-
四字词组的翻译
TEXT
正视失意
失意受挫
1
的时候,你喜欢和什么样的人接触。
我有些朋友很坚强,即使是从高处摔下,焦头烂额又倒霉透顶的时候
2
,他们还是会选
择和春风得意、鸿运
当头的人在一起,
希望可以刺激自己重新站起来。不管得势的
人如何
趾高气扬,不可一世,朋友依然可以处之泰然。
我很佩服这类友人,
如果是我就没法做到。
当
我失意落难的时候,
我喜欢和同是沦落人
在一起,毕竟大家在那
一刻拥有相似的心情,
我的心境,
我说的话他一定都能了解,同
病相
怜之余的相互勉励,也必定是更为真切的。
其实,在不如意时,我更喜欢的是独处。全世界的人可以不来理我,我也不理会他人。
3
伤口惟有自己治疗,我只想面对自己,大哭一场也好,痛定思痛也好,三天三
夜不吃不喝
不眠
4
也好,
我自己要熬过来。
谁不知道跌倒了要勇敢爬起来,
所
以谁来跟我说什么都没用,
面对失败的认知过程,一定得自己去挣扎。
< br>
如果我在某处碰了个大钉子,我会选择快速离开
5
p>
,不会在那里硬撑,或是企盼能再回
去翻身。何苦呢?在同一个地方
,你要应付的将是双倍的压力,倒不如换个环境,
也许就时
来运
转。
坦白说,失意的人不容易相处,
但是如果首先可以自处,
过了自己这一关,
走出去就容
易多了。
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS
1.
焦头烂额
heavily down
on their luck
2.
鸿运当头
have all the
smiles of fortune
3.
痛定思痛
have a
painful self-examination
4.
时来运转
a turn of
fortune
5.
失意
frustrate
DIFFICULT POINT EXPLANATION
1.
本文有许多意义很接近的词,姑名之同义词。可列举其译
法如下:
(1)
第一段“失意
受挫”<
/p>
frustrated and upset; (2)
第二段<
/p>
“从高处摔下,
焦头烂额又倒霉透顶”
h
eavily down on their
luck and in a
terrible fix; (3)
第三段
“失意落难”
down and out; (4)
第四段
“不如意时”
in my
frustration; (5)
第五段
“碰了个大钉子”
meet a terrible
rebuff
。
2.
我有些朋友很坚强,即使是从高处摔下,焦头烂额又倒霉透顶的时候:
Som
e
of
my
friends
can stand firm when they are heavily down on their
luck and on a terrible
fix
。
firm
形容坚
强。倒霉透顶,用
terrible fix,
在这里十分恰当,明了。
3.
p>
第四段第二句和第三句之间最好有个过渡。第三句中的“我只想面对自己”正好可
以起此种过渡作用,
译文将其前移,
与第一部分颠
倒一下,
成为
what I do care is to
face myself,
for my wound
...
这部分便起了承接作用。
4.
第四段“三天三夜不吃不喝不眠也好”译成
to
abandon myself to grief without food or
sleep for three days on end,
其中
abandon myself
to grief
因内涵而增加,
“三夜”因内涵而减
去,
“不喝”可以忽略而删除。
同一段
“认知过程”
不易译字面,
应将其内涵义充分表达出来,
故译成动词词组加宾语。
这里的“内涵义”也就是指通过译者对文章的理解,而在字面上没有直接表达出来的意思。
5.
如果我在某处碰了个大钉子,
我会选择快速离开:
When I meet a terrible rebuff
I
’
ll beat
a
hasty
retreat.
Re
buff
是“断然拒绝”
、
“阻止”<
/p>
、
“严厉拒绝”的意思。
“碰了个钉子”
,形容
在做某件事情时遭到拒绝。翻译时应注意到理解,并能在
翻译时灵活处理。
Beat a retreat
是
固定词组,
“拔腿溜掉”的意思。
REFERENCE VERSION
FACING FRUSTRATION
When you
are frustrated and upset, what kind of people
would you like to be with?
Some of my
friends can stand firm when they are heavily down
on their luck and in a terrible
fix.
They choose to mix with successful people who have
got all the smiles of fortune. By so doing
they want to be goaded into pulling
themselves together. They are able to keep calm no
matter
how arrogant and
overbearing those people are.
I admire
them for what they have done, though I am not
equal to it. When I
’
m down
and out
I like to be with those also in
distress, for we are in the same boat sharing each
other
’
s feelings.
They understand me and we have a lot to
talk, to exchange advice and to encourage one
another.
But most likely what
I
’
ll do in my frustration is
to sit alone by myself. I
won
’
t care if I am
ignored by all other people of the
world. Neither shall I pay attention to anyone
else. What I do
care is to face myself,
for my wound can be healed only by myself. Whether
it is to cry my eyes
out, to have a
painful self-examination, or to abandon myself to
grief without food or sleep for
three
days on end, I know I have to get myself through
the misery. One has to get up where one
falls
—
everyone knows that. So
it
’
s no use for anybody to
come along with advice trying to
comfort me. It requires my own efforts
to get fully realized of what the failure means to
me and to
draw lessons from it.
When I meet a terrible rebuff
I
’
ll beat a hasty retreat.
I
’
ll never stay there to
stick to my guns,
or try to stage a
comeback. Why should I? Return to the same place
may bring double pressure to
bear on
me. It is preferable to have a change of
surroundings, for a different situation can mean a
turn of fortune.
To put it
frankly, it
is hard for a frustrated
person to get along with others. But if one can
solve the problem of dealing with
oneself, and get over all the difficulties, one
will find it rather
easy to start all
over again.
