高考阅读真题

2015

年高考英语阅读理解题及答案

(9

套

)

Our brains work in complex and strange are some people who can calculate the day

of the week for any given date in 40,000 years, but who cannot add two plus can

perform

complex

classical

piano

pieces

after

hearing

them

once,

but

they

cannot

read

or write.

Down first described this condition in called these people idiot idiot

savant

is

a

person

who

has

significant

mental

impairment

(

损伤

)

,

such

as

in

autism

(

孤独症，自闭症

) or the same time, the person also exhibits some extraordinary

skills, which are unusual for most skills of the savant may vary from being

exceptionally gifted in music or in mathematics, or having a photographic memory.

One

of

the

first

descriptions

of

a

human

who

could

calculate

quickly

was

written

in 1789 by Rush, an American patient, Thomas Fuller, was brought to Virginia as

a

slave took

Thomas

only

90

seconds

to

work

out

that

a

man

who

has

lived

70

years,

17

days,

and

12

hours

has

lived

2,210,500,800 this

ability,

he

died

in

1790

without

ever learning to read or write.

Another idiot

savant

slave

became famous

as

a

pianist

in

the

Tom

had

a

vocabulary of only 100 words, but he played 5 ,000 musical pieces beautifully.

In

the excellent

movie Rain

Man,

made

in 1988 and available on video cassette,

Dustin Hoffman plays an idiot savant who amazes his brother played by Tom Cruise,

with his ability to perform complex calculations very rapidly.

Today

we

more

clearly

recognize

that

the

idiot

savant

is

special

because

of

brain

not all brain impairment leads to savant studies have shown that people who have

purposeful

interruption

of

the

left

side

of

the

brain

can

develop

idiot

savant few

people wish to participate in such are many excellent reasons for not undergoing

unnecessary

experimentation

on one's

term idiot

savant

is

outdated

and

all

savants have a high degree of intelligence and are thus not idiots.

does the passage mainly talk about?

savants have areas of outstanding abilities.

Beings have complicated thinking process.

brains of the idiot savants are partly impaired.

reasons why people have wonderful skills vary.

of the following can be done by Rain Man?

can play wonderful pieces of classical music.

can guess out exactly the length of a man's life.

can memorize the contents of the pictures fast.

can count matches dropped on the floor quickly.

can you infer from the passage?

savants have real talents for art and math.

is the first person who found idiot savants.

people wish to risk becoming savants by brain operations.

left brain impairments will surely lead to idiot savants.

of the following shows the structure of the passage?

答案：

72

—

75 ADCB

Laws that would have ensured pupils from five to 16 received a full financial

education

got

lost

in

the

‘

wash

up

’

.

An

application

is

calling

on

the

next

government

to bring it back.

At

school

the

children

are

taught

to

add

up

and

subtract(< /p>

减

法

)

but,

extraordinarily, are not routinely shown how to open a bank account

—

let alone

how to manage their finances in an increasingly complex and demanding world.

Today the parenting website Mumsnet and the consumer campaigner Martin Lewis

have joined forces to launch an online application to make financial education a

compulsory element of the school curriculum in England. Children from five to 16

should

be

taught

about

everything

from

pocket

money

to

pensions,

they

say.

And

that

was exactly

the plan preserved

in the Children,

Schools and

Families

bill that was

shelved by the government in the so-called

“

wash- up

”

earlier this month

—

the

rush to legislation before parliament was dismissed. Consumer and parent groups

believe financial education has always been one of the most frustrating omissions

of the curriculum.

As the Personal Finance Education Group (Pfeg) points out, the good habits of

young children do not last long. Over 75% of seven- to 11-year-olds are savers but

by the time they get to 17, over half of them are in debt to family and friends.

By this age, 26% see a credit card or overdraft(

透支

) as a way of extending their

spending power. Pfeg predicts that these young people will

“

find it much harder

to avoid the serious unexpected dangers that have befallen many of their parents'

generation unless they receive good quality financial education while at school.

”

The

UK

has

been

in

the

worst

financial

recession(

衰退

)for

generations.

It

does

seem

odd

that

—

unless

parents

step

in

—

young

people

are

left

in

the

dark

until

they are cruelly introduced to the world of debt when they turn up at university.

In

a

recent

poll

of

over

8,000

people,

97%

supported

financial

education

in

schools,

while 3% said it was a job for parents.

