total of 120
buttons, identified by such helpful labels as PIP
, MTS, DBS,
FZ, JUMP and
BLANK. There are three buttons labeled
POWER, but there are times-especially if my son
and his friends, who are not afraid of features,
have
changed
the
settings-when
I
honestly
cannot
figure
out
how to
turn the TV
on.
I stand
there,
holding
three
remote
controls, pressing
buttons
at
random, until eventually I give up and
go turn on the dishwasher. It has been, literally,
years since I have successfully recorded a TV
show. That is
how ―smart‖my appliances
have become.
所以当我想看电视时，我面对的是
1
20
个功能键。通过诸多
PIP
、
MTS
、
DBS
、
FZ
、
JUMP
、
BLANK
等有用的标签来识别它们的功能。其中
3
个功能键的标签都是
POWER
。但有些时候尤其是如果我儿子和他的朋友们
——
他
们都不害怕破
坏原有的功能
——
改变了
设置，我真不知道该如何打开电视机。我站在那儿，手中握着
3
个遥控器胡乱地按着，直到最终放弃转而去开洗
碗机。毫不夸张地说，我花了几年的工夫
才学会了录制电视节目。我的电器就
―
智能
‖
到了这种程度。
And
now the appliance manfacturers wa
nt to
give us even more you know what this means? It
means that some night you‘ll open
the
door of your ―smart‖ refrigerator, looking for a
beer, and you‘ll hear a pleasant, cheerful
voice
-recorded by the same woman who
informs you
that Y
our Call
Is Important when you call a business that does
not wish to speak with you
persinally
-
telling you:
Y
our celery is Limp.‖ Y
ou
will not
know who else your
refrigerator knows this, and, what is worse, you
will not know how your refrigerator is telling
about it ( Hey, Bob! I hear your
celery
is limp!‖ ). And, if you want to try to make the
refrigerator stop, you‘ll have to decipher Owner‘s
Manual instruction
s written by and for
nuclear physicists (―To disable the
Produce Crispness Monitoring feature, enter
t
he Command Mode, then elect the Edit
function, then select Change
V
egetable Defaults, then
assume that Train A leaves Chicago traveling
westbound at 47 mph, while Train B…..‖
现
在电器制造商们想给我们提供
更多电器功能。
你知道这意味着什
么吗？这意味着某天晚上你打开你那
―
智能
‖
的电冰箱寻找一瓶啤酒时，
你会听到甜美而讨人喜欢的声
音，
―
您的芹菜发蔫了
‖
。当你致电一个商家，而对方又不想和你直接交谈时，你会听到一个相同的录音女声告诉你：
―
这个电话很重要
‖
。
你不
知道电冰箱是如何知道这些的。更糟糕的是，你不知道电冰箱把这句话告诉了别的什
么人。
（
―
嘿：鲍勃！听说你的芹菜发
蔫了！
‖
）如果
你想让你的冰箱停下来
，你不得不被破译由核物理学家编写的用户使用手册指南。
（
―
取消产品保鲜监控功能：进入命令模式，然后选择编
辑功能，再
选择变化蔬菜默认值，然后假设火车
A
从芝加哥以
47
英里
/
小时的速度向西
行驶，火车
B……‖
）
。
Is this the kind of future you
want, consumers? Do you want appliances that are
smarter than you? Y
our appliances
should be dumber than you,
just like
your furniture, your pets and your represetatives
in Congress. So Iam urging you to let the
appliance industry know, by phone, letter, fax and
e-
mail, that when it comes
to ―smart‖appliances, you vote NO.Y
ou
need to act quickly. Because while you‘re reading
this, your m
icrowave oven is
voting YES.
消费者们：这就是你们所期望的未来吗
？你希望电器比你还聪明？当然不是。家用电器应该比你笨，就像你的家具、宠物和国
会
众议员一样。所以我敦促你们通过电话、信件、传真或电子邮件的方式让电器制造厂商知道：当论及
―
智能电器
‖
时你们会投反
对票。必
须尽快行动。因为在你读这篇文章时，你的微波炉正在投赞成票。
六、
The Right to Fail
1
、
I like
―dropout‖as an addition to the American language
because it‘s brief and it‘s clear. What I don‘t
like is that we use it almost entirely as a dirty
word.
