-
字母音标教学
1
、字母的分类:
元音字母:
Aa
Ee
Ii
Oo
Uu
辅音字母:
Bb
Cc
Dd
Ff
Gg
Hh
Jj
Kk
Ll
Mm
Nn
Pp
Qq
Rr
Ss
Tt
Vv
Ww
Xx
Zz
半元音字母:
Yy
2
、字母自身的音素
字母
音素
字母
音素
字母
音素
字母
音素
Aa
[ei]
Hh
[eit
?
]
Oo
[
?
u]
Uu
[ju:]
Bb
[bi:]
Ii
[ai]
Pp
[pi:]
Vv
[vi:]
Cc
[si:]
Jj
[d
?
ei]
Qq
[kju:]
Ww
[’d
?
blju:]
Xx
[eks]
Yy
[wai]
Zz
[zed]
Rr
[
ɑ
:]
Ss
[es]
Tt
[ti:]
Kk
[kei]
Ll
[el]
Mm
[em]
Nn
[en]
Dd
[di:]
Ee
[i:]
Ff
[ef]
Gg
[d
?
i:]
二、国际音标
英语音标发音表
英语国际音标共
p>
48
个音素,其中元音音素
20
个,辅音音素
28
个。
国际音标(英语语音)
前元音
单元音
元音
中元音
后元音
开合双元音
双元音
集中双元音
清辅音
爆破音
浊辅音
清辅音
摩擦音
浊辅音
辅音
破擦音
浊辅音
鼻音
舌则音
半元音
[i:]
[
?
]
[u:]
[ei]
[i
?
]
[p]
[b]
[f]
[v]
[t
?
]
[d
?
]
[m]
[l]
[w]
[i]
[
?
:]
[u]
[ai]
[
ε
?
]
[t]
[d]
[s]
[z]
[tr]
[dr]
[n]
[r]
[j]
[e]
[
?
]
[
?
:]
[
?
i]
[u
?
]
[k]
[g]
[
?
]
[
?
]
[ts]
[dz]
[
?
]
[?]
[
?
]
[
?
u]
[
θ
]
[?]
[a:]
[au]
[h]
清辅音
(浊辅音)
(浊辅音)
(浊辅音)
英
语
国
际
音
标
训
练
材
料
音标
/i:/
/i/
/e/
/?/
/
?
:/
/
?
/
/a:/
/u:/
/u/
/
?
/
/
?
:/
/
?
/
/ei/
/
?
u/
/ai/
/au/
/
?
i/
/i
?
/
/ε?
/
/u
?
/
英
语
字
母
或
单
词
例
子
E/i:/he /hi:/
key /ki:/
three
/θri:/ m
eet/mi:t/
it /it/
is /iz/
list /list/
his /hiz/
six
/siks/
egg/eg/
red/red/
bed /bed/ pen
/pen/ seven/sev
?
n/ well/wel/
spell/spel/
am/?m/
bag/b?g/
map/m?p/
black/bl?k/
ja
p>
cket/′d
?
?kit/
four
/f
?
:/
ball/b
?
:l/
horse/h
?
: s/
saw/s
?
:/
course/k
?
:s/
dog/d
?
g/ o
range/′
?
rind
?
/
what
/w
?
t/
clock /kl
?
k/
are /a:/ card
/ka:d/
last/la:st/
blue /blu:/
ru
ler /′ru:l?
/
to /tu:/
two /tu:/
food/fu:d/
good /gud/
book /buk/ look/luk/
put/put/
would/wud/
could/kud/
co
lor/′k
?
l
?
/ bus/b
?
s/
but/b
?
t/
love/l
?
v/
bro
ther/′br
?
?
?
/
mo
ther/′m
?
?
?
/
girl /g
?
:l/
her
/h
?
:/
first/f
?
:st/
ruler
/′ru:l?
/ co
lor
/′k
?
l
?
/
better/bet
?
/
never/nev
?
/
welcome/welk
?
m/
A/ei/ name/neim/ cake/keik/
Dale /deil/
eight/eit/
case/keis/
O/
?
u/
OK /
?u′kei/
kn
ow
/n
?
u/
no/n
?
u/
home/h
?
um/
hope/h
?
up/
I/ai/
my/mai/
hi/hai/ nice/nais/
five/faiv/ fine/fain/ white/wait/
how/hau/
about/
?′baut/
out/aut/
house/haus/
boy/b
?
i/
toy
/t
?
i/
noise/n
?
iz/
voice/v
?
is/
point/p
?
int/
coin/k
?
in/
ear/i
?
