广州中医药大学硕士英语期末题目

1.

Could you please briefly describe the atmosphere that affected the development of early

Chinese medicine?

It was a time of intellectual freedom and political uncertainties, during which

“

the various

schools of thought and their exponents rose in swarms and contended one against another

heatedly.

”

It

was

in

this

atmosphere

that

astronomy,

including

the

calendar,

mathematics,

biology,

geography,

anthropology,

psychology,

and

agricultural

technology

all

began

to

flourish. Meanwhile, the theories of yin-yang and of the five elements, as well as the concept

of

the

vital

essence,

gradually

matured

and

became

extensively

used

to

interpret

natural

phenomena and to express their regularities as laws.

2.

What are the contents of the

Internal Classic

?

The

Internal

Classic

explained

the

laws

of

life

and

the

unity

of

the

body

with

the

natural

world.

It

provided

a

systematic

discussion

of

anatomy

--

the

viscera

and

the

meridians

--

physiology

and

pathology.

It

also

expounded

the

diagnosis,

prevention

and

treatment

of

diseases.

In

deliberately

combining

natural

science

with

philosophy,

the

Internal

Classic

provided a deep interdisciplinary approach toward medicine and medical practice.

3.

Why is the

Classic on Medical Problems

regarded as the initial formation of TCM theory.

It is an important contribution to the development of the basic theory of TCM, especially its

elaboration

of

the

theories

of

pulse

study,

visceral

manifestations,

meridians

and

so

on,

thereby providing a theoretical basis for the principles of treatment and the establishment of

prescriptions.

1.

What are the functions of the

“

fire of the gate of life

”

in maintaining the vitality of metabolic

processes?

Fire of the gate of life assists the heart in its function of housing the mind(shen); it provides

the

warmth

necessary

to

the

spleen

to

transform

and

transport;

it

stimulates

the

small

intestine

function

of

separation;

it

provides

the

heat

necessary

to

the

bladder

and

lower

burner to transform and excrete fluids and it provides the heat necessary for the uterus keep

the blood moving?

2.

What would happen to the physiological processes if the balance between fire and water is

disturbed?

When fire gets out of hand and becomes excessive, it has a tendency to flow upwards; hence

the manifestations will show on the top part of the body and head, with headaches, red eyes,

red

face

or

thirst.

When

water

becomes

excessive,

it

has

a

tendency

to

flow

downwards

causing oedema of the legs, excessive urination or incontinence.

3.

What are the functions of yin and yang organs that are mutually dependent on each other?

The function of the yang organs is to produce qi and blood from the transformation of food.

The function of yin organs is to provide for the yang ones nourishment deriving from blood

and essence stored by the yin organs.

1.

What are the relationships that are not accepted by practitioners of Chinese medicine?

The

relationships

are:

earth

would

correspond

to

the

spleen,

qi,

dampness,

worry,

1

consciousness of possibilities, and faithfulness; wood would correspond to the liver, blood,

wind,

non-corporeal

soul,

and

human

kindness;

water

would

correspond

to

the

kidney,

essence, cold, fear, and the will; fire would correspond to the heart, warmth, elation, heart,

spirit, and propriety, and metal would correspond to the lung, fluids, dryness, corporeal soul,

and righteousness.

2.

What are the two groups of medically useful correspondences of the five elements?

They

are

those

that

make

metaphysical

sense

in

the

Chinese

mode

of

thought,

or

are

construed

to

have

associations

outside

the

body

(often

forced

associations),

and

those

derived from the functions of the organs or from empirical observation.

3.

How

is

the

correspondence

between

metal

and

the

nose

establish

the

different

types

of

correspondence?

The nose is the opening most often affected by diseases of the lung, and the nasal tract is

considered an extension of the lung. Since the lung is associated with meal, the nose is also

given that association.

1.

Why is it difficult to understand the concept of qi?

The concept of qi is difficult to understand because of its multidimensional nature. Qi is an

enigma, for it is both a noun and a verb, just as light may be described as particle and a wave.

2.

How

do

you

understand

the

statement

that

the

foundation

of

our

health

rests

on

the

harmonious integration and balance that qi provides?

Qi dances in our hearts and allows us the full range of our emotions. It stimulates and power

our minds to give us the ability to reason and dream. It integrates the functions of our bodies,

which

themselves

are

the

material

manifestations

of

this

enlivening

force.

Besides,

the

famous

physician

Zhang

Zai

(1020-1077AD)

stated,

“

if

qi

condenses,

its

visibility

becomes

effective and physical form appears.

”

3.

How do you understand the statement that qi has a number of primary forms and functions

that change according to the environment and circumstances that surround it?

Qi is the force propelling the blood through the arteries and veins, yet is the very quality of

that blood itself. It is the air that enters our lungs as we breathe, yet is the energy the lungs

use to inhale and exhale as well as the lung tissue itself.

Unit 5

1.

What are the main signs that reflect

“

disquieted heart spirit?

”

Insomnia,

profuse

dreaming,

heart

vexation

and

heart

palpitations

are

understood

as

the

main signs that reflect

“

disquieted heart spirit.

”

2.

What symptoms will non diffusion of lung qi result in?

Non

diffusion

of

lung

q

will

result

in

nasal

congestion,

a

hoarse

voice,

and

sweating

abnormalities.

3.

Why are the spleen and the stomach associates with the earth phase?

Because

the

earth

phase

is

associated

with

the

season

of

“

long

summer

”

(late

summer),

when

most

grains

and

fruits

are

harvested,

the

spleen

and

the

stomach,

which

harvest

nutrients from food in the digestive tract, naturally became associated with the earth phase.