TRANSLATION
TECHNIQUES
四字词组的翻译
四字词组是汉语中一种常见的语言现象,是汉语的一大词汇特点。它由四个语素构成,
通常分为自由词组和固定词组。自由词组是临时组成的,可随意拆散,重新组合,例如“广
泛开展”
,
“紧密联系”
。固定词
组则是一个整体,不能拆散使用,其中的任何词语都不能随
意更换,含特殊意义,也称为
成语,例如“雪中送炭
”
,
“路不拾遗”
。
四字
词组从内容上
看,言简意赅;从形式上看,整齐匀称;从语音上看,顺口悦耳;从表达效
果上看,形象生
动。在行文、说话中人们都常运用到它们。由于四字词组具有如此优点,
在汉译英时若使用
恰当,既能保存原作的丰姿,又使译文大为生色。
汉语成语的语言特色,即形象鲜明、
常用典故、音韵和谐
,翻译时应尽可能地保留这些
特色。
然而由于汉英两种语言和文
化的巨大差异,
汉语成语的这些特色很难全部在译文中得
以再现
,此时译者必须有所舍弃,采取适当的翻译策略以确保主要信息的传递。
现代翻译学认为,译文与原文在意义上应动态对应,不要形式对等。因此,从原文的深
层意义出发,
汉语句子当中的四字词组在译成英语时都有可能与英语句中的单词
、
短语、
习
语甚至整句相对应。例如<
/p>
:
·多数人兴高采烈之日,却是少数人伤心失意之时。
If this was a time of triumph for the
many, it was a painful period for the few.
·真相大白。
The truth
comes out.
·
他坐在那儿注视着,
觉得眼前的景象,
既是始终如一,
又是变化多端,
p>
既是光彩夺目,
又是朦胧黑暗,既是庄严肃穆,又是轻松愉快。
p>
He sat there and watched
them, so changelessly changing, so bright and
dark, so grave and
gay.
在这里我们探讨四种翻译四字词组的常用方法。
一、将原文的四字词组译成英语的一个词
这些词主要是名词、
形容词、副词、
动词。
一部分汉语四字词组译为英语时只需用一个
英语单词替换就足以表达它的意思。
看似简单,
孰不知英语所要求的就是简洁明了。
汉语喜
欢多用修饰词,
一大部分四字词组正是起着修饰
作用的。
有一些四字词组前后两部分意思重
复,
就只需译出其中一个意思。
凡是英语里的动词或名词,
已经把汉语里修饰名词或动词的
含义包括进去了,就可以在英语里把这些形容词、副词删
去不译。
·这一切均在铁的事实面前彻底破产了。
But their slanders have all
been exploded in the face of hard facts.
explode
已经包含了“彻底”的意思,所以翻译时无需再用
completely.
“彻底破产”这
一四字词
组就译成了一个单词
explode
。
·这是走向繁荣昌盛的唯一道路。
This is the only road leading to
prosperity.
如果将“繁荣昌盛”译成
affluence
and
prosperity
就显得多余了。因为
< br>affluence
和
prosperity
表达的是一样的意思。
·虽然我们前面的道路崎岖不平??
Although the road before us is rough...
按字面翻译“崎岖不平”应该是
rough
and
bumpy,
之所以只用
rough
,道理和上面的
例子是一样的,两个词表达相同的意思择其一即可。
·
使我国五亿多农
民实行社会主义改造这样一种惊天动地的事业,
不可能是在一种风平
浪静的情况下出现的??
It
’
s
impossible
to
carry
in
an
atmosphere
of
tranquility
such
an
earth-shaking
task
as
getting
some 500 million peasants to undertaking socialist
transformation...
·
< br>但是这种所谓两党制不过是维护资产阶级专政的一种方法,它绝不能保障劳动人民
的自由权利。
But
this
so-
called
two-party
system
is
nothing
but
a
device
for
maintaining
the
dictatorship of the bourgeoisie; it can
never guarantee freedoms to the working people.
“自由权利”中的自由即是权利,两者合二为一,译成
freedoms
意即保障自由的各项
权利。
·他马马虎虎地看了看那张便条就走了。
He carelessly glanced
through the note and got away.
·过去几周,她越来越六神无主。
Over the past several weeks, she had
grown increasingly restless.
二、
将四字词组译成短语,如介词短语、副词短语、不定式短语
<
/p>
这也是一种常用的方法。
这种方法往往是套用英语中最简单的词组
或句型。
如广告中常
用的典雅大方
el
egant and graceful
,轻柔松软
soft and light
。再如,某位领导的讲话要求外
交人员“立场坚定、目光远大、头脑敏捷、业务熟练、才华出众、风格高尚”
,黄金祺将原
文译为“
A Chinese
diplomat should be firm in stand, broad in vision,
swift in wit, qualified in
profession,
outstanding in talent, noble in
character.
”
原文的六个四字词组在译文里换作六个
“
adj.+
in
+n.
”
结
构的短语,同样对称整齐,简明扼要,与原文相比,形式不同,功能却
相似。
因此用这个结构来翻译四字词组达到了异曲同工的效果,
既保留了原文的风
格,
又使
译文自然贴切,具有可读性。
·
这种地区的农会和农村政权的领导
工作,
应当由贫农和中农中思想正确、
办事公道的
积极分子去做。
In
these
areas
the
leading
posts
in
the
peasant
associations
and
the
organ
of
political
power should be
assumed by those activists among the poor and
middle peasants who are
correct in
their thinking and fair and just in running
affairs.
这个例子同样也是采用
“
adj.+ in
+n.