/
耳朵
here/hi
?
/
dear
/di
?
/
near/ni
?
/
idea
/ai′di?
/
hear/hi
?
/
chair
/t
?
ε?
/
air
/ε?
/
tear
/tε?
/
care
/kε?
/
fair
/fε?
/
there
/?ε?
/
tour/tu
?
/
poor/pu
?
/
sure/
?
u
?
/
英
语
国
际
音
标
训
练
材
料
音标
/p/
/b/
/t/
/d/
/k/
/g/
/f/
/v/
/θ/
/?
/
/s/
/z/
/t
?
/
/d
?
/
/tr/
/dr/
/
?
/
/
?
/
/ts/
/dz/
/h/
英
语
字
母
或
单
词
例
子
pen /pen/
map/m?p/ cap/k?p/
please /pli:z/
bag /b?g/
book/buk/
bee/bi:/
by/bai/
black/bl?k/
b
ear/bε?
/
what
/w
?
t/
quilt/kwilt/
list/list/
dog/d
?
g/
good /gud/ led/led/
sad/s?d/
feed/fi:d/
do/du:/
dear/di
?
/
key/ki:/
book
/buk/
clock/kl
?
k/
bag /b?g/
good
/gud/ girl /g
?
:l/
five/faiv/
fine/fain/
four/f
?
:/
f
amily
/′f?m?
li/
five/faiv/
have /h?v/
love/l
?
v/
v
ery/′veri/
th
ank/θ??k/
th
ree /θri:/
sou
th
/sauθ/
ba
th
/ba:θ/
th
ick/θik/
this
/?
is/ that/?
?t/ broth
er/′br
?
?
?
/ the/?
?
/
they/?
ei/
fath
er
/′fa:??
/
spell/spel/
face
/feis/
(脸)
mouse/maus/
z
ero
/′zi?
r
?
u/
close/kl
?
uz/
keys/ki:z/
boys/b
?
iz/
pens/penz/
chair
/t
?
ε?
/
chess /t
?
es/
(棋)
lunch/l
?
nt
?
/
teach
er /′ti:
t
?
?
/
orange/
′
?
< br>rind
?
/
j
acket/′d
?
?k
it/
Jack/d
?
?k/
large/la:d
?
/
juice/d
?
u:s/
tree/tri:/
(树)
try/trai/
truck/tr
?
k/
true/tru:/
tr
ouble/′tr
?
bl/
track/tr?k/
dry/drai/(
使
…
变干
)
dream/dri:m/ dress/dres/ dr
ink/dri?k/ h
un
dr
ed/′h
?
ndrid/
she/
?
i:/
fish/fi
?
/
English
/′i?gli
?
/ sh
arpener/′
?
a:p
?
n
?
/
shoe/
?
u:/
pleas
ure/′ple
?
?
/
meas
ure/′me
?
?
/
televis
< br>ion/′telivi
?
?
n
/
its/its/
whats/w
?
ts/
le
t′s
/lets/
sports/sp
?
:ts/
writes/raits/ seats/si:ts/
hands/h?ndz/
birds/b
?
:dz/
friends/frendz/
beds/bedz/
stands/st?ndz/
how/hau/ her
/h
?
:/ he/hi:/
hard/ha:d/
him/him/
hear/hi
?
/
half/ha:f/
/l/
/m/
/n/
/?/
/j/
/w/
/r/
rul
er /′ru:l?
/
list/list/
like/laik/
late/leit/
learn/l
?
:n/
light/lait/
my/mai/
map /m?p/ M
ary/′meri/
more/m
?
:/
seem/si:m/
meat/mi:t/
nice /nais/ nine /nain/
fine/fain/
mind/maind/
evening
/′i:vni?/
English/′i?gli
?
/
sing
/si?/
wi
ng
/wi?/
ring
/ri?/
you/ju:/
y
ellow
/′
< br>jel
?
u/
few/fju:/
mu
sic/′mju:zik/
st
u
de
nt/′stju:dnt/
b
eautiful/bju:t
?
fl/
what/w
?
t/
well/wel/
white /wait/
work/w
?
:k/
way/wei/
red
/red/ r
uler/′ru:l?
/
road/r
?
ud/ write/
rait/
(
w
不发音
)
wrong/r
?
?/
26
个字母发音规律及英语字母组合
发音表
a
/ei/ name
cake
table
/?
