-
Electronic Teaching Portfolio
Book Four
Unit Eight:
Globalization
Part I Get
Started
Section A
Discussion
▇
Work
in pairs or groups and discuss the following
questions.
1. What do you know about
globalization?
2. What has
globalization contributed to the world economy?
3. What negative effects has
globalization brought about?
▇
Answers for reference:
1.
Globalization
has
been
a
commonly
used
term
since
the
late
twentieth
century.
It
simply
means
that
the
world
has
become
integrated
economically,
socially,
politically
and
culturally
through the
advances in technology, transportation and
communication. It is the collaboration of
countries to boost trade, and to reduce
cultural differences.
2.
Globalization
has
contributed
to
the
world
’
s
economy
in
many
beneficial
ways.
First,
the
advances
in
science
and
technology
have
allowed
businesses
to
cross
over
frontiers
easily.
Consequently,
companies
tend
to
become
more
productive
and
competitive,
thus
raising
the
quality of goods, services and living
standards. Second, globalization provides
companies with
more and larger markets.
They can sell more goods and make more money.
Meanwhile, they can
create more jobs.
Last but not least, consumers can also benefit
from globalization. As products
become
cheaper, they can get new goods more quickly and
easily.
3.
Though
globalization
has
a
lot
of
advantages,
it
also
produces
some
negative
effects.
First,
globalization results in
more unemployment in industrialized
countries because many factories
have
moved to
developing countries
where they can
get
cheap labour. Second, it causes some
environmental
problems.
As
companies
in
the
developed
countries
open
their
factories
in
developing
countries,
serious
environmental
problems
have
occurred
in
some
developing
countries. Last, the natural resources
of some of the developing countries are being
robbed of by
some developed countries
in the process of globalization.
Section B Quotes
▇
Study
the
following
quotes
about
globalization
and
discuss
in
pairs
what
you
can
learn
from them.
Jeffrey Sachs
⊙
Globalization was a deep
trend pushed by technology and right ideas, as
much as anything
else.
—
Jeffrey Sachs
Interpretation:
1
Everything has its law of
development. The same is true of globalization.
Driven by technology
and right ideas,
it has progressed rapidly and will develop in
depth.
About Jeffrey David
Sachs
(1954- ): an American economist
and Director of the Earth Institute
at
Columbia
University.
He
is
one
of
the
youngest
economics
professors
in
the
history
of
Harvard
University.
He
is
known
for
his
work
on
the
challenges
of
economic
development,
environmental sustainability, poverty
alleviation, debt cancellation, and globalization.
Robert Reich
⊙
Globalization and free
trade do spur economic growth, and they lead to
lower prices on many
goods.
—
Robert Reich
Interpretation:
Stimulated by globalization and free
trade, the world economy grows rapidly. At the
same time,
globalization
and
free
trade
have
brought
in
fierce
competition,
and
affordable
prices
have
benefited consumers in
a great way.
About
Robert
Bernard Reich
(1946- ): an American
political economist, professor, author, and
political
commentator.
He
served
in
the
administrations
of
Presidents
Gerald
Ford
and
Jimmy
Carter and was
Secretary of Labor under President Bill Clinton
from 1993 to 1997.
Jimmy Carter
⊙
If you are totally
illiterate and living on $$1 a day, the benefits of
globalization never come to
you.
—
Jimmy Carter
Interpretation:
Though
globalization brings advantages to the world, it
also brings about a great gap between the
rich and the poor. There are still many
people living below the poverty line, who cannot
enjoy
the fruits of globalization.
About
Jimmy Carter
(1924- ): an
American politician who served as the 39th
President of the
United States
(1977
–
1981). He was awarded
the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize.
2
Larry
Summers
⊙
In
the
developing
world,
far
more
people
are
poor
because
of
too
little
globalization
rather
than too much.
—
Larry Summers
Interpretation:
People
in
many
developing
countries
are
still
poor
because
they
have
not
benefited
from
globalization.
Globalization decreases poverty in developing
countries.
About
Larry
Summers
(1954- ): an American
economist. He served as the 71st United States
Secretary of the Treasury from 1999 to
2001 under President Bill Clinton. He was Director
of the
White
House
United
States
National
Economic
Council
for
President
Barack
Obama
until
November 2010.
