-
8D
报告填写说明
PROBLEM STATEMENT/DESCRIPTION
第一步：问题的识别和评估
This
section
should
contain
as
much
information
possible
about
the
concern
encountered, the more detailed and
accurate information obtained will help to give
a better understanding of the problem
and assist in investigations and resolution
later on.
Example:
- Date(s) of failure(s).
-
Quantity of discrepant/suspect reject parts.
- Where the problem was detected.
- If applicable, carryout is/is-not
analysis and attach to 8D.
-
Have we seen the problem before?
1.
问题是什么或目前真实的情况？根据对象和缺陷来陈述。
2.
最早问题在哪里发现的？
3.
问题是如何发现的？
4.
发生的问题与标准有什么不同？
规格是什么？如何会产生不同的？（检验规范、图纸、
CATIA
文件、或不良极限样品）
5.
产生问题的项目如何测量的？测
量系统是什么？测量系统出了什么问题？重复性？精
度？
6.
目前的情况会影响多少产品或汽车？（
VIN
编号，影响到的工厂顺序号或日期
/
时间和
班次）
7.
目前在戴姆勒克莱斯勒的工厂中发生率是多少？在供应商工厂内？良品数？不良品
数？
第二步：
-
CONTAINMENT ACTION
临时措施
This section
should identify those actions that “contain” the
problem, ensuring
no
further
defects
are
made
and
the
customer
is
protected
until
permanent
corrective actions are in place, an
example may be to “hold” all suspect stock or
“100% sort” for t
he defect
condition.
这一步应该识别包容问题的那些行动
，保证不再产生进一步的不合格品并保护客户，直到
永久措施有效，例：保持所有可疑库
存或
100%
挑选不合格品。
Containment actions must be
recorded on the standard Containment Instruction
sheet. This instruction must include a
date when the containment must be carried
out until and the relevant approval
signatories as agreement.
临时措施应该记录在标准临时措施指导书中。
作业指导书必须包含临时措施实行的日期直
到相应的批准协议签字生效。
NB: CONTAINMENT ACTIONS MUST
CONTINUE UNTIL CORRECTIVE ACTION HAS
BEEN VERIFIED AND IMPLEMENTED.
临时措施必须一直采取直到纠正措施确认有效并实行。
Problem Effect:
问题的有效性
Specifiy
the number of parts identifed throughout the
containment activity.
说明通过临时措施发现的不合格零件数量
State the the total batch size
inspected etc.
说明检查的整个批次的数量
eg. 5/100
- 5 pcs defective out of 100 pcs
如：
5/100
检查
100
个当中发现
5
个
ROOT
CAUSE ANALYSIS:
根本原因
This section must include
all those actions, or reference to an action plan
stating
analysis to be conducted to
identify and replicate, where necessary, the
problem.
应包括所有的措施，或参考一个行动计划
，这个行动计划列出了针对问题所需要进行的分
析试验，必要的话，应复制再现问题。<
/p>
Different methods can be
employed to identify the root cause - a simple and
oftern
effective way of identifiying
the root cause is to ask WHY, WHY ... 5 times.
确定一个问题根源可以有很多不同的方法
-
一
个简单而有效的方法就是去问
5
次：为什么，为什么。
。
。
。
。
Following identification this
section should include a statement of the root
cause
and state CLOSED in the target
date box when this has been verified.
接
下来这个部分必须包含对问题根源的陈述，以及当原因经过验证确认后，在目标日期的方框中注明“关
闭“
Verification
is
very
important.
It’s
important
to
demonstrate
a
logical
and
analytical approach to verifying the
root cause so the customer understands what
steps have been taken to resolve the
issue.
验证非常重要。
证明一个逻辑分析法能够查出根
本原因是很重要的，
这样客户才能够明白已
经采取了哪些步骤来
解决问题。
Examples:
例如：
-
Physical verification: testing or
showing that we can turn the problem on and
off (this is the best verification)
-
-
实地查
核：
试验或演示我们可以再现问题和解决问题
（这是最好的查证
）
- Logical verification
using is/is-not, cause and effect, etc.
推理验证
，
可以运用是或不是，原因以及后果等等
Additional
sheets should be added to statye actions taken and
draw conclusions
from testes etc.
附加
页要阐述采取的措施，从测试中得到的结论等等
Contribution:
影响：
State the percentage contribution to
the overall problem.
列出所有问题的百分比影响
There maybe a number of contributing
factors in the root cause. If this is the case
estimate the percentage contribution
towards the problem.
一个根本原因下或许有很多的影响因素。
在这种情况下，
估计出对于这个问题影响的百分比。
Note: the Total must always add
to 100%.
注意：总数通常是要加到
100%
No. of Hours:
所需时间
Confirm the number of hours and cost
per hour for the customer containment. If
not
definative
data
is
available
obtain
written
statement
from
the
Customer
detailing estimated containment
duration and cost/hour.