/ apple cat
map
am
/α: /
want
dance
/o/
what
watch
b
/b/ book big
bag box
c
/k/ cat cake cup clock car
/s/
face nice pencil books
d
/d/ desk doll dog dad
e
/i:/ he she
meet me
/e/ elephant egg bed pen
f
/f/ fine
friend fly foot fan
g
/
ɡ
/ gun glass
glad glove
/dз
/
age
orange
h
/h/
hat he
house hand
i
/ai
/ fine bike
five
ice
/i/
is sit miss pig picture
j
/ dз / jeep jam jacket
jar
k
/k/ kite cake black thank
l
/l/ leg left
ruler flag lamp
/l/ apple bowl tell old
m
/m/ am map my
mouth milk
n
/n/ no know new hand
o
/
?
u / old home
nose coke
/o/ dog not clock box
/
∧
/
son month mother love
p
/p/ map jeep pig pen apple
q
/kw / quite quilt quick
r
/r/ red radio brother racket
s
/s/ sit miss
this smile books
/z/ nose those rose rulers
t
/t/ it sit not that table little
u
/ju: / use
usually excuse
/
∧
/
bus us sun duck
/ u / put
pull
push
v
/v /
five vase very seven
w
/w/ we window watch want
x
/ks /
box
six
fox
y
/ai / my fly why bye
/ j
/
yes
yellow
/ i /
happy baby very
z
/ z /
zoo
zero
元音字母组合发音表
元
音
字
位置
母组合
重读
ar
在
W
后
非重读
er
or
重读
非重读
重读
在
W
后
非重读
ur
ir
a
ai
重读
非重读
重读
重读音节
非重读音节
au
al
aw
air
are
ay
ea
重读音节
非重读音节
特殊
ee
读
音
[a:]
[
?
:]
[
?
:]
[
?
]
[
?
:]
[
?
:]
[
?
:]
[
?
]
[
?
:]
[ei]
[i]
[
?
]
[
?
:]
[
?
:]
[
?
:l]
[
?
:]
例词
例外
mark
carve
article
party
market
March
farm
hard
warm warn
reward war
service certain serve
worker farmer teacher
form important corner horse
work word world worth
church
Thursday nurse turn return
surprise surround murmur
thirsty dirty first girl
tailor remain grain sail praise raise
brain
captain
certain
cause
walk ball all talk
always almost already although
draw dawn saw
said
[e]
aunt
[a:]
half
[a:]
alms
[a:]
are
[a:]
laugh
[a:f]
says
[e]
[
?
]
grammar
[
?
]
mirror doctor forbid forget
[e
?
]
fair affair hair upstairs
[e
?
]
dare glare share compare careful
[
?
:]
[ei]
[i]
[e]
[ei]
[i
?
]
[i:]
[i
?
]
taught caught daughter naughty
delay play say way today
Sunday Monday
sweater thread headache heavy breakfast
great greatly break
real idea theatre
sleep freely weed steel degree
appear clear near hear dear
ear
augh
[i:]
repeat leaf
lead peace disease cream
heart
[a:]
ear
ei
e
ew
ere
ey
在
[l]
,
[
r
]
后
p>
重读音节
非重读音节
[
?
:]
[i]
[u:]
[ei]
[i]
[ei]
[i:]
[ai]
[ai]
heard learn
earn early search
receive seize ceiling
blew flew threw drew
grey hey obey
monkey donkey
weight eight eighty
piece
thief field chief
lie tie
die
right fight night high bright light
p>
sew
[
?
u]<
/p>
here
[i
?
]
key
[i:]
diet
[ai
?
]
quiet
[ai
?
]
broad
[
?
:]
abroad
[
?
:]
wool
[u]
foot
[u]
food
[u:]
flood
[
?
]
blood
[
?
]
po
or
[u
?
]
[e
?
]
wear bear swear pear
[ju:]
few new
news
[e
?
]
there where
eigh
i
ie
ire
igh
o
oa
oi
oy
oo
[ai
?
]
wire inspire hire tire
[
?
u]
loaf road soap coat boat
[
?
i]
[
?
i]
voice noise point choice
toy boy joy joyful
roof
choose school shoot
took
look cook stood wood good
在
其
他
字
母
p>
[u:]
前
在
k
,
d
前
[u]
oor
ou
[
?
:]
floor door
[au]
pound
rouse
mountain
trousers
ground
thousand
shoulde
r
[
?
u]
soul
[
?
u]
[
?