我喜欢
―
< br>中途退出者
‖
这个加入美语的词汇，因为它简洁明了。我
所不喜欢的是我们几乎完全把它作为一个禁忌词语使用。
2
、
We only apply
it to people under twenty-one. Y
et an
adult who spends his days and nights watching
mindless TV programs is more of a
drop
out
than an eighteen-
year-
old who quits college, with its
frequently mindless courses, to become, say, a
VISTA‘ valunteer. For the young, dropping out
its
often a way of dropping
in.
我们只把它用在
21
岁以下的人
身上。与一个中途离开大学、避开那些毫无思想内容的课程，志愿参加为美国服
务志愿队
（
VISTA
）的
18
岁青年相比，一个整天整夜看不需要动脑筋的电视节目的成年人更是半途而废的人。而对于年轻人来说这
是以
退为进。
3
、
To hold this
opinion, however is little short of treason in
America. A boy or girl who leaves college is
branded a failure-and the right to fail is one
of the few freedoms that this country
does not grant its cit
izens. The
American dream
is a dream of ―getting
ahead,‖ painted in strokes
of gold
wherever we look. Our advertisements
and TV commercials are a hymn to material success,
our magazine articles a toast to peop
le
who made it to
the top. Smoke the right
cigarette or drive the right car-so the ads imply-
and the girls will be swooning into your
deodorized arms or caressing your
expensive lapels Happiness goes to the
man who has sweet smell of achievement. He is our
national idol, and everybody else is
our national fink.
然
而在美国，
持有这种观点差不多就是背叛。
中途退学的孩子们被指称为失败者
—
失败的权利是美国政府没有赋予国民的少数几个自由之一。
美国之梦是
―
成功
‖<
/p>
之梦，凡是我们放眼之处都是一片金光灿烂。宣传广告和电视广告歌颂物质方面的成功，杂
志文章赞誉获得此类成功的
人。广告暗示你：吸适合你身份的烟、开适合你身份的车，女
孩们就会陶醉在你那没有异味的怀抱之中，抚摸你那昂贵的衣领。幸福只青
睐那些散发出
成功的甜蜜气味的人。他是全体国民的偶像，其他所有人则是国家的蛀虫。
4
、
I want to put
in a word for the fink, especially the teen-age
fink, because if we give him time to get through
his finkdom-if we release him from the
pressure of attaining certain
goals by a certain
age-he
has a
good
chance of
becoming our national idol,
a Jefferson
or a Thoreau, a Buckminster
Fuller
or
an
Adlai
Stevenson,
a
man
with
a
mind
of
his
own.
We
need
mavericks
and
dissenters
and
dreamers
far
more
than
we
ne
ed
junior
vice-presidents, but we paralyze them
by insisting that every step be a step up to the
next rung of the ladder. Y
et in the
fluid years of youth, the only
way for
boys and girls to find their proper road is often
to take a hundred side trips, poking out in
different directions, faltering, drawing back, and
starting again.
我想为蛀虫，
尤其是
10
多岁的蛀虫说句话。
因为如果我们给他时间去克服平庸，
即让他摆脱在某一年龄取得某种成功的压力，
他大有机会成为像杰斐逊、梭罗、巴克敏斯特
?
富勒或者阿德雷
?
史蒂文生一样的国家偶像，成为一个拥有
独立思想的人。我们对特立独行
者和持异义者的需求远远大于对年轻副总裁的需求。但我
们却坚持认为每一步都应该是通向更高一级阶梯，而这恰恰使他们气馁。在变化
无常的年
轻时代，年轻人找到适合自己的正确道路的唯一方法就是先走一百次弯路，探索各个方向，蹒跚，后退，然后重新
踏上征程。
5
、
―But what if we
fail?‖ they ask, whispering the
dreadfu
l word across the Generation Gap
to their parents, who are back home at the
Establishment
nursing their
―middle
-
class values‖ and
cultivating their
―goal
-
oriented society.‖ The
parents whisper back: ―Don‘t!‖―
但是如果我们失败
了怎么办
呢
‖
？他们问道，小声地把这
些可怕的话语传过代沟，送到父母耳中。这些父母是当权派，正在培养他们的
―
中产阶级价值观
‖
，构建他们的
―
目标明确的社会
‖
。父母们
轻声回答：不能失败！
6
、
What they
should say is ―Don‘t be afraid to fail!‖ Failure
isn‘t fatal. Countless people have had a bout with
it and come out
stronger as a result.