2

Unit 7

1.

What

’

s the connotation of examination methods in a narrow sense?

In

a

narrow

sense,

examination

methods

refer

primarily

to

the

four

examinations:

visual

examination,

listening

and

smelling

examination,

inquiry

examination

and

palpation

examination.

2.

What do physicians of Chinese medicine inspect the exterior manifestations of disease for?

Any

disharmony

between

qi

and

blood,

yin

and

yang,

zang-organs

and

fu-organs

will

be

reflected on the exterior of the body. Hence, by using inspection examination to investigate

the exterior manifestations of the disease one can deduce its nature.

3.

On what grounds does the author claim that the inspection of the tongue image is especially

important?

On

such

grounds

that

changes

or

abnormalities

in

the

tongue

body

can

reflect

the

circumstances

of

the

zang-fu

organs,

qi

and

blood.

In

other

words,

the

exuberance

and

debility

of

the

right

qi

is

manifested

in

the

tongue

body.

Furthermore,

the

nature

of

the

disease can also be identified from the color of the tongue fur.

1.

What are the six pernicious influences?

The

six

pernicious

influences-heat,

cold,

wind,

dampness,

dryness

and

summer

heat---are

external climatic forces that can invade the body and create disharmony in the mind/ body/

spirit.

2.

What kind of symptoms will present when external cold attacks the human beings?

When external cold attacks the body, acute illness may develop, along with chills, fever and

body aches. When the external cold moves inward and becomes an interior disharmony, it is

associated

with

a

chronic

condition

that

produces

a

pale

face,

lethargy

and

grogginess,

a

craving for heat and a tendency to sleep for longer than usual periods of time.

3.

Would you please give a brief introduction to the pathological characters of heat disorders?

Heat disorders cause overactive yang functions or insufficient yin function. They are generally

associated

with

bodily

heart,

a

red

face,

hyperactively

and

talk-activeness,

fever,

thirst

for

clod

liquids

and

a

rapid

pulse.

Symptoms

include

carbuncles

and

bodied,

dry

mouth

and

thirst. Confused speech and delirium arise when heat attacks the

shen

.

翻译

第

3

章

1.

Archimeds first discover the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies.

阿基米德最先发现固体排水的原理。

2.

There are different ways of changing energy from one form into another.

将能量从一种形式转变成另一种形式有各种不同的方法。

ion

is

an

electro-chemical

process

by

which

a

metal

such

as

mild

steel

returns

to

its

natural state, such as iron oxide or rust.

腐蚀是一种电化的过程，像低碳钢一类的金属， 因腐蚀而回复到自然状态，如氧化铁，即

铁锈。

4.

Hyperventilation

produces

small

decreases

in

blood

pressure

in

normal

subjects

and

large

3

decreases in patients with automatic failure.

过度换气会使正常受试者的血压轻微下降，而患有自律衰竭患者的下 降幅度则较大

5.

Aspirin has been recognized as inhibiting normal platelet functions and the mechanism has

been clearly delineated.

人们发现阿司匹林有抑制正常血小板的功能，而这种机制也已得到清楚的描述。

6.

Traditionally, these tumors have been treated locally, usually with radiation.

照过去的治疗方法，对这些肿瘤一直进行局部治疗，通常是采 用放射疗法。

7.

Terminal is defined here as an irreversible illness that will cause the death of the patient in a

foreseeable time.

临终状态在这里定义为，在可预见的时间里，不可逆转的疾病将导致患者死亡。

< br>

8.

A thrombus may cause sudden closure of the vessel with complete obstruction of the blood

now.

血栓会引起血管突然阻塞，造成血流完全中断。

9.

Obsterics and gynecology are combined in the specialty that deals with pregnancy and birth

and diseases of female reproductive system.

产科与妇科合并处理妊娠、生育及女性生殖系统疾病的专科。

10.

This

observation

has

not

been

confirmed

by

other

trials

employing

long

term

tamoxifen

treatment.

这个观察结果还没被其他使用他莫西酚 进行治疗的实验所证实

。

第

4

章

1. The prevention of sudden cardiac death by long-term administration of antirrhythmic drugs is

based on sound physiological principles.

长期服用抗心律失常药来预防心脏病引起的猝死，是以正确可 靠的生理学原理为依据的。

2.

A careful analysis of the patient’s history shows that urticarial is sort of clinical

clue to viral

hepatitis.

详细分析患者的病史后，就看得出荨麻疹是病毒性肝炎的一种临床线索。

patient has no knowledge of when the first attack occurred.

患者不知道第一次发作是在何时

。

4.

Endocrinology is defined as the study of the ductless or endocrine glands and their internal

secretion.

内分泌学的定义是：研究无管腺或称内 分泌腺及它们的内分泌物的科学。

5.

The patient is beyond help.

这个病人没救了。

6.

This sort of beverage is refreshing and nourishing.

这种饮料提神，养人。

7.

They admitted the feasibility of our treatment.

他们承认我们的治疗方案是可取的。

8.

Treatment of amblyopia must be prompt. Up to the age of about seven a rapid and complete

restoration of vision can be expected within a month.

< br>弱视必须及时治疗。在

7

岁左右以前，视力在一个月内能 够完全迅速恢复。

9.

In the pharynx the only site to be involved in an infection with any frequency , at least in

adults, is the oropharynx.

咽部感染多发生在口腔部，至少在成年人如此。

4