Section C Watching and Discussion
▇
Watch the following video
clip
“
What Is
Globalization
”
and do the
tasks that follow:
1.
Please decide
whether each of the following statements is true
(T) or false (F) based on the
information in the video clip.
( F ) Globalization is a process
through which the financial markets, societies and
cultures
have become independent and
tend to demerge.
( T ) Globalization
can also be viewed as the freedom of movement for
goods, services, and
people across
borders.
( F ) There seems to be an
agreement on that economic globalization is an
irreversible
current.
( F
) Global competition keeps prices low so inflation
has no chance to occur.
( F ) In a
globalized world, when having a economy crush, a
country can ask for help from
other
countries.
( T ) Our economy is
increasingly global as a result of mass
communication and mass
transportation.
2.
Do
you think that globalization is an irreversible
current? Why or why not? Is there any
chance for small businesses to survive?
How?
Answers for reference:
Open.
Script
：
What Is Globalization
Hello,
I
’
m Milo from , and here
we
’
ll talk about
globalization.
Globalization is a word
that we hear constantly nowadays. It can be
defined as the trend in
the
financial
markets
and
businesses
to
expand
beyond
national
and
territorial
borders
and
boundaries. It
is
a
process
through
which
the
financial
markets,
societies
and
cultures
have
become interdependent and tend to
merge, blurring the boundaries between the local,
national,
3
and
international.
It is a dynamic
process primarily led by multi-national businesses
and organizations. It can
also be
viewed as the freedom of movement for goods,
services, and people across borders. It is a
phenomenon caused by the latest
developments in mass communication and the
technologies that
have
been
developed
and
continue
to
be
developed
to
support
this
new
and
instant
way
of
communicating between
people and organizations.
The
increased ease of mobility has also greatly
contributed to this unstoppable trend. There
seems to be a disagreement on whether
economic globalization is or not an irreversible
current.
What is certain is that this
trend has substantial effects on the
world
’
s economies.
The Pros of globalization include:
?
Global
competition keeps prices low so inflation is less
likely to occur.
?
An
open
economy
can
encourage
innovation
as
people
can
exchange
ideas
freely
and
instantaneously.
?
There are more
varied and international goods available for
consumption everywhere.
On the
negative side:
?
Small businesses have difficulty
surviving in an unregulated market and usually get
eaten up
by larger competitors.
?
As
economies
become
interdependent,
a
crush
in
a
country
’
s
economy
will
affect
other
countries in a negative way.
To sum up we must understand that there
are some basic aspects to globalization:
?
Internet allows
us to be global in the way we exchange
information.
?
We
are more mobile than ever, travel has become less
expensive and people move all over
the
place and get to see and experience different
cultures.
?
Environmental problems affect us all,
issues such as air pollution, acid rain, and
climate go
beyond national borders.
?
Our
economy
is
increasingly
global
as
a
result
of
mass
communication
and
mass
transportation.
Part II Listen
and Respond
Section A Word Bank
integrated
a.
(
often in
comb
.) showing a usu. pleasing mixture
of qualities, groups. etc.
（常
构成复合词）融合的；各组成部分相互协调的；综合的，完整的
undeniable
a.
definitely true or
certain
不可否认的，无可争辩的
address
vt.
discuss,
think about, or do sth. about a particular problem
or question, esp. with
the aim of
solving a problem
探讨
[
如何处理问题
]
accordingly
ad.
in a way that is
appropriate for a particular situation or based on
what sb. has
done or said
相应地
frontier
n.
the limit or edge of the
land of one country, where it meets the land of
another
country; border
边界，边境
medium
n.
sth. that is used for a particular
purpose
手段；工具；方法
Section B
Task One:
Focusing on the Main Ideas
▇
Choose
the
best
answer
to
each
of
the
following
questions
according
to
the
information
contained in the
listening passage.
1) What
does globalization mean according to the speaker?
4
A) It means
that the world is becoming more and more
integrated.
B) It means that the
world
’
s living standards are
greatly improved.
C) It means that more
opportunities are given to the developing
countries.
D) It means that the world
is developing more and more rapidly.
2)
What benefits do companies get from globalization
according to the speaker?
