-
有关情绪的英文表达
2009/02/11
情绪(
p>
emotion
)是一种心理(
menta
l
)与生理(
physiological
)的状态,包括许多种的感觉
(
feeling
)
、想法(
thought
)与行为(
behaviour
)
。
它是主观体验(
subjective
experience
)
,
经常与心绪(
mood
)
、生性(
temper
ament
)
、性格(
persona
lity
)与倾向性(
disposition
)联
系在一起。
下面按照字母顺序简要介绍主要的情绪
类型。
每个词下面还有近义词,
按照近义
程度从上往下排列。
accep
tance
:
指一个人感受到某种形式
(
situation
)
或条件
(
condition
)
【
常常是负面的
(
negativ
e
)
或不舒服的(
uncomfort
able
)
】
,但不试图改变(
change
)
、抗议(
protest
)或躲避(
exit
)
。
toleration/sufference
permissiveness/tolerance
aff
ection
:是一种常常与爱(
love
)有关的心态(
disposition
or
state
of
mind
)
,要高于友谊
(
fr
iendship
)或善意(
good will
)
。例如小哥哥亲弟弟的脸来表达
affectio
n
。
affectionatene
ss/philia/warmness/warmheartedness/fondness/tender
ness/heart
:
The child won
everyone's heart. The warmness of his
welcome made us feel right at home.
feeling
:
I
disliked him and the feeling was mutual.
attachment/fond regard
protectiveness
regard/respec
t
:
She mistook his manly
regard for love. He inspires respect.
soft spot
:
She had
a soft spot for her youngest son.
anger
:指愤怒的感觉,强度不等,可以是小的刺激(
irritat
ion
)也可以是狂怒(
rage
)<
/p>
。
ire/choler/wrath/angriness
emotion
fury/rage/madness
:
Hell hath no fury like a woman
scorned. His face turned red with rage.
enragement/infuriation
umbrage/offense/offence
huffiness
hackles/dander
:
Having one's hackles or dander
up
bad temper/ill temper
vexation/annoyance/chafe
ann
oyance
:一种不开心的(
unpleasant
)的精神状态,类似‘恼火’
。如果经常出于这种状
态,那么这种情况叫
petulance
。
botheration/irritation/vexation
mental condition/mental
state/psychological condition/psychological state
bummer
:
Having to
stand in line so long was a real bummer.
huff/miff/seeing red
pinprick
impatience/restlessness
snit
:
He was in a
snit.
vexation/chafe
anger/ire/choler
temper/irri
tation/pique
:
His temper
sparked like damp firewood.
frustration
:
Her
constant complaints were the main source of his
frustration.
aggravation/exasperation <
/p>
harassment/torment
:
So great was his harassment that he wanted to
destroy his tormentors.