]
couple cousin double country touch
trouble
[u:]
[u]
[
?
:]
route group routine soup
could should would
fought bought brought thought
though
[
?
u]
plough
[au]
cough
[
?
f]
through
[u:]
thorough
[
?
]
enough
[
?
f]
ough
[au]
down brown flower
ow
u
ure
重读音节
非重读音节
[
?
u]
bowl sow window row owner low show
throw
knowledge
[
?
]
grow
[u
?
]
sure surely
[
?
:]
pleasure
辅音字母组合发音(全)
字母组合
ble
ch
ck
cle
deg
ge
gh
gu
gn
gue
kn
mb
mn
ng
nk
nc
ph
ple
qu
sc
sh
sion
ssion
stle
发音
∕
bl
∕
∕
?
∕
∕
k
∕
∕
?
∕
∕
k
∕
∕
kl
∕
∕
d3
∕
∕
d3
∕
∕
f
∕
有时不发音
∕ɡ
w
∕
∕ɡ
∕
∕
n
∕
∕ɡ
∕
∕
n
∕
∕
m
∕
∕
m
∕
∕
?
∕
p>
∕
?
ɡ
∕
∕
?k
∕
∕
?k
∕
∕
f
∕
∕
pl
∕
∕
kw
∕
∕
s
∕
∕
?
∕
∕
3n
∕
∕∫
n
∕
∕
sl
∕
词
例
able table possible
chair
school
machine
jacket
uncle circle bicycle
bridge judge knowledge
age
change village huge
laugh
eight
daughter
language
guess
sign
foreign
league
know knife knee knit
climb
autumn
morning
English
thank
uncle
phone
apple people example
quilt
science scent scissor
she
conclusion invasion
expression discussion
castle
whistle rustle
tal
tain
tch
th
tion
tle
ture
wh
wr
kn
dge
-ing
-tion
-ture
-sion
∕
tl
∕
∕
tn
∕
∕
?
∕
∕
?
∕
∕
?
∕
∕∫
n
∕
∕
tl
∕
∕
t
∫
p>
ε
∕
一般情况下
发∕
w
∕
在
字母
O
前发∕
h
∕
∕
r
∕
∕
n
∕
∕
?
∕
p>
∕
?
?
∕
∕
?
?
n
∕
∕
< br>?
?
n
∕
∕
?
?
∕
∕
?
?
p>
n
∕
capital hospital
britain
certain
watch
thanks
this
nation station
dictionary
gentle battle bottle
picture nature mixture
what
who
write
know
bridge
standing
question
dictionary
picture
decision
音节
什么叫音节?
音节
以元音为主体构成的发音单位,
一般说来元音发音响亮,可以构成音节,辅音发音不响亮,
不能单独构成音节(
[m]
,
[n]
,
p>
[ng]
,
[l]
例外)
。从单词拼写形式上看,有几个元字组就有几个
音节。<
/p>
什么是成音节?
成音节的含义
:
音标中
,
一个辅音字母加上一个
[m]
或
[n]
或
[l],
构成成音节
例词
:noodle['nu:dl]
在英语中元音特别响亮,一个元音
可构成一个音节,一个元音和一个或几个辅音音素
结合也可以构成一个音节。一般说来,
元音可以构成音节,辅音不响亮,不能构成音节。
但英语辅音字母中有
< br> 4
个辅音
[m]
,
[n]
,
[ng]
,
[l]
是响音,它们和辅音音素结合,也可
构成音节。它们构成的音节往往出现在词尾,一般是非重读音。
如何划分音节
?
①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时,一个辅字组属于前面的音节,一个属于后面的音节。
例如:
let-ter mem-ber
chil-dren daugh-ter
②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时,
如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个
音节,如果前面一个音节里的元音是
短音,则辅字组属于前面一个音节。
例如:长音
pa-per stu-dent fa-
ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther
短音
sev-en stud-y
moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er
什么是重读音节
?
< br>重读音节指的是单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时,应使用重
< p>读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。
什么是开音节?
开音节分两种,一种叫绝对开音节,相对开音节。
在开音节中,元音字母发长音
(
本
身音
)
。
①
绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没
有辅字组的重读音节。例如:
me,
be,
he,
no,
go,
so
②相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加
一个不发音字母
e
构成的重
读音节。例
如:
name
these
bike
home
excuse
如何识别开音节和闭音节?
什么闭音节
?
什么叫闭音节
?
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