61. The passage is mainly about _____________.

A. how to manage school lessons

B. how to deal with the financial crisis

C. teaching young people about money

D. teaching students how to study effectively

62. It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that __________.

A. the author complains about the school education

B. pupils should not be taught to add up and subtract

C. students have been taught to manage their finances

D. laws on financial education have been effectively carried out

63. The website and the consumer campaigner joined to _________.

A. instruct the pupils to donate their pocket money

B. promote the connection of schools and families

C. ask the government to dismiss the parliament

D. appeal for the curriculum of financial education

64. According to Pfeg, ___________.

A. it is easy to keep good habits long

B. teenagers spend their money as planned

C. parents are willing to pay the debt for their kids

D. it will be in trouble if the teenagers are left alone

65. A poll is mentioned to ___________.

A. stress the necessity of the curriculum reform

B. show the seriousness of the financial recession

C. make the readers aware of burden of the parents

D. illustrate some people are strongly against the proposal

答案：

61-65 CADDA

uropeans

should

try

to

stay

indoors

if

ash

from

Iceland's

volcano

starts

settling,

the World Health Organization warned Friday as small amounts fell in Iceland,

Scotland and Norway.

WHO spokesman Daniel Epstein said the microscopic(

微小的

) ash is potentially

dangerous for people when it starts to reach the Earth because inhaled(

吸入

)

particles can enter the lungs and cause respiratory problems. And he also said

Europeans who go outside might want to consider wearing a mask.

Other experts, however, weren't convinced the volcanic ash would have a major

effect on peoples' health and said WHO's warnings were

volcanic ash was much less dangerous than cigarette smoke or pollution. Volcanic

ash

is

made

of

fine

particles

of

fragmented

volcanic

rock.

It

is

light

gray

to

black

and can be as fine as talcum powder. During a volcanic eruption, the ash can be

breathed deep into the lungs and cause irritation even in healthy

people. But once

it falls from a greater distance

—

like from the cloud currently hovering above

Europe

—

its health effects are often minimal, experts say.

respiratory

toxicology

at

the

University

of

Edinburgh,

the

great

scheme

of

things,

volcanic ash is not all that harmful.

volcanic ash would be negligible and that only those in the near districts of the

Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk.

Dr.

Stephen

Spiro,

a

professor

of

respiratory

medicine

and

deputy

chair

of

the

British

Lung

Foundation,

said

the

further

the

particles

travel,

the

less

dangerous

they will be.

heard of any ill effects there,

to avoid volcanic ash was

60. The text is mainly about .

A. the effect of volcanic ash

B. the health risk of volcanic ash

C. the disadvantages of volcanic ash

D. the opinions on health risk of volcanic ash

61. Which one is true according to Paragraph3?

A. The volcanic ash

’

s effects on Europeans were little.

B. The ash caused irritation even in healthy people.

C. Other experts thought WTO

’

S warnings were useful.

D. The volcanic ash was more dangerous than cigarette smoke or pollution.

62. The underlined word

“

hysterical< /p>

”

in Paragraph4 most probably means .

A. amazing B. practical C. valuable D. overstated

63. What can we learn from the passage?

A. The volcanic ash wouldn

’

t be harmful to people.

B. All experts thought the volcanic ash did great harm to our health.

C.

People

close

to

the

volcano

would

likely

be

at

risk

according

to

some

experts.

D. Europeans should stay indoors because Iceland's volcano starts settling.

答案：

.

主旨大意题。

< br>本文主要就火山灰对人的健康的危害问题世卫组织和其他专家给出不同

观点。

A

太笼统

;B

不能 体现不同的观点

;C

与文章内容无关

; D

符合题意。

61. A.

细节理解题。第三段 最后一句可知

A

是正确的

;

During a volcanic

eruption

……

in healthy people.

可知

B

错误

;

由第三段中

Other experts, however,

weren't convinced

……

cigarette smoke or pollution

可排除

C D

。

62. D.

词义猜测题。由上文中

volcanic ash is not all that harmful

和下文中

only

those in the near vicinity of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk

可知

D

正确

,

夸大的，言过其实的。

.

由第三段

But once it falls from a greater distance

…

.. effects are often

minimal

和第四段中

only those in the near vicinity of the Icelandic volcano would

likely be at risk

以及第五段中

the further the particles travel, the more diluted

and less dangerous they will be

可知

C

正确。

ABD

观点表达绝对。

Fear and its companion pain are two of the most useful things that man and animals

possess if they are used. If fire didn

’

t hurt when it burned, children would play

with

it

until

their

hands

were

burned

away.