”
的结构来译四字词组。
·
社会主义国家内部的反动派同帝国主义者互相勾结,
利用人民内部的矛盾,
挑拨离间,
兴风作浪,企图实现他们
的阴谋。
It was a
case of the reactionaries inside a socialist
country, in league with the imperialists,
attempting
to
achieve
their
conspiratorial
aims
by
taking
advantage
of
contradictions
among the
people to foment dissension and stir up disorder.
两个简单的动词词组恰当地译出了“挑拨离间”与“兴风作浪”
。
·纵目眺望,我饱览了一片无限娇艳的风光:万紫千红,郁
郁葱葱,鸟语悦耳,花香袭
人,涟漪荡漾,瀑布飞流,层峦起伏,阡陌纵横。真可谓生机
勃勃,气象万千。
As
far
as
sight
could
reach,
I
feasted
my
eyes
on
a
vastness
of
infinite
charm,
which
presents
itself
in
a
profusion
of
color,
in
verdant
luxuriance,
in
dulcet
warbling,
in
pervading
perfume,
in
rippling
undulation,
in
cataract
sprays,
in
hilly
waves,
in
field
crisscross and verily in vitality and
variety .
这一小段话连用了八个四字词组,译者将它们处理为
in
+adj.+
n.
的结构,使得译文同
样结构整齐,意思明确,可以说是达到了内容与形式的
统一。
三、套用英语中意思相同及功能对等的习语
四字词组中有很大一部分是固定词组,
即成语。
成语往往带有浓厚的民族色彩和地方色
彩。
翻译时除了要忠实地表达原文意义之外,
还要尽可能保持原文成语的形象
比喻,
丰富联
想,
修辞效果以及其民族
、
地方特点等。
有的成语和英语中的习语在内容和形式上都相符
合,
双方不但有相同的意义和修辞色彩,
并且有相同或大体相同
的形象比喻。
汉译英时,
如果遇
到这种
情况,
不妨直截了当地套用英语同义习语。
这样的译文可能会增
色不少,
基本能实现
四字词组的美学价值转移。
A.
双方有完全相同的形象比喻
趁热打铁
strike while
the iron is hot
隔墙有耳
wall has
ears
捧上天去
praise to the skies
火上加油
pour oil on
the flame
B.
双方有大体相同的形象比喻
沧海一粟
a drop in
the ocean
挥金如土
spend money like water
笑掉牙齿
laugh off
one
’
s head
害群之马
a black
sheep
·得知本国发生了强烈地震,总统一直心乱如麻。
The president, being told
of the strong earthquake in his country, was on
tenterhooks every
minute.
根据英语权威词典
Longman
Dictionary
of
Contemporary
English,
英语习语
to
be
on
tenterhooks
其中有一个意思是
to be in
a worried, anxious state of mind (
心情烦乱、
焦急、紧
张
)
。翻译“心乱如麻”时,
我们正是采用这个意思,借助这个习语来替换四字词组。
借用
英语习语既保留了原文的风格和喻体,
又能使读者欣然接受,
达
到了译文与原文之
间意义相符、
功能相似的翻译要求。
但是应该注意的是如果这一成语具有太浓厚的民族色彩
和地方色彩,
p>
就不可硬套英语习语,
以致与原作的上下文形成矛盾,
破坏原作的意蕴和形象,
使译文读者产生误解。
有一
大部分成语无法套用习语,
只能采取直译,
意译或加注等其它方
法,在此不作详细讨论。
四、
综合法
若将两个或两个以上的四字词组连用,
则更能体现汉语语言的音乐美、
稳重美。
当一个
长句或自然段落内连续出现几个四字词组时,
宜采用综合法。
综合法就是打破四字词组的形
式,
兼容各种技巧于一体
的翻译方法。
它往往既能忠实地传达原文的意思,
又能较好地再
现
汉语原有的丰姿。
·香港,新时代的巨轮,此刻在祖国尊重香港人、相信香港人、爱护香港人的旭日辉映
下,满怀信心,升锚启航,向着振兴中华,祖国统一的宏伟目标乘风奋进。
We are embarking on a new
era. With the respect and trust from the entire
nation, we will
be much more equipped
to sail forward with confidence and with will
play
a part in facilitating the
reunification of the entire nation, and bringing a
better life to all in
the nation.
借助英语的平行结构,用
be
equipped with confidence and with conviction
译出“满怀信
心”
,
既传
神达意,
又上口顺耳;
用
embark on
译出登上时代巨轮的形象和升锚启航的呼
应,
不仅相得益彰,而且加大了“乘风奋进”的力度。
“振兴中
华”则阐释其义,根据演讲时的
语境,根据香港回归在中国统一大业和繁荣昌盛的作用,
译作
play
a
part
in
facilitating
the
reunification of the entire nation, and
bringing a better life to all in the nation
,与“祖国统一的
宏伟目标”融为一体了。
·二百公里航道上,遍布着无数险滩。险滩上,江流汹涌,回
旋激荡,水击礁石,浪花
飞溅,声如雷鸣。
Numerous shoals scattered
over the 200kms course give rise to many ng on
the midstream rocks, the river roars
thunderously.
综上所述,翻译四字词组可以有多种方法,或译成单词,
或词组,或套用习语,又或打
破形式用综合法。
应根据不同情况
选择合适的译法。
翻译是灵活的东西,
汉语四字词组的翻
译也应该是灵活多样的。总的原则是既要照顾形式,又不拘泥于形式,尽可能使译文自然、
p>
贴切,可读性强。
·天气这样闷,十之八九要下雨。
With the weather so close and stuffy,
ten to one it
’
ll
rain
presently.