Many have even come out famous. History
is strewn with e
minent dropouts,
―loners‖who followed their own trail, not worrying
about its odd twists
and turns because
they had faith in their own sense of direction. To
read their biographies is always exhilarating, not
only
because they beat the
system, but because their system was
better than the one that they beat.
他们应该
说不要害怕失败！失败并不致命。无数人曾失败过，也因此而
变得更加强大。有些甚至成
了名人。历史上充满了卓越的中途退出者以及沿着自己的道路前行的
―
< br>孤独者
‖
。他们不惧怕偶尔的波折，因为
他们坚信自己的方向感。阅读他们的传记总是令人振奋，这不仅因为他们打破了旧体制，更因为他们创立
的体制要优于他们打破的。
7
、
Luckily, such
rebels still turn up often enough to prove that
individualism, though badly threatened, is not
extinct. Much has been written, for
instance, about the fitful scholastic
career of Thomas P. , New Y
ork‘s former
Parks Commissioner and now director of
the leaving schools
as if
they were motels, often at the request of the
management. Still, he must have learned something
during those unorthodox years, for he dropped
in again at the top of his profession.
幸运的是，类似的叛逆举动时常出现，这足以证明虽然个人主义受到严重威胁，但却没有
销声匿迹。例如，人们经常提及托马斯
P.F.
洪维
的独特学术生涯。他是前纽约公园委员，现任大都会艺术博特馆长。洪维是极期限典型的中途退出者 。他出入学校好比进出汽车旅馆，当
然这主要是应学校管理层的要求。然而在那些接受非
正规教育的岁月里，他一定学到了一些东西。因为他以退为进，并且到达了事业的顶
峰。
8
、
His
case reminds me of another boyhood-that of Holden
Caulfield in J.
D. Salinger‘s The
Catcher in the Rye, the most popular literary hero
of the
postwar period. There
is
nothing
accidental
about
the
grip that this
dropout
continues to
hold
on the
affections
of
an
engaging
shambles
of
our
―goal
-
oriented
society,‖so gratified
our
secret belief that the ―phonies‖are in power and
the good guys up the creek. Whether Holden has
also reached
the
top
of
his
chosen
field
today
is
one
of
those
speculations
that
delight
fanciers
of
good
fiction.
I
speculate
that
he
has.
Holden
Caulfield,
incidentally, is
now thirty-six.
他的事迹让我想起了
J.D<
/p>
塞林格《麦田守望者》中何顿
?
考尔菲德
的少年时代。考尔菲曾是战后最受欢迎的文学
英雄形象。这个中途退出者受到整整一代美
国人的青睐绝非偶然。其他任保人，不管是真实存在的还是杜撰的，都没有给我们这个
―
目标
明确的社会
‖
造成如此迷人的混乱，也不曾如此满足我们某种隐蔽的思想，即
―
< br>假冒者
‖
当权，有能力者处于困境。现在何顿是否到达他
所选
择领域的巅峰就成了一个绝佳的幻想题材，许多好小说的追捧者都对此感兴趣。我想
他已到达事业之巅。顺便提一句，何顿
?
考尔菲德现
年
36
岁。
9
、
I‘m not urging
e
veryone to go out and fail just for
the sheer therapy of it, or to quit college just
to clddle some vague discontent.
Obvious
ly it‘s
better to
succeed than to flop, and in general a long
education is more helpful than a shorter one.
(Thanks to my own education, for example, I can
tell George
Eliot from T. S.
Eliot, I can handle the pluperfect tense in
French, and I know that Caesar beat the Helvetii
because he had enough
frumentum.) I
only mean that failure isn‘t bad in itself, or
success automatically good
.