displeasure
apathy
:也叫
impassivity
或
perfunctoriness
,
是一种无所谓(
indifference
)的心态,或者压<
/p>
抑自己的其它强烈情绪的状态。对很多事情缺乏兴趣(
inter
est
)或关注(
concern
)<
/p>
,也可能
是一种慵懒(
sluggish
ness
)或不敏感(
insensibility
)
。例如,战争过后人们对死亡伤残的现
象变得相
对无动于衷。
emotionlessness/impas
siveness/phlegm/stolidity/unemotionality/indiffere
nce
listlessness/languor/lassitude
spiritlessness/numbness/
passivity/passiveness
anxiet
y
:一种不愉快的感觉,
可能是因为恐惧
(
fear
)
、
不安
(
uneasiness
)<
/p>
或担忧(
worry
)
< br>,
类似‘焦虑’
。它也是对压力(
stress
)的正常反应。例如面临考试的时候。
anxiousness
castration
anxiety
hypochondria/hypochondriasis
overanxiety
scare/panic
discomfiture/discomposure/disconcertion/dis
concertment
worry/trouble
concern/fear/scare
disquiet
insecurity
disquietude/edgin
ess/inquietude/uneasiness
sinking
feeling/sinking
misgiving/qualm/scruple
jitteriness/jumpiness/nervousness/resti
veness
angst
awe
:
是一种并不那么令人愉快的(
joyous
)的惊异(
wonder
)
,带有畏惧(
< br>fearful
)与尊敬
(
re
spectful
)
。通常指面对力量强大的事物。例如在雷鸣
般奔流而下的大瀑布或高耸的吉萨
金字塔面前人们会感觉到
aw
e
,但在彩虹面前人们通常感受的是
wonder
或
joy
。
wonder/wonderment/admiration
reverence/veneration/fear
bo
redom
:在没事儿可做或者周围的事物毫无兴趣的时候人们的感觉,类似‘无聊’<
/p>
。
ennui/tedium
dissatisfaction
blahs
fatigue
compassion
:
是一种比较深沉的
(
profou
nd
)
的人类情感,
通常由别人的痛苦
(
pain
)
引起,
也是利他行为
(
altruis
m
)
的原因之一。
这与孔子所说的
p>
‘恕’
【己所不欲勿施于人
(
do to others
as you would have
done to you
)
】类似。比
empathy
层次高。
compassionateness
heartstrings
fellow
feeling/sympathy
tenderheartedness/tenderness
mercifulness/mercy
pity
contempt
:指认为某人或某物低贱(
i
nferior/base
)或毫无价值(
worthless
)的感觉或态度
(
attitude<
/p>
)
,与
scorn
类似。它大致相当于‘看不起’与‘藐视’
。
dispite/disdain/scorn
dislike
disrespect
rudeness/discourtesy
fleer
leer/sneer
disobedience/noncompliance
contempt of court
curiosity<
/p>
:
指会引发探索性
(
inquisitive
)
行为的情感,
< br>例如探索
(
exploration
)
、
调查
(
investigation
)
与学习(
learning
)
,相当于‘好奇’
。
wonder
desire
to know/lust for learning/thirst for knowledge
interest/involvement
curiousness/inquisitiveness
depression
:
包括悲伤
(<
/p>
sadness
)
、
无助
(
helplessness
)
、
无望
(
h
opeless
)
、
无趣
(
loss of interest
)
、
不快乐(
loss of pleasure<
/p>
)以及其它相关的情绪与行为,类似‘压抑’或‘抑郁’
。它对身
体
有害并可能影响大脑功能。极端情况可能导致自杀(
suic
ide
)
。
melancholia
blue
devils/megrims/vapors/vapours/blues
blue funk/funk
:
He
was in a funk.
melancholy
slough of despond
low
spirits
dejection
sadness/unhappiness
demoralisation/demoralization
helplessness
despondence/des
pondency/disconsolateness/heartsickness
oppressiveness/oppression
dysphoria
desire
:
也叫
craving
或
hankering
,
指对某人或某物或某个结果的渴
望
(
longing
)
或希望
(
hoping
)
p>
。
想到该对象就会兴奋,有采取行动的冲动。类似‘欲念’
。
ambition/aspiration/dream
bloodlust
temptation
craving
wish/wishing/want
longing/yearning/hungriness
concupiscence/physical
attraction/sexual desire/eros
itch/urge
caprice/whim/impulse
tendency/inclination
hunger/thirst/thirstiness/hungriness
greed
despair
:也叫<
/p>
hopelessness
,指无望。
desperation
hopelessness
resignation/surrender
discouragement/disheartenment/dismay
pessimism
disappointment
:
指期待
(
expec
tation
)
落空后的不满足感
(<
/p>
dissatisfaction
)
。<
/p>
与
regret
类似,
< br>但
regret
主要指对造成不佳结果的个人选择而言,
而
disappointment
是对
结果而言的。
类似
‘失望’
。
letdown
dissatisfact
ion
:
He was never slow to
express his dissatisfaction with the service he
received.