汉
英两种语言里都有大量数词组成的词组,
如:
“三心二意”
p>
、
“一举两得”
、
“七上八下”
、
“九死一生”
、
“
at sixes and sevens
”
、
“
talk nineteen
to the dozen
”等;它们只有极少数可以完
全对应
或者根本不对应,翻译时应尽量参照各自的文化传统,以可行性或可接受性为原则。
在这
个例子中,
“十之八九”与“
ten to one
”属不完全对应但都表示“极可能”
。如将“十之
八九”
直译为
“
in eight
or nine cases out of ten
”
,
p>
译文便失去了原文简洁的风格,
而意译为
“
most
likely
”又失去了原
文的比喻色彩;借用英语习语“
ten to one
”既保留
了原文的风格和喻体,
又能使读者欣然接受,达到了译文与原文之间意义相符、功能相似
的翻译要求。
EXERCISES
Ⅰ
.
USEFUL TERM TRANSLATION
1.
天长地久
21.
一箭双雕
2.
胆小如鼠
22.
装模作样
3.
泰然自若
23.
铁石心肠
4.
水中捞月
24.
易如反掌
5.
苦如黄连
25.
半途而废
6.
鸡皮疙瘩
26.
甘拜下风
7.
狐假虎威
27.
提心吊胆
8.
物以类聚
28.
千辛万苦
9.
如释重负
29.
水落石出
10.
挥金如土
30.
粗枝大叶
11.
泪如泉涌
31.
扬眉吐气
12.
翁中捉鳖
32.
无孔不入
13.
扬眉吐气
33.
大张旗鼓
14.
一针见血
34.
风雨飘摇
15.
孤注一掷
35.
趁热打铁
16.
纸上谈兵
36.
火上加油
17.
白费唇舌
37.
晴天霹雳
18.
一文不名
38.
浑水摸鱼
19.
体无完肤
39.
轻如鸿毛
20.
鸦雀无声
40.
空中楼阁
Ⅱ
. SENTENCE TRANSLATION
A
1.
不管得势的人如何趾高气扬
,不可一世,朋友依然可以处之泰然。
2.
我很佩服这类友人,如果是我就没法做到。
3.
我喜欢和同是沦落人在一起,毕竟大家在那一刻拥有相似
的心情。
4.
在不如意时,我更喜欢的是独处。
5.
同病相怜之余的相互勉励,也必定是更为真切的。
6.
全世界的人可以不来理我,我也不理会他人。
7.
在同一个地方,你要应付的将是双倍的压力,倒不如换个
环境,也许就时来运转。
8.
失意受挫的时候,你喜欢和什么样的人接触?
B
1.
这些姑娘打扮得花枝招展。
2.
这两种理论虽然各有千秋,但它们是并行不悖的。
3.
事事巧合使他心满意足。
4.
你别想用这套花言巧语来哄骗我。
5.
接二连三的失败,使我们深感绝望。
6.
农民们敲锣打鼓庆祝新春佳节。
7.
那辆面的撞倒一个小女孩后逃离了现场。
8.
你最好打个电话跟他约个时间再见面谈谈。
9.
他解开了大襟上的纽扣,抓着衣角儿扇了几下,站起来回
家去了。
10.
大夫开了一个药方给他调元补气。
Ⅲ
. PASSAGE TRANSLATION
太阳醒过来了
,
披上红妆
,
在东山之巅冉冉升起。她
容光焕发,笑容可掬,向人们问候
晨安。快活的百灵一向早起,在枝条间婆娑起舞,向太
阳娇啼婉转,唱着颂歌。向日葵戴着
亮闪闪的露珠点缀的花冠,
争先恐后地迎着朝阳盛开。
一群群多情的蜜蜂,
哼着轻快的恋歌
,
飞入绿丛之中与可心的花儿喁喁私语。
接着便是缕缕炊烟,<
/p>
缭绕空际,
人欢马叫,
汽笛长鸣,
酣睡了一夜的大地苏醒了。
TRANSLATION APPRECIATION
A
1.
人心不足蛇吞象。
No man is content.
2.
一分钱难倒英雄汉。
A man
without money is no man at all.
3.
杀鸡给猴看。
Beat the
dog before the lion.
4.
山中无老虎,猴子称大王。
Among the blind the one-eyed man is
king
5.
上梁不正下梁歪。
Fish begins to stink at the head. / If
the upper beam is crooked, the lower one is out of
plumb.
6.
仁者见仁,智者见智。
Everyone thinks in his way.
7.
少小不努力,老大徒伤悲。
A man who neglects his studies in youth
will regret it in later years. / A young idler, an
old
beggar. / To idle away the time in
youth will leave sorrow in old age.
8.
人怕出名猪怕壮。
Fame
portends trouble for men just as fattening does
for pigs.
9.
生米煮成熟饭了。
What
’
s done
cannot be undone.
10.
没有十全十美的朋友。
A
friend without faults will never be found.
11.
胜者为王,败者为寇。
Losers are always in the wrong.
12.
水火无情。
Fire and water have no mercy.
13.
人人都有弱点。
Every man has his weak side.
14.
十年树木,百年树人。
It takes ten years to grow trees but a
hundred years to rear people. / It takes three
generations
to make a gentleman.
15.
少说话,多观察。
Keep your mouth shut and your eyes
open.
16.
什么人交什么朋友。
A man
is known by his friends.
17.
石沉大海,杳无音讯。
Like a
stone dropped into the sea, it has produced no
reaction.
18.
一个篱笆三个桩,一个好汉三个帮。
A fence is fixed by three stakes; a
capable man is aided by three mates.