Similarly,

if

pain

existed

but

fear

didn

’

t,

a

child

could

burn

itself

again

and

again

because

fear

would

not

warn

it

to

keep

away from the fire that had burnt it before. A really fearless soldier

—

and some

do exist

—

is not a good soldier because he is soon killed; and a dead soldier is

of

no

use

to

his

army.

Fear

and

pain

are

therefore

two

guards

without

which

man

and

animals might soon die out.

In

our

first

sentence

we

suggested

that

fear

ought

to

be

properly

used.

If,

for

example,

you

never

go

out

of

your

house

because

of

the

danger

of

being

knocked

down

and killed in the street by a car, you are letting fear rule you too much. The

important

thing

is

not

to

let

fear

rule

you,

but

instead,

to

use

fear

as

your

servant

and guide. Fear will warn you of dangers; then you have to decide what action to

take.

In many cases, you can take quick and successful action to avoid the danger.

For example, you see a car coming straight towards you; fear warns you, you jump

out of the way, and all is well.

In

some

cases,

however,

you

decide

that

there

is

nothing

that

you

can

do

to

avoid

the danger. For example, you cannot prevent an airplane crashing into your house,

and you may not want to go and live in a desert where there are no airplanes. In

this

case,

fear

has

given

you

its

warning,

you

have

examined

it

and

decided

on

your

course of action, so fear of the particular danger is no longer of any use to you,

and you have to try to overcome it.

60.

Children

would

play

with

fire

until

their

hands

are

burnt

away

if

_________.

A.

they

were

not

well

educated

at

school

B.

they

had

never

played

with

fire

before

C. they had no sense of pain D. they were fearful of pain

61. People sometimes succeed in timely avoiding danger because _________.

A. they have gained experience B. they are warned of the danger and take quick

action

C. they jump out of the way in time D. they are calm in face of danger

62. What is implied but not stated in the passage?

A. Too much fear is harmful B. Fear is always something helpful

C . Fear is something that can be avoided

D. Fear ought to be used as our guide in our life

63. The best title for this passage should be __________.

A. No Pains, No Gains B. Pain and Actions

C. The Value of Fear D . The Reason Why People Fear

答案：

60

—

63

CBAC

Imagine

a

mass

of

floating

waste

is

two

times

the

size

of

the

state of Texas. Texas has a land area of more than 678 000 square kilometers. So

it might be difficult to imagine anything twice as big.

All together, this mass of waste flowing in the North Pacific Ocean is known

as

the

Great

Pacific

Ocean

Garbage

Patch.

It

weighs

about

3

500

000

tons.

The

waste

includes bags

，

bottles and containers

—

plastic products of all kinds.

The eastern part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch is about l 600

kilometers

west

of

California.

The

western

part

is

west

of

the

Hawaiian

Islands

and

east of Japan. The area has been described as a kind of oceanic desert

，

with light

winds

and

slow

moving

water

currents.

The

water

moves

so

slow

that

garbage

from

all

over the world collects there.

In recent years

，

there have been growing concerns about the floating garbage

and

its

effect

on

sea

creatures

and

human

health.

Scientists

say

thousands

of

animals

get

trapped

in

the

floating

waste

，

resulting

in

death

or

injury.

Even

more

die

from

a

lack

of

food

or

water

after

swallowing

pieces

of

plastic.

The

trash

can

also

make

animals feel full

，

lessening their desire to eat or drink.

The floating garbage also can have harmful effects on people. There is an

increased

threat

of

infection

of

disease

from

polluted

waste

，

and

from

eating

fish

that swallowed waste. Divers can also get trapped in the plastic.

Its

existence

first

gained

public

attention

in

l997.

That

was

when

racing

boat

captain

and

oceanographer

Charles

Moore

and

his

crew

sailed

into

the

garbage

while

returning from a racing event. Five years earlier

，

another oceanographer learned

of

the

trash

after

a

shipment

of

rubber

duckies

got

lost

at

sea.

Many

of

those

toys

are now part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch.

In

August

，

2009

，

a

team

from

the

University

of

California

，

San

Diego

became

the

latest

group

to

travel

to

it.

They

were

shocked

by

the

amount

of

waste

they

saw.

They gathered hundreds of sea creatures and water samples to measure the garbage

patch

’

s effect on ocean environment.

did the writer introduce the topic of the passage?

A. By giving an example. B. By listing the facts.