A) They are
allowed to do business in the developing
countries.
B) They become more
productive and competitive by doing business
overseas.
C) Their products can reach
any place they want through modern means of
transportation.
D) They can communicate
with other companies more easily.
3)
How do people in developing countries benefit most
from globalization?
A) They can meet
various people online.
B) They can get
better education by studying overseas.
C) They can learn from people from
other countries.
D) They can study in
their home universities.
4) What new
threats does globalization bring?
A)
The quick spread of perishable items.
B) The quick spread of wildfire.
C) The quick spread of disease.
D) The quick spread of the labor-force.
5) What is the
speaker
’
s attitude towards
globalization?
A) Prejudiced.
B) Negative.
C) Subjective.
D) Objective.
▇
Key:
1) A 2)
B 3) B 4) C 5) D
Section
C Task Two: Zooming In on the Details
▇
Listen to
the
recording
again
and
fill
in
each
of
the
blanks
according
to
what
you have
heard.
Globalization
has
been
a
commonly
used
term
since
the
late
twentieth
century.
It
simply
means
that
the
world
has
become
integrated
economically,
socially,
politically
and
culturally
through
the
advances
in
technology,
transportation
and
communication.
It
is
undeniable
that
globalization
has
resulted
in
both
positive
and
negative
effects
which
must
be
addressed
accordingly.
To begin
with,
globalization has
contributed to the
world
’
s economies in
many beneficial
ways.
Advances in science and technology have allowed
businesses to easily cross over frontiers.
Consequently, companies tend to become
more productive and competitive thereby raising
the
quality of goods, services and the
world
’
s living standard.
Secondly, a very critical advantage is
the spread of education. With numerous educational
institutions around the globe, one can
move out from the home country for better
opportunities
elsewhere. Thus,
integrating with
different
cultures, meeting
and
learning from
various people
through
the
medium
of
education
is
all
due
to
globalization.
Developing
countries
or
labour-
intensive countries
have benefited the most.
5
Script:
The Advantages and Disadvantages of
Globalization
Globalization has been a
commonly used term since the late twentieth
century. It simply
means
that
the
world
has
become
integrated
economically,
socially,
politically
and
culturally
through
the
advances
in
technology,
transportation
and
communication.
It
is
undeniable
that
globalization
has
resulted
in
both
positive
and
negative
effects
which
must
be
addressed
accordingly.
To begin
with,
globalization has contributed to the
world
’
s economies in
many beneficial
ways.
Advances in science and technology have allowed
businesses to easily cross over frontiers.
Consequently, companies tend to become
more productive and competitive thereby raising
the
quality of goods, services and the
world
’
s living standards.
Secondly, a very critical advantage is
the spread of education. With numerous educational
institutions around the globe, one can
move out from the home country for better
opportunities
elsewhere. Thus,
integrating with
different
cultures,
meeting
and learning from
various
people
through
the
medium
of
education
is
all
due
to
globalization.
Developing
countries
or
labour-
intensive countries
have benefited the most.
However, one
cannot deny the negative effects resulting from
globalization. Globalization
has given
rise to more health risks and threats of
epidemics. A customary example is the dawn of
HIV/AIDS.
Having
its
origin
in
remote
regions
of
Africa,
the
virus
has
spread
like
wildfire
throughout the
globe. Furthermore, food items are also
transported to various countries, and this
is a matter of concern, especially in
the case of perishable items. The safety
regulations and the
standards
of
food
preparation
are
different
in
different
countries,
which
may
pose
a
risk
of
potential health hazards.
In
conclusion,
while
globalization
is
inevitable,
we
must
nevertheless
urge
individuals,
companies and governments to use a more
balanced approach by taking appropriate steps to
deal
with matters relating to the
financial or economic gains versus the social,
political and ecological
concerns of
the world.
Part III Read
and Explore
Text A
Section A Discovering the Main Ideas
Exercise 1:
Answer the
following questions with the information contained
in Text A.
1. What is the
speaker
’
s definition of an
inclusive globalization?
2. What does
an inclusive globalization demand of us?
3. In what ways can an inclusive
globalization be promoted?
4. What is
the impact of the 11 September attacks on the
process of globalization?
5. What
message does the speaker mean to convey?
