2015_06_03_托福阅读如何读懂三种题型的长难句

A

和

B

选项含有因果关 系

3.

分析原句：原句中

“

因

”

：

1).

大量受到影响的土地

vast areas of land; 2).

大量受到

影响的人口

tremendous

numbers

of

people;

3).

很难去减慢或者颠覆沙漠化过程

reverse or slow the process;

原句中

“

果

”

：沙漠化是一个严重

s erious

的问题；分析

A

选项：< /p>

“

因

”

：

1). reverse process; 2). affect large areas of land; 3). affect great

numbers of people;

“

果

”

：沙漠化是一个

significant

的问 题

<2>

让步转折结构

例题

2 (TPO 17: Animal Signals in the Rain Forest)

：

In the green-to yellow lighting conditions of the lowest levels of the

forest, yellow and green would be

the brightest

colors,

but

when

an

animal is signaling, these colors would not be very visible if the animal

was sitting in an area with a yellowish or greenish background.

7. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the

highlighted sentence

in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning

in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. When an animal is signaling in an area with green-to yellow lighting condition,

its signal will not be visible if the background is brightly lit.

B.

In

the

lowest

levels

of

the forest, an

animal's

signals are

not easily seen

unless there is a yellowish or greenish background.

C. In the green-to-yellow lighting conditions at the lowest levels of the forest,

only signals that are themselves green or yellow will be bright enough to be

seen in most areas.

D. Although green and yellow would be the brightest colors near the forest floor,

these colors would make poor signals whenever the forest background was also

in the green-to- yellow range.

解题步骤：

1.

< br>分析题干，

发现表

转折的逻辑关系词

but

;

前半句

“yellow and green

会是最亮的颜色

在低层森林中

”

；后半句

“

但是如果动物 所处的

background

是

yel low or greenish,

那么

动物发出该种颜色的 信号将不明显

”

2.

分析选项：只有

D

选项含有表

让步转折的逻辑词

although

,

进而分析句意：前半句：

“

虽然

g reen and yellow

在森林底层颜色最亮

”

；后半句：

“

在环境也是

green to yellow

的情况下，这些颜色将是

poor signals”

3.

原句与选项 在句子的

结构上

符合：

转折结构；

在

语义上

符合：

l owest level of the forest

= forest floor

, Not very visible = poor signals

<3>

比较结构

例题

3 (TPO 17: Animal Signals in the Rain Forest)

：

In

the

second

case,

pollinators

(insects,

birds)

obtain

food

from

the

flowering

plant,

and

the

plant

has

its

pollen

distributed

and

seeds

dispersed

much

more

efficiently

than

they

would

be

if

they

were

carried by the wind only.

9. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the

highlighted sentence

in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning

in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. The relationship between flowering plants and pollinators provides pollinators

with food and flowers with efficient reproduction.

B. In some cases birds obtain food from the seeds that are dispersed in the

wind.

C. The wind not only helps the flowers distribute their seeds but enables birds to

find more food.

D. Animals and insects are more effective in distributing pollen and seeds than

the wind.

解题步骤：

1.

< br>分析原句，

原句主要讲

pollinator (insects & birds); plant; wind

这三者之间的关系：

具体来看是在比较对于

plant

来说 ，

pollinator

(insects

&

birds)

要比

wind

more

efficiently

地 帮助其

distribute pollen and disperse seeds,

属于典型的

比较关系

2.

分析选项，首先只有

D