19.
杀鸡取卵;竭泽而渔。
Kill the goose that lays the golden
eggs.
20.
人过半生,方知天命。
Life
is half spent before we know what it is.
B
1.
打??的主意
have an
eye on
汤姆时时打做生意的主意。
Tom always has an eye on making a deal.
2.
书面
in black and white
我一定要有你的书面声明。
I
must have your statement in black and white.
3.
明白事理
know what
’
s what
谢谢你的忠告,因为我是不明事理的。
Thank you for your advice, as I
don
’
t know
what
’
s what.
4.
??的滋味
what it is
他知道没有朋友的滋味。
He
knows what it is to be without friends.
5.
对??了如指掌
know ...like a book
他对这个机构的底细了如指掌。
He
knows the ins and outs of this organization like a
book.
6.
差一点
within an inch
他差一点掉进池塘里,幸亏我一把抓住他的大衣。
He was within an inch of falling into
the pond, when I managed to catch hold of his
coat.
7.
理所当然的事
matter of course
我认为帮助他是理所当然的事。
I
consider helping him as a matter of course.
8.
成为泡影
end in smoke
他们的计划已经成为泡影。
Their plan has ended in smoke.
9.
越??越好
cannot...too...
开车时你越小心越好。
You
cannot be too careful when driving a car.
10.
凭一时高兴
by fits and starts
如果你只凭一时高兴去工作,那末你永远不会有多大成就。
If you work by fits and starts, you
will never achieve much.
第十二单元
“把”字句的翻译
TEXT
贷款消费时代的到来
上海的一位刘女
士因需购房要从银行提出一大笔现金
1
为安全起见,
她希望银行能将存
款开成个人支票,可是没有一家银行能提供此项服务。<
/p>
国家统计局最近在北京、上海、广州、武汉、郑州、成都、西安
等
7
个城市对
2 700
户
居民进行了调查。调查表明,在过去
6
个月,有
17%
的被访者进行了信贷消费,平均额
度
近
3
万元。进入
21
世纪,
34%
的被访者将有意
进行信贷消费,人群比例接近前
6
个月的一
倍。调查还表明,住房、教育、汽车、医疗是最适合借贷消费的对象
2
。调查还表明,在现
有的
1
亿个城镇家庭中将有
3 000
万个家庭进入信贷消费。最近几
年,个人信贷红红火火,
住房信贷、
助学信贷、汽车信贷深入人
心,各种个人信贷正在大踏步走进寻常百姓家庭。但
是由于目前贷款要求还比较严格,种
类很少,使贷款消费受到一定限制
3
。但信用消费已是
大势所趋。
第十二单元
“把”字句的翻译近日一位刚从美国回来的访问学者在谈及
“信用贷款”时
感慨颇深:美国每个家庭平均有
13
个各种各样的
信用卡,商场中大多数商品都标有分期付
款和当场付款双重价格
4
。一个美国家庭仅需要
212
美金,
就可以把家庭所需要的家电产品
统统搬到家中。
长期以来,国内
居民习惯把自己的钱存到银行里,
借给银行用,而不是向银
行借
钱用,信用似乎只是银行的事儿。
个人消费贷款的大幅攀升、
个人信用贷款的问世,不仅反映了中国人消费意识的改观,
更重要的是它从另一个角度反
映出人们对国民经济发展前景的看好
5
。如果大家对未来宏观<
/p>
经济缺乏信心,对个人的收入预期就不会理想
6
< br>,借钱消费就少了底气。今年中国经济出现
的良好态势,
给人们心理上带来积极影响,
并已经在消费贷款上得到了充分的体现。
< br>工商银
行日前就表示
7
,今后五
年的消费贷款将以
800
亿元的幅度增长。当然,金融机构对消
费贷
款还持有一定的谨慎态度,因为目前还没有一个有效的个人信用评估体系
8
,信贷风险的控
制还需强化。
< br>但无论如何,
中国人贷款消费的时代正在悄悄来临,
这已
经是无法改变的和不
可否认的事实
9
。
(
选编自:
“个人贷款消费时代的到来”
,晓言,
《今晚报》
,
2000
年。
)
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS
1.
贷款
loan; consumption
2.
信贷
credit
3.
攀升
the sharp increase
4.
宏观经济
macro-
economy
5.
有意
to have an intention (to)
6.
城镇家庭
urban
households
7.
家电产品
household
appliances
8.
金融机构
financial
setups / establishments
9.
平均额度
an average
amount (of ...)
10.
谈及??
to touch on
(a topic)...
11.
感慨颇深
with much
emotion
12.
大幅攀升
a soaring / sharp increase
13.
从另一个角度
from another angle
14.
少了底气
be short of
backup / backing
DIFFICULT
POINT EXPLANATION
1.
提出一大笔现金:
to withdraw a large
sum of money
;
将存款开成个人支票:
to give the
withdrawal in
check
。
withdraw, v.
“移开;收回;提取;退学”的意思。而
withdrawal, n.
“缩
回;退出;收回;撤退”等。在这里指存款,在银行里提出来的钱。
p>
2.
住房、教育、汽车、医疗是最适合借贷消费的对象:
the
areas more suitable for credit
consumption
are
housing,
education,
automobile
and
medical
care
。
“借贷”
,翻译为
credit
consumption
,因为这也是一种消费手段与方式。
3.
贷款消费受到一定限制:
some restrictions
have been imposed on credit consumption /
credit consumption has been restricted
to some degree
。本句两种方式都可以用,翻译应灵活多
变。
4.