▇
Answers for reference:
1.
According to the speaker, an inclusive
globalization recognizes and exploits the
potential of
globalization
as
a
truly
integrating
and
inclusive
force.
Its
purpose
lies
not
only
in
opening
markets but also in
expanding opportunity and promoting cooperation.
Its ultimate goal is to
ensure that
globalization benefits the whole of humanity
economically, politically and socially.
2. An inclusive globalization demands
that we tear down the walls in our minds so as to
treat
each other equally and to
recognize the interdependence between nations and
peoples. It also
6
demands that we open our minds to a
new, more integrated idea of community.
3. There are many different ways to
promote an inclusive globalization: opening
markets for the
products
of
developing
countries;
increasing
development
assistance;
promoting
good
and
transparent
governance;
addressing
diseases
and
environmental
problems
that
have
not
reached
our
shores;
recognizing
obligations
to
provide
asylum;
fostering
a
more
orderly
process of integrating migrants; and
valuing pluralism as a top priority for every
state.
4.
The 11 September
attacks
make it very clear
that humanity is
indivisible
and terrorism is
a
threat
to
everyone,
and
that
the
fight
against
terrorism
can
be
successful
only
if
people
of
different races, nations
or regions get united as one. For this purpose,
globalization must be
made to benefit
all
—
those at the margins
and those at the centre, the poor and the
privileged,
the shackled and the free.
5. The speaker urges us to deal with
the negative, unattended social and political
consequences of
globalization,
and
the
solution
lies
in
promoting
an
inclusive
globalization
to
ensure
that
globalization benefits the whole of
humanity.
Exercise 2:
Text A can be divided into five parts
with the paragraph number(s) of each part
provided as follows. Write down the
main idea of each part.
Part
Paragraph(s)
Main Ideas
There
is
still
potential
political
backlash
if
the
social
—
as
well
as
One
1
the
economic
—
consequences of
globalization are left unattended.
One
way
to
address
the
social
and
economic
consequences
of
Two
2-3
globalization is to pursue an inclusive
globalization.
An
inclusive
globalization
poses
a
challenge
to
all
people
in
the
Three
4-5
world, yet there are myriad ways in
which nations can act on this
imperative.
Dialogue
between
civilizations,
cultures
and
groups
must
be
Four
6-7
based on
genuinely shared value. The vision of a globalized
world
is based upon understanding of
and respect for differences.
The
September 11 attacks further emphasize the
essential value of
Five
8-11
unity. An inclusive globalization will
be central for us to achieving
lasting
peace and security.
Section B In-depth Study
Some
people
benefit
from
globalization,
while
others
simply
see
it
as
one
more
manifestation
of
the
inequity
of
the
world.
Kofi
Annan,
former
Secretary-General
of
the
United
Nations,
suggests
that
one
way
to
address
this
issue
is
the
pursuit
of
an
inclusive
globalization.
A
Plea
for an
“Inclusive” Globalization
Kofi Annan
1 It has often
been said that globalization is what distinguishes
our era from all its predecessors.
Globalization,
we
are
told,
is
redefining
not
only
the
way
we
engage
the
world,
but
how
we
communicate with each
other. Globalization is commonly understood to
describe the increasing
flow
of
goods,
service,
capital,
technology,
information,
ideas
and
labour
at
the
global
level,
driven by
liberalization policies and technological changes.
For a time, this logic was
borne
out
7
by reality.
Indeed, it
worked so well that in many cases underlying
schisms were ignored in the
belief
that
the
rising
tide
of
material
growth
would
eliminate
the
importance
of
political
differences
and
social
grievances.
However,
over
the
past
few
years,
I
and
others
have
urged
greater consideration for the potential
political backlash if the
social
—
as well as the
economic
—
consequences of
globalization are left unattended.
2
Today, I would like to share some thoughts on an
equally important aspect of
globalization
—
namely its
potential
to be a truly
integrating and inclusive force and the very real
dangers if it
fails to
live
up to
that potential. In other words,
just as we worry about the gap between haves
and have-nots, we need to be equally
concerned about the gulf between insiders and
outsiders in
a globalized world where
no border is impermeable, and where the
privileges
—
economic as well
as political and
social
—
of the few are
painfully apparent to those multitudes who still
yearn for
liberty
and
opportunity. We need, in short, to direct our
energies towards realizing the aspiration
inherent
in the
awkward, but revealing Arabic translation of the
word “globalization”
—
which
means
literally
“world inclusivity”.