frustration/defeat
disgust
:通常是对不干净(
unclean
)
、不能吃的(
inedible
)
、传染性(
infectious
)或其它令
人反感(
offending
)的事物的反应。类似‘恶心’
。
dislike
detes
tation/execration/loathing/abhorrence/abomination/
odium
repugnance/revulsion/repulsion/horror
nausea
ecstasy
:指全
身心投入(
total
involvement
)的一种感受,以致于忽略了其它事情。通常短
暂,一般用来谈论宗教、音乐
、舞蹈与性等方面的感受。
exaltation/rapture/raptus/transport
bliss/blissfulness/cloud nine/seventh
heaven/walking on air
empathy
:
指分享
(
share
)
与理解
(
underst
and
)
他人情绪的能力。
常指为他人
着想
(
put oneself
into another's
shoes
)
。
fellow feeling/sympathy
envy
:也叫
invidiousness
,
但一个人缺少另一个人的更好状态(
superior
qua
lity
)
、成绩
(
< br>achievement
)或拥有物(
possessi
on
)时的一种感受,可能希望获得同样的东西,也可能
希望他
人失去更好的东西,类似‘嫉妒’
。但和
jealous
不同,后者主要指认为本应自己获得
而被他人得到的感受。
enviousness
bitternes
s/rancor/rancour/resentment/gall
covetousness
green-eyed
monster/jealousy
penis envy
invidia
embarrassment
:指不被社会接受的行为或状况被别人发现或揭露时的感受。一般会造成荣
誉(
honour
)与尊严(
dignit
y
)的丧失。与
shame
类似,但后
者可以是在只有自己知道的情
况下。
shame
self-
consciousenss/uncomfortableness/uneasiness
shamefacedness/sheepishness
chagrin/mortification/humiliation
discombobulation/confusion
abashment/bashfulness
discom
fiture/discomposure/disconcertion/disconcertment
euphoria
:一种极度的【夸
张的(
exaggerated
)
】开
心(
elation
)与幸福(
wel
l-being
)
。例如
运动员获得冠
军的感受或者性高潮(
orgasm
)
,类似‘极乐’
。
fear
:是对威胁(
threat
)或危险(
danger
)的反应,类似‘恐惧’
。
fearfulness/fright
alarm/consternation/dismay
creeps
:
He gives
me the creeps.
frisson/quiver/shudder/t
ingle/chill/thrill/shiver
:
A
frisson of surprise shot through him.
horror
hysteria
affright/panic/terror
panic
attack/scare
stage fright
apprehension/apprehensiveness/dread
timidity/timidness/timorousness
intimidation
cold sweat
concern/care
anxiety
frustration
:在达成个人目标(
pers
onal
goal
)收到阻碍(
ob
structed
)时的感受,类似‘挫
折感’
。
defeat
disappointment/letdown
vexation/annoyance/chafe
gra
titude
:也叫
thankfulness
或
appreciation
,是对得到或即将得到好
处(
benefit
)的感受,
类似‘
感激’
。
appreciative
ness/gratefulness/thankfulness
grief
:是对损失(
loss
)的一种多角度(
p>
multi-faceted
)的感受。例如面对爱人的死亡。
p>
Bereavement
指损失的状态,而
grief
指对损失的反应。
brokenheartedness/heartache/heartbreak
sorrow
dolor/dolour
< br>guilt
:指认识到(
realise
)或相信自己违反了道德规范(
moral
stan
dard
)或对此有责任
(
respo
nsible
)
,相当于‘内疚’
。与
remorse
类似。
guiltiness
blameworthiness/c
ulpability/culpabaleness
bloodguilt
complicity
criminalism/criminality/criminalness
guilt by association
impeachability/indictability
guilt feelings/guilt trip/guilty
conscience
compunction/remorse/self-
reproach
survivor guilt
happ
iness
:指满足(
contentment
)
、满意(
satisfaction
)
、开心(
pleasure
)与快乐(
joy
)的
心态,类似‘幸
福’
。
felicity
beatification/beatitude/blessedness
radiance
bonheur
gladfulness/gladness/gladsomeness
gaiety/merriment
rejoicing
belonging
:
With
his classmates, he feels a sense of belonging.