都标有分期付款和当场付款双重价格:
to label
their goods with double price
tags
;
the
price paid by installments and the
price paid by
cash
。把自己的钱存到银行里:
to deposit
their
money into a bank
。
“分期付款”
,
to pay by inst
allments
为固定用法。而“当场付款”
,即用现
金,所以用短语
by
cash
。
5.
对国民经济发展前景的看好:
be very
optimistic about the prospect of national economy<
/p>
。
“看好”的意思是指对某事持有乐观的态度,译文使用
optimistic
恰倒好处。
6.
收入预期就不会理想:
to
have no ideal expectations of their income
< br>。
预期,
expectation
,
n.
期待;
可能性。
而
“不会很理想”
的意思为未达到满意的程度,
p>
通过理解其意思翻译成
have
no
ideal
便更加的容易。
7.
工商银行日前就表示??:
(China
’
s) Industrial and Commercial Bank
claimed a few
days ago
that...
。应多了解各类银行的翻译方式。
8.
有效的个人信用评估体系:
an
efficient system for rating individual credit
reliability or
trustworthiness
。在含有专业性词汇翻译时,一定要准确、严谨。
9.
无法改变
(
或不可否认
)
的事实:
a fact that can
hardly be changed
(denied)
。
That
引导从
句修饰
fact
。注意括号中内容,翻译时不能忽略,且要放到适当位置。
< br>
REFERENCE VERSION
THE ARRIV
AL OF THE AGE OF
CREDIT CONSUMPTION
A
lady
in
Shanghai
needs
to
withdraw
a
large
sum
of
money
in
cash
from
a
bank
for
purchasing
a
house.
For
safety,
she
hopes
that
the
bank
can
give
her
the
withdrawal
in
check.
Nevertheless, there
have not yet been any banks which could provide
such a service.
The
State
Statistics
Bureau
recently
conducted
a
survey
of
2,700
households
scattered
in
seven cities in China: Beijing,
Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wuhan, Zhengzhou, Chengdu and
Xi
’
an.
The survey
indicated that during the past six months, 17% of
the surveyed had made purchases in
credit, each spending an average amount
of 30,000 yuan. Entering the 21st century, 34% of
the
surveyed
have
an
intention
to
buy
things
by
credit,
and
the
proportion
rose
almost
one
time
as
compared
with
six
months
ago.
The
survey
showed
that
the
areas
more
suitable
for
credit
consumption are
housing, education, automobile and medical care.
The survey showed also that
among
the
100
million
urban
Chinese
households
30
million
of
them
hope
to
conduct
credit
consumption.
Individual credit consumption has become an in-
thing now, and house-purchasing
credit,
stipend credit, automobile credit have taken deep
root among people, too. However, some
restrictions
have
been
imposed
on
credit
consumption
and
only
limited
kinds
of
credit
consumption
are
available
at
present.
These
two
combined
together
are
holding
up
the
popularization
of
credit
consumption.
And
yet,
credit
consumption
is
a
general
trend
that
can
hardly
be given less attention to.
Not
long
before,
a
visiting
scholar
touched
on
the
topic
of
credit
consumption
with
much
emotion.
He
just
returned
from
his
recent
visit
to
the
United
States.
He
said
that
in
the
United
States,
a
family
has
an
average
of
13
credit
cards
in
all
shapes
and
sizes.
Most
American
department stores label their goods
with double price tags: the price paid by
installments and the
price
paid
by
cash.
An
American
family
needs
only
$
212
to
buy
on
credit
all
the
household
appliances they want. For a long time,
Chinese residents have been used to depositing
their money
into a bank and lending
their money to a bank, but have not yet been
accustomed to borrowing
money from a
bank for use. Credit in China seems only a
business of banks.
The
sharp
increase
in
individual
consumption
on
credit
and
the
coming
into
being
of
individual credit loans not only
indicate a change in the consumption value of the
Chinese people,
but also reflect from
another angle that people are very optimistic
about the prospect of national
economy.
If people are less confident about
China
’
s
macro
economy in the future, they will
have no ideal expectations of their
income, and they will be short of backup in
purchasing items
on credit. The
favorable situation in
China
’
s economy development
has brought about positive
psychological
effects
on
people. And
these
effects
have
been
fully
felt
and
demonstrated
in
the
increase in consumption
loans. China
’
s Industrial
and Commercial Bank claimed a few days ago
that China
’
s
consumption loans would increase by a margin of 80
billion yuan in the coming five
years.
Nevertheless, financial setups are adopting a
prudent attitude towards granting consumption
loans
because
by
now
there
has
not
yet
been
any
efficient
system
for
rating
individual
credit
reliability or trustworthiness. The
control over credit risks should be strengthened.
But whatever
happens, the age of credit
consumption for the Chinese people is coming
quietly, and such a fact
can hardly be
changed or denied.
TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES
“把”字句的翻译
用“把”字引介对
象的介宾短语可以称作“把”字短语。凡在谓语中用“把”字短语充
当状语的句子叫“把
”字句。有时我们把“将”字句也归为“把”字句。要翻译好“把”字
句,首先要弄清“
把”的含义:
1.
宾语是后面动词
的受事,表示“处置”
;
2.
后面的名词指当事者,表示发生不如意的事情;
3.
“把甲当乙”
;
4.
带双宾语的“把”字句;
5.
零位主语“把”字句用作祈使句;
6.
后面动作多为动补式,表示“致使”
。
一、
表示“处置”的“把”字句:
“把”
字的宾语是后面动词的受事者,整个格式含有处置的意思。
·她又把他的糖抓走四块,还偷偷向他瞄了一眼。
She gave him a
surreptitious look as she took four more of his
sweets.