3
Today,
I
wish
to
suggest
that
one
way
to
address
this
new
division
—
between
those
who
benefit
from globalization, and those who simply see it as
one more manifestation of the inequity
of
the
world
—
is
to
pursue
an
inclusive
globalization
whose
purpose
lies
not
only
in
opening
markets
but
in
expanding
opportunity
and
promoting
cooperation.
By
this
I
mean
the
need
to
ensure
that
the
globalization
of
economies
and
societies
is
supported
and
sustained
by
a
“globalization of
community”—
to create a wider, more
expansive definition of our duties to our
fellow men and women in the global
village, and to ensure that globalization benefits
them all
—
economically,
politically and socially.
4
Such
a
world
demands
that
we
tear
down
the
walls
in
our
own
minds
as
well
—
those
separating us from them, rich from
poor, white from black, Christian from
Muslim
—
so that we
are able to recognize the untold ways
in which we can all benefit from cooperation and
solidarity
across lines of nationality,
race or economic development. Whether it is the
area of crime, health,
the
environment,
or
the
fight
against
terrorism,
interdependence
has
ceased
to
be
an
abstract
concept, and become a reality in our
own lives. This
poses
a real
challenge not only to political
leaders, but to civil society, NGOs,
business, labour unions, thinkers, and citizens of
every nation.
We need to rethink what
belonging means, and what community means, in
order to be able to
embrace the fate of
distant people and realize that
globalization
’
s glass house
must be open to all
if it is to remain
secure.
This will require leaders in
every sector to present the choices facing the
public
in
a
different
light.
They
need
to
make
the
difficult
but
necessary
case
that
we
cannot
continue
to
exclude
the
poor,
the
disenfranchised
or
those
who
are
denied
the
basic
right
to
liberty
and
self-determination.
Or
that
if
we
do,
we
cannot
at
the
same
time
hope
to
secure
lasting
peace and prosperity.
5 There are
myriad ways in which nations can
act on
this
imperative
—
by opening
markets for
the products of developing
countries; by increased development assistance; by
promoting good
and transparent
governance;
by addressing
diseases
and environmental problems
that have not
reached our
shores, or at least not yet; by recognizing
obligations to provide asylum; by fostering
a
more
orderly
process
of
integrating
migrants;
and
by
valuing
pluralism
as
a
top
priority
for
every state.
6 The United
Nations itself was created in the belief that
dialogue can triumph over discord,
that
diversity is a universal virtue, and that the
peoples of the world are far more united by their
common
fate
than
they
are
divided
by
their
separate
identities.
This
dialogue
must
take
place
every
day among all nations
—
within
and between civilizations, cultures and groups.
But it must
8
be
based
on
genuinely shared values.
Without these values
—
values
rooted
in the Charter of the
United Nations and the Universal
Declaration of Human
Rights
—
no peace can be
lasting and no
prosperity secure. That
is the lesson of the United
Nations
’
first half-century.
It is a lesson that
we ignored
at our peril
. While it may
seem somewhat vague to speak of globalization
based on
shared values, the vision of
the world it seeks to create is quite clear and
quite specific.
7
This
vision is based on an understanding that we are
the products of many cultures, that our
strengths lie in combining the familiar
with the foreign.
This is not to say
that we cannot rightly
take pride in
our particular faith or heritage. We can and we
should. But the notion that what is
ours is necessarily in conflict with
what is theirs is both false and dangerous. It has
resulted in
endless hostilities and
conflicts, leading men and women to commit the
greatest of crimes
in the
name of
a higher power.
8 Friends, if today, after the
horror of 11 September, we see better, and we see
further
—
we will
realize that humanity is indivisible.
New threats make no distinction between races,
nations or
regions.
A
new
insecurity
has
entered
every
mind,
regardless
of
wealth
or
status.
A
deeper
awareness of the
bonds that bind us all
—
in
pain as in prosperity
—
has
gripped young and old.