blitheness/cheerfulness
:
His cheerfulness made everyone feel better.
contentment
hatred
:也叫
hate
,指强烈的不喜欢(
dislike
)
,类似‘恨’或‘讨厌’
。
hatred
detest
ation/execration/loathing/abhorrence/abomination/o
dium
dispisal/dispising
ill
will/enmity/hostility
malevolence/malignity
hope
p>
:是相信会有积极的结果(
outcome
)出现,类似‘希望’
。
anticipation/expectancy
hopefulness
expectation/outlook/prospect
rainbow
:
Chasing
rainbows.
horror
:
指在看到、
听到或感觉到某种令人恐惧的事物之后的一种反感
(
repulsion
)
,
而
terror
一般指在令人恐惧的(
horrifying
)经历发生前的害怕(
dre
ad
)与期待(
anticipation
)
。或者
说,
horror
与震惊
(
shocked
)
或吓坏
(
scared
)
有关,
而
terro
r
与焦虑
(
anxious
)
与畏惧
(
fearfu
l
)
有关。
fear/fearfulness/fright
repugnance/revulsion/repulsion
disgust
hostility
:
也叫
inimicality
,
p>
指内心的拒绝
(
rejection
)
与否认
(
deni
al
)
,
通常是
anger
与
aggression
的同义词,类似‘敌意’
。
ill
will
unfriendliness
virulence/virulency
antagonism/enmity
latent
hostility/tension
:
He could
sense her latent hostility to him. The diplomats'
first concern
was to reduce
international tensions.
state of
war/war
cold war
suspicion
:
He
tried to shield me from suspicion.
animosity/animus/bad blood
class feeling
aggression/aggressiveness
belligerence/belligerency
bi
tterness/rancor/rancour/resentment/gall
hysteria
:指无法控制的(
unmanageable
)恐惧或者过度的情绪,汉语译为‘
歇斯底里’
。
delirium/frenzy/fury/craze
nympholepsy
manic
disorder/mania
epidemic hysteria/mass
hysteria
fear/fearfulness/fright
joy
:一种幸福感。
joyfulness/joyousness
high
spirits/lightness/elation
exultation/ju
bilance/jubilancy/jubilation
excitement
/exhilaration
:
He could
hardly conceal his excitement when she agreed.
exuberance
delight/pleasure
jealousy
:在很重要的(
va
lued
)关系(
relationship
< br>)被对手(
rival
)威胁时产生的不安全感
(
insecurity
)
、恐惧与焦虑。与
envy
对比,它一般指已经拥有的东西
,而
envy
指还没有的
东西。
green-eyed monster
enviousness/envy
alertness/v
igilance/watchfulness/wakefulness
loath
ing
:一种恨或讨厌的感受。
ab
horrence/detestation/execration/odium/abomination
disgust
hate/hatred
< br>love
:强烈的喜欢(
affection
)与依赖(
attachment
)
,类似‘爱’或‘喜爱’
。
adoration/worship
agape
love/agape
filial love
ardor/ardour
amorousness/enamoredness
calf love/puppy love/infatuation/crush
devotedness/devotion
benevolence
heartstrings
caring/lovingness
pity
:
对人或动物的痛苦的一种温柔的、
有时候有点儿看
不起的悲悯
(
sorrow and
empathy
)
。
commiseration/pathos/ruth
fellow feeling/sympathy
compassion
mercifulness/mercy
pride
:对自我价值很高的感觉,或者考虑相关事务时的感觉,类似‘自豪’
。
它是对自身优
秀方面的一种喜爱。反义词是
humility<
/p>
。
pridefulness
dignity/self-regard/self-respect/self-
worth
:
It was beneath his
dignity to cheat.