我
并不是要敦促大家由于失败具有疗效而去选择失败，或
者仅仅因为一点不满就退学。很明
显，成功优于失败。一般来说，接受长期教育要比短期教育更有帮助。
（比如，由于我接
受了教育才能
分清乔治
?
艾略特，
才能掌握法语中的过去完成时，
才能清楚恺撒打败赫尔维蒂人是因为
他有足够的玉米）
。
我只是说失败本身并不是好事，
或者说成功并非必然是好事。
10
、
Fred
Zinnemann, who has directed some of Hollywood‘s
most honored movies, was asked by a
re
porter, when A Man for All Seansons
won
every
prize,
about
his
previous
film,
Behold
a
Pale
Horse,
which
was
a
box-
office
disaster.
―I
don‘t
feel
any
obligation
to
be
successful,‖
Zinnemannn
replied. ―Success can be
dangrous
-
you feel you know
it all. I‘ve learned
a
great
deal from my failures.‖A similar point was mad by
Richard Brooks about his ambitious
money loser, Lord Jim, Recalling the three years
of his life that went into it, talking almost with
elation about the
troubles that befell
his unit in Cambodia, Brooks told me that he
learned
more
about his craff
from this considerable failure than from his many
earlier hits.
弗雷德
?
金尼曼曾导演过多部好莱坞最受推崇的电影。
在
《四季之人》
获得各种奖项之时，
有记者问及他以前拍
过的票房毒药
《十
面埋伏擒蛟龙》
。金
尼曼回答说，我没有感觉有任何责任非成功不可。成功或说是危险的
—
< br>你会觉得你无所不知。我从自己的失败中学会
了很多东西。曾对影片《吉姆大公》
投入巨资却失败的理查德
?
布鲁克斯也有类似的观点。回想起为
此片花费的
3
年时间，布鲁克斯几乎
是
兴高采烈地谈论着他位于柬埔寨的剧组所遭遇的困难。
他告诉我，
他从这次失败中学到的技能比他从早期限拍摄的成功之作中学得要多。
11
、
It‘s a point,
of course, that applies throught the arts.
Writers, playwrights, painters and composers work
in the expectation
of periodic defeat,
but
they wouldn‘t keep going back into
the arena if they thought it was the end of world.
It isn‘t the end of the world. For an
a
rtist-and perhaps for
anybody- it is the only way to grow.
当然，这种观点贯穿于艺术始终。作家，剧作家，画家，作曲家预计到他们的工作台会出现周期
性的失
败。如果他们认为失败是世界末日的话，他们就不会重回他们的工作领域。失败并
非世界末日。对艺术家
—
或者对任何人
—
来说，失败是
成长的惟一途径。
12
、
Today‘s
younger generation seems to know that this is
true, seems willing to take the risks in life that
artists take in art.
―Society,‖ needless to say,
still has the upper hand-it sets the
goals and condemns a
s a failure
everybody who won‘t play. But the dropouts and the
hippies are not as afraid of
failure as
their parents and
grandparents. This
could
mean, as their elders might say,
that they are just plumb lazy, secure
in the comforts of an
affluent state, I
t could
also mean, however, that they just don‘t buy the
old standards of success and are rapidly writing
new ones.
如今的年轻一代似
乎知道这是真实的，似乎
愿意像艺术家在艺术中冒险一样在生活中冒险。不用说，社会仍占上风
—
它为人们设定目标，谴责那些不参与的
人是失败者。但是中途退出者和嬉皮士们
并不像他们的父母和祖父母们那样害怕成为失败者。正如他们的长辈们所说，这或许意味着他们
< br>懒惰，无忧无虑地生活在一个富足的国度。然而，这也许同样竟味着他们对过时的成功标准不以为然，而在 尽快创造新的标准。
13
、
Recently, it
was announced, for instance, that more than two
hundred thousand Americans have inquired about
serve in
VISTA (the domestic
Peace Corps) and that, according to a
Gallup survey,‖ more than 3 million American
college students would serve VISTA in
some
capacity if given
the
opportunity.‖ This is hardly the road
t
o riches or to an executive suite.
Y
et I have met many of these young
volunteers, and they are not pinning