The process of
globalization cannot remain unchanged in the face
of this recognition. It must be
made
to
benefit
those
at
the
margins
as
well
as
those
at
the
center,
the
poor
as
well
as
the
privileged, the shackled
as well as the free.
9 The global
reaction to the 11 September attacks should give
us courage and hope that we can
succeed
in this fight. The sight of people gathering in
cities in every part of the world from every
religion to
mourn
—
and to express
solidarity with the people of the United
States
—
proved more
eloquently than any words that
terrorism is not an issue that divides humanity,
but one that unites
it.
10
The victims of the attacks on 11 September were,
first and foremost, the innocent civilians
who lost their lives, and families who
now grieve for them. But peace,
tolerance
, mutual respect,
human
rights,
the
role
of
law
and
the
global
economy
are
all
among
the
casualties
of
the
terrorists
’
acts.
Repairing
the
damage
done
to
the
fabric
of
the
international
community
—
restoring
trust
among
peoples
and
cultures
—
will
not
be
easy.
But
just
as
a
concerted
international response can make the
work of terrorists much harder to accomplish, so
should the
unity born of this tragedy
bring all nations together in defense of the most
basic right
—
the right
of all peoples to live in peace and
security.
11 An inclusive
globalization will be central to achieving this
fundamental goal.
▇
课文参考译文
呼吁推行“包容性”全球化
科菲·安南
1
人们常说，全球化是一个不同于以往任何时代的全新时代。有人告诉我们，全球化
不仅正在重新定义我们处理世界事务的方式，也正在重新定义我们相互交流的方式。人们
通常认为，全球化描述的就是在自由化政策和技术革新的推动下，货物、服务、资本、技
术、信息、思想和劳动力越来越频繁地在全球范围内流动的情况。这个推理方法曾一度被
事实所证明是正确的。的确，它表述得如此恰当以至于在很多情况下，由于人们确信物质
财富的增加会消除政治分歧和社会不满的重要性，所以潜在的分裂被忽视了。然而，在过
去几年中，我和其他人一道，呼吁人们更多关注由于忽视全球化带来的社会和经济后果而
产生的潜在的政治反弹。
9
2
今天，我想就全球化另一个同等重要的方面和大家分
享我的想法——即全球化作为
一种真正整合、兼容的力量的潜力，以及该潜力如果不能得
以发挥而带来的危险。换句话
说，正如我们担心穷人和富人之间的差距一样，我们还要考
虑全球化的参与者和局外人之
间的隔阂。在全球化中，没有跨越不了的国界。在那些仍然
渴望自由和机会的大众看来，
少数人在经济、政治和社会生活中享有的特权是显而易见的
，这让他们感到痛心。简而言
之，阿拉伯语对全球化的翻译从字面上看就是“包容世界”
，这个翻译虽然笨拙却有启迪
意义，我们需要把精力转向实现蕴藏在这个术语内的强烈愿
望。
3
今天，我想提出一个
办法，来解决那些从全球化中受益的人和那些认为全球化只是
世界不平等的又一表现的人
之间存在的新的分歧，这就是追求一种包容性的全球化。包容
性的全球化，其目的不仅仅