·她把信揉成一团,塞到口袋里。
She crumpled the letter into a ball and
slipped it into her pocket.
二、表示不如意的“把”字句:
表示
不如意时,
通常用
“真把??”
、
p>
“把个??”
句式。
这种句式可以灵活翻译
。
例如:
·正需要打字员,偏偏把个打字员累病了。
Badly in need, the very typist fell
ill.
·真把我饿死了!
I
’
m nearly
starved to death.
三、
“把甲当乙”的“把“字句:
“把??当作
/
作为
/
说成
/
看
成等??”
,
这一句式可以用英语的
“
动词
+
宾语
+as /
for
”这一句型来翻译。例如:
·她把小丽当成她的孪生姊妹了。
She mistook Xiao li for her twin
sister.
·我是把那件事当作自己的事情来做的。
I considered the matter as my own
business.
四、接双宾语的“把”字句:
汉语中的动词如“交给”
、
“借给”
、
“递给”
、
“告诉”<
/p>
、
“扔给”等可以带双宾语,但这种
句子
往往借助于
“把”字将直接宾语提到动词之前,将间接宾语放在动词之后。在翻译这类<
/p>
带双宾语的“把”字句时,往往用在英语中能够带直接宾语和间接宾语的动词译出。例如:
·你怎么会把那么多钱借给他?
How can I imagine you should lend him
that much money?
·请把糖送给我。
Please pass me the sugar. / Please pass
the sugar to me.
需要提示的是:英语中没有能与汉语的“把”字相
对应的词,更没有与“把”字句相对
应的句型。在翻译中,能使译文符合英语的习惯用法
,尤其是动词的惯用法便可以了。
五、零位主语“把”字句用作祈使句的译法
< br>零位主语“把”字句通常用作祈使句,对于这类句子,英译时常用“及物动词
+<
/p>
宾语”
的结构翻译。例如:
·把电源插头插入
220v
交流电源插座,将电源
开关按下。
Connect the main plug
to AC 220v source socket and push power switch to
turn on the
receiver.
原文中的“把”字句在译文中被转换成由及物动词
to connect
构成的祈使句。
·把耳机插头插入耳
机插孔后就能切断机内喇叭,供个人收听,不至于干扰别人。
Insert the earphone plug into the
socket, the built-in loudspeaker would be
automatically
switched off for a single
person to listen without bothering others.
原文中的“把耳机插头插入??”在译文中被译成祈使句“
Insert
the
earphone
plug
into...
”
。
< br>
六、含有“致使”之意的“把”字句的译法
当“把”后面的动词是“忙”
、
“累”
、
“急”
、
“气”
p>
、
“吓”
、
“热”
等表示结果的补语时,
整个句子就有“致使”的意思。在翻译这类句子时,常常可以利用
英语中含有“致使”意义
的动词。例如:
·这天气把人热得坐不住。
The
heat of weather makes one unable to sit still.
原文中的“把”含有“致使”之意,译文采用了“
to
make
”
这个含有“致使”意义的
动词,使译文与原文意义相符。
·那一趟可把我累坏了。
That
trip tired me out.
原文中含有“致使”之意的“把”字在译文中以“
to
tire out
”译出,该短语是及物动词
短语,意思是“使
某人精疲力竭”
,内含“致使”之意。
七“把”字句有时可译成英语的被动句
汉语的“把”字句有时可根据英语的语言习惯和表达需要译成英语的被动句。例如:
·简单地说,市政府计划强化这一地区的综合功能,弱化居住功能,把这里建成一个现<
/p>
代化大都会。
In short,
the district is going to be built into a modern,
metropolitan downtown focused on
urban
functions rather than residence.
这里,译文将
原文的“把”字句译成了被动句是因为译文要突出主语“地区”
。
·他所做的一切把我感动得留下了眼泪。
I was moved to tears by what he had
done.
原文中的
“把我感动得留下了眼泪”
可以作为主要信息,
译文若将这一信息突出就需要
使
用被动语态。若要突出“他所做的一切”
,也可以翻译成
What
he
had
done
moved
me
to
tears
。
EXERCISES
Ⅰ
. USEFUL TERM TRANSLATION
1.
证券
21.
证券转让
2.
证券持有者
22.
股民
3.
证券等级
23.
股票报价
4.
股票行市
24.
股本
5.
证券分析
25.
股票搀水
6.
证券公司
26.
股票囤积
7.
证券交易
27.
股票持有证
8.
证券交易程序
28.
股票贷款
9.
股票上涨
29.
股票登记
10.
证券交易公司
30.
股票抵押借款
11.
证券交易规则
31.
股票发行
12.
证券交易税
32.
股票发行溢价
13.
证券经纪公司
33.
股票发行折扣
14.
证券经纪人
34.
股票发行总额
15.
股票行情看涨
35.
股票贩子
16.
证券批发
36.
股票分割
17.
证券市场
37.
股票分红通知书
18.
证券收益及费用
38.
股票公司
19.
证券信托投资
39.
股票购进
20.
证券行情分析家
40.
股票购买证书
Ⅱ
. SENTENCE
TRANSLATION
A
1.
她希望银行能将存款开成个人支票,可是没有一家银行能提供此项服务。
2.
调查表明,在过去
6
个月,有
17%
的被访者进行了信贷消费,平均额
度近
3
万元。
3.
住房、教育、汽车、医疗是最适合借贷消费的对象。
4.
最近几年,个人信贷红红火火,住房信贷、助学信贷、汽
车信贷深入人心,各种个人信
贷正在大踏步走进寻常百姓家庭。
5.