self-esteem/self-
pride
ego/self-importance/egotism
amourpropre/conceit/self-love/vanity
civic pride/civic spirit
satisfaction
superbia
rage
:是最强烈的愤怒;最轻微的愤怒是
ann
oyance
。
fury/madness
anger/ire/choler
wrath
lividity
angriness
regret
:是对过去行为的一种不喜欢。
ruefulness/sorrow/rue
sadness/unhappiness
contriteness/contrition/attrition
compunction/remorse/self-reproach
remorse
:指人对自己认为丢人的(
sha
meful
)
、有伤害性的(
hurt
ful
)或暴力的(
violent
)
行为的一种后悔。一个不知道
remorse
< br>的人在美国叫
sociopath
,在英国叫
psychopath
。
compunction/self-reproach
regret/ruefulness/sorrow/rue
guilt feelings/guilt trip/guilty
conscience/guilt
penance/penitence/repentance
resentment
:也叫
rancour
或
ranklement
,是一种反复出现的(
repeated
)
、对错误(
wrong
)
的一种愤怒或苦恼(
< br>bitterness
)
。
bitterness/rancor/rancour/gall
ill will/enmity/hostility
heartburning
:
His
promotion caused much heartburning among his
rivals.
huffishness/sulkiness
grievance/grudge/score
:
Hol
ding a grudge. Settling a score.
enviousness/envy
sadness
:
面对不利
(
disa
dvantage
)
、
损失或无助的感
受。
人会变安静
(
quiet
)
、
没有活力
(
less
energetic
)并逃避(<
/p>
withdrawn
)
。反义词是
happiness
。
unhappiness
dolefulness
heaviness
:
Nothing
lifted the heaviness of her heart after her loss.
melancholy
misery
:
She was
exhausted by her misery and grief.
forlornness/loneliness/desolation
tearfulness/weepiness
sorrow
/sorrowfulness
:
He tried to
express his sorrow for her loss. He drank to drown
his sorrows.
regret/ruefulness/rue
:
He wrote a note to express his
regret. To his rue, the error cost him the
game.
cheerlessness/uncheerfulness
depression
dejectedness/disp
iritedness/downheartedness/low-
spiritedness/lowness
:
He felt
responsible for
her lowness of spirits.
bereavement/mourning
poignan
ce/poignancy
:
A moment of
extraordinary poignancy.
lugubriousness/gloominess
sh
ame
:违反文化或社会标准后的感觉,本意是‘遮盖’
,指捂
住脸,即使谁都不知道,一
个人也可能感到
ashamed
p>
。但
guilt
是指违反了自己心中的道德
标准,所以即使他人赞同,
一个人也有可能感到
guilt
p>
。
conscience
:
He has
no conscience about his cruelty.
self-
disgust/self-hatred
embarrassment
disgrace/ignominy
dishonor/d
ishonour
:
He was resigned to
a life of dishonor.
humiliation
obloquy/opprobrium
odium
reproach
suffering
:
也叫
pain
,
< br>指面对伤害
(
harm
)
或有伤害威胁的一种反感或不快,
可以是肉体的,
也可以是精神的。类似‘痛苦’
。
excruciation/agony
hurting/pain
throe
woe
miserableness/misery/wre
tchedness
:
The misery and
wretchedness of those slums is intolerable.
distress
:
The
death of his wife cause him great distress.
painfulness
anguish/torture/torment
self-torment/self-torture
tsoris
wound
:
He feared
that mentioning it might reopened the wound.
discomfort/soreness/irritation
< br>surprise
:对意外(
unexpected
p>
)事件的感受,可以是愉快的、中性点或不愉快的。
amazement/astonishment
:
He looked at me in astonishment.
alteration/change/modification
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇:国际关系词汇及翻译
下一篇:2010年考研英语一真题及参考答案解析