在于开放市场，而且在于增加机会和促进合作。我指的是要确
保经济和社会的全球化能得
到全球化社区的支持和长期维持，从而对地球村里的男女同胞
的责任作出更加宽泛的定义
，确保全球化让全人类在经济、政治和社会生活中受益。
4
这样一个世界要求我们还要推倒我们心中的围墙，那些将我们与其他人分隔开来，
将富人与穷人、白人与黑人、基督教徒与穆斯林教徒分隔开来的围墙。只有这样，我们才
能找到前所未闻的诸多方法，让我们从跨越国界、种族和经济发展的合作与团结中获益。
无论是在整治犯罪、健康、环境领域，还是在反恐斗争的领域，相互依赖已不再是一个抽
象的概念，它已经成为我们生活中的现实。这不仅对政治领导人，而且对文明社会、非政
府间国际组织、商业、工会、思想家和每个国家的公民都构成了真正的挑战。为了关注远
离全球化的人们，为了认识到如果要让全球化这个玻璃屋完好无损，就必须让玻璃屋对所
有人开放，我们需要重新思考归属的含义是什么，社区的含义是什么。这将要求每一领域
的领导者从一个不同的角度呈现公众所面对的选择。他们必须对如下看法予以证实：我们
不能继续把穷人、被剥夺公民权利的人或那些被剥夺了最基本自由和自主权利的人排斥在
外，这很困难但很有必要。换言之，我们如果将他们排斥在外，就无法期望永久和平与繁
荣。
5
各
国实践全球化的方法多种多样：通过向发展中国家的产品开放市场，通过增加发
展援助，
通过提升良好、透明度的管理，通过关注尚未波及到（或至少暂时还没有波及
到）我们的
疾病以及环境问题，通过履行庇护的义务，通过鼓励更有序的方式吸收移民以
及通过将多
元化作为每个国家的首要任务而予以重视等等。
6 <
/p>
联合国本身的创立就是基于以下这些信念：对话能够战胜分歧；多样化对整个世界
都有好处；世界各族人民不会因为他们不同的身份相互隔离，而会因为他们共同的命运更
加紧密地团结在一起。这种对话每天都必须在所有国家，在不同的文明、文化和社会团体
之间及其内部进行。但对话必须建立在真正的共同价值观之上。如果没有这些价值观，这
些植根于《联合国宪章》和《人权宣言》的价值观，便没有持久的和平，繁荣也无法得到
保证。这就是联合国在前半个世纪的教训。我们忽视了这个教训，只能自担风险。虽然谈
论建立在共同价值观的基础上的全球化尚显得有些模糊，但是它试图创造的世界之远景是
非常清楚和明确的。
7
这个远景是建立在以下认识基础之上的：我们是不同文化的产物，我们的长处在于
能把熟悉和陌生的融合在一起。这并不是说我们不能因自己特有的信仰和遗产而理所当然
地感到自豪。我们能够而且也应该感到自豪。但是，那种认为于属于我们的东西必然与属
于他人的东西相冲突的观点不但是错误的，而且是危险的。那种观点已经导致了无尽的仇
恨与冲突，让人类假借所谓更高的权力之名犯下了滔天罪行。
10
8
< br>朋友们，“9·11”恐怖袭击之后的今天，如果我们看得更清，看得更远，那么我们
就会认识到人类是密不可分的。新的威胁是不分种族、国家和地区的。无论其财富和地位
如何，人人都有一种新的不安全感。不论是处于痛苦之中还是享受繁荣，我们都被捆绑在
一起了，这种深刻的纽带意识已经牢牢地抓住了我们的心灵，不论是年轻人还是老年人。
有了这样的认识，全球化进程不会再一成不变。全球化必须既要惠及那些处在中心的人，
又要惠及那些处于边缘的人；既要惠及有特权的人，又要惠及穷人；既要惠及自由人，又
要惠及被监禁的人。
9
全世界人民对“9?11”恐怖袭击的反应应该给我们带来战胜恐怖主义的勇气和希
望。
所有不同宗教信仰的人民聚集在世界每一个角落、每一座城市，寄托他们的哀思，表
达他
们与美国人民团结一道的决心。这一幕幕场景充分说明，恐怖主义并不能分裂人类，
反而
会使人类团结。
10
“9?
11”恐怖袭击的受害者首先是失去了生命的无辜平民百姓，以及现在还在为他
们悲痛欲
绝的千家万户。但是，和平、宽容、相互尊重、人权、法律的作用以及全球经济
全都是恐
怖分子暴行的牺牲品。要修复被损坏的国际社会结构——
重构各民族和文化之
间的相互信任——
并非易事。但是，正如团结一致的国际反恐行动使恐怖分子的行动举
步维艰一样，“9?11”悲剧带来的团结也应该让各国人民齐心协力，共同捍卫最基本的权
利，即全世界人民平安生活的权利。
11
一个包容性的全球化对实现这一根本目标是至关重要的。
Good Usage
（
Para.
1
）
It has often
been said that…
distinguishes our era from all its
predecessors
communicate with each
other
for a time
was borne out by reality
Good Usage
（
Para.
2
）
live up to
in other words
worry about
be equally concerned about
yearn for
in short
Good Usage
（
Para.