一个美国家庭仅需要
212
p>
美金,就可以把家庭所需要的家电产品统统搬到家中。
6.
如果大家对未来宏观经济缺乏信心,对个人的收入预期就
不会理想,借钱消费就少了底
气。
7.
工商银行日前就表示,今后五年的消费贷款将以
800
亿元的幅度增长。
8.
因为目前还没有一个有效的个人信用评估体系,信贷风险
的控制还需强化。
B
1.
我错把她当作她的孪生妹妹了。
2.
他动身去美国前,给美国的一位朋友拍了封电报,把自己的到达时间告诉了他。
3.
大风把那些树都吹倒了。
4.
房地产商人把沿海滩的空地全部抢购一空。
5.
王奶奶那时总喜欢叫人把新出版的小说读给她听。
6.
她把她的书都借给了她的同学。
7.
今天是什么风把你吹来的?
8.
咱们把计划再检查一遍好吗?
9.
她总是把我们看作自家人。
10.
这兄弟俩看起来很像,你可别把他俩搞错了。
Ⅲ
. PASSAGE
TRANSLATION
第二天午后,
我上邮局去取了钱,<
/p>
在太阳晒着的大街上走了一会儿,
忽而觉得身上就淋
出汗来。我向前后左右的行人一看,
就不知不觉地把头低俯了下去。我颈上头
上的汗珠,更
同盛雨似的,一颗一颗地钻出来了。
因为我在深夜
游荡的时候,天上并没有太阳,
并且料峭
的春寒,于东方微白的
残夜,老在静寂的街巷中留着,所以我穿的那件破棉袍子,
还觉得不
十分与季节违异。
如今穿了这件夜游的敞袍,
在大街上阔步
,
于前后左右的和季节同时进行
的我的同类一比,我哪得不自惭
形秽呢?
TRANSLATION
APPRECIATION
A
1.
时不我待。
Time and
tide wait for no man.
2.
天行有常,不为尧存,不为桀亡。
Nature is the true law.
3.
人生苦短。
Life is but
a span.
4.
时间不能倒流。
Time past
cannot be called back again.
5.
实磨无声空磨响,满瓶不动半瓶摇。
Empty vessels make the greatest sound.
6.
事后诸葛亮好当。
It is easy to be wise after the event.
7.
是骡子是马,拉出来遛遛。
You never know what you can till you
try.
8.
守株待兔。
Wait for gains without pains
9.
失之毫厘,差之千里。
A miss is as good as a mile.
10.
树大招风。
Tall trees catch much wind.
11.
谁笑到最后,谁笑得最好。
He laughs best who laughs last.
12.
黎明前的黑暗。
The darkest hour is nearest the dawn.
13.
水能载舟亦能覆舟。
The water that bears the boat is the
same that swallows it up.
14.
一心不可二用。
No man
can do two things at once.
15.
人善被人欺,马善被人骑。
All
lay load on the willing horse. / If you make
yourself an ass, don
’
t
complain if people ride
you.
16.
心有余而力不足。
Eyes are bigger than
one
’
s stomach. / The spirit
is willing, but the flesh is weak.
17.
说者自说,做者自做;我行我素,人言何干?
The dogs bark, but the caravan goes on.
18.
司马昭之心,已是路人皆知。
This Sima Zhao trick is obvious to
every man in the street.
19.
用于教育的钱绝不是虚掷。
Money spent on the brain is never spent
in vain.
20.
随心所欲。
Follow what
one
’
s heart desires.
B
1.
年纪太大了
be long in
the tooth
干这种工作,他的年纪太大了。
He
’
s already long
in the tooth for such a job.
2.
人到中年
be over the
hill
人到中年才知身体健康有多重要。
People don
’
t know
the importance of good health till they are over
the hill.
3.
扫帚星
a jinx
有人说那个女人是个扫帚星,谁跟她结婚谁倒霉。
She
’
s said to be
a jinx, who would bring bad luck to whoever she
marries.
4.
外粗内秀的人
a rough
diamond
她是个外粗内秀的人。别看她大大咧咧,可干起事来总是顶呱呱。
p>
She
’
s a
rough diamond. Although she seems to be careless,
she does everything tip-top.
5.
海量
have a hollow
leg
你想灌醉他?他可是海量,从来没有醉过。
Want to drink him under the table?
Well...you can never do.
He
’
s got a hollow leg, you
know.
6.
不分上下
be neck and neck
论开车技术,小李和小王
那真是不分上下。可要说到做饭,小李可就比小王差远了。
In
the
skills
of
driving,
Xiao
Li
and
Xiao
Wang
are
neck
and
neck.
But
when
it
comes
to
cooking, Xiao Li is far
next to Xiao Wang.
7.
略胜一筹
be a notch
above
论油画,张先生比刘先生画得好。但是谈到水彩画,刘先生可就比张先生略
胜一筹了。
In oil painting, Mr.
Zhang paints better than Mr. Liu. But when it
comes to water colors, Mr.
Liu appears
to be a notch above Mr. Zhang.
8.
有头脑
be a brain
他可是个有头脑的人,绝不会相信你的那一套。
He
’
s a brain, who
wouldn
’
t be fooled into
believing your babbling.
9.
有名无实
a poor
apology
你刚才提到的那个作家只不过是个有名无实
的人。他的作品太没意思了。
The man
you
’
ve just mentioned is but
a poor apology for a writer. His writings are
tedious.
10.
绞尽脑汁
to rack one
’
s
brain
他已绞尽脑汁,可是仍未找到问题的答案。
He had racked his brain, but
hadn
’
t been able to work out
the answer to the problem.