3
）
benefit from
pursue an inclusive
globalization
lies in
expanding opportunity and promoting
cooperation
in the global village
Good Usage
（
Para.4
）
tear down the walls in our own minds
separating us from them
11
poses a real challenge
to…
be open to all
secure lasting peace and prosperity
Good Usage
（
Para.
5
）
act on
open markets for the products of
developing countries
as a top priority
Good Usage
（
Para.
6
）
triumph over
take place
be based on
at our peril
speak of
shared values
Good Usage
（
Para
.7
）
combining the
familiar with the foreign
take pride
in
in conflict with
in the
name of
Good Usage
（
Para.8
）
regardless of
remain unchanged
in the face
of
Good Usage
（
Para.9
）
give us courage and hope
in
every part of the world
succeed in
Good Usage
（
Paras.10-11
）
first and foremost
restoring
trust among peoples and cultures
in
defense of
be central to
Key Words and Expressions for Text
A
plea
n.
[C(
for
)]
fml
an urgent or serious
request [
常与
for
连用<
/p>
]
〖正式〗恳求，请求
e.g.
1. He made an emotional
plea for peace at the press conference.
2. The director of the charity made an
impassioned plea for help.
慈善机构的负责人强烈请求帮助。
3. a plea for unity within the party
12
要求党内团结的呼吁
bear out
show that sb. is
right or sth. is true; support the truth of
证实；支持（某种）说法
e.g.
1. For quite some time we doubted his
honesty, but subsequent events bore him out.
2. He will bear me out in what I
advance.
他会证实我提出的情况。
3. Does the rest of the story bear out
this view?
故事的下文有证实这个观点吗？
urge
vt.
[
(on
)] suggest
very strongly; draw attention to the importance of
or need for [
常与
on
连
用
]
极力主张；强烈要求；强调
e.g.
1. We should
constantly urge ourselves to study hard.
2. We urge vigorous action to be taken
immediately.
我们强烈要求立即采取有力措施。
3. You must urge the children on or
we
’
ll never get home.
你必须催促孩子们赶路，不然我们永远也到不了家。
CF: induce, persuade, urge, convince,
counsel, coax
这些动词均有“劝说，劝导，劝诱”之意。
induce
：
指用讲道理来使某人做某事。
persuade
：
普通用词，指通过劝说、感情交流等而使对方做劝说者所希望的事。
urge
：
语气强，指不断地热情地规劝诱导。
convince
：
指凭行动、事实或言语使他人从思想感情上信服。
counsel
：
< br>较正式用词，指对一些较重大事情所提出的劝告。有时也用于非正式场
合，但仍强
调严肃的一面。
coax
：
指用好话善意或耐心劝诱、哄骗某人做某事。
potential
a.
[
no comp.
] that
may happen or become so, although not actually
existing at present
[
无比较级
]
潜在的，有可能的
e.g.
1. She is widely
regarded as a potential Olympic gold medallist.
2. We are aware of the potential
problems and have taken every precaution.
我们已意识到潜在的问题，并采取了全面的预防措施。
n.
[(
for
)] (the degree of)
possibility for developing or being favourably
developed [
常与
for
连
用
]
潜力，潜能；潜势；可能性
e.g.
1. John seemed
horrified about his potential for violence.
2. The school strives to treat pupils
as individuals and to help each one to achieve
their full
potential.
学校力求对每一个学生因材施教，帮助他们充分发挥其潜力。
CF: latent, potential
这两个形容词均含“潜在的”之意。
latent
：
指存在但看不见的现象或潜在的性质。
potential
：
强调潜在的可能性或能力。
live up to
keep to the high
standards of; do as well as sth. or sb. is
expected to
保持……的高水
13
平；遵守，实践（原则等）
；符合，
不辜负（期望等）
e.g.
1.
The editors of the newspaper tried to live up to
readers
’
expectations.
2. Had he lived up to his promise, he
would have made a fortune in sponsorship money. <
/p>
要是他遵守了诺言的话，他本应该已经从赞助费中赚了一大笔钱了。
3. I try to live up to the high
standard of the school.
我力求达到这所学校的高标准要求。
liberty
n.
[U]
esp. lit
the state of being
free from conditions that limit
one
’
s actions, so that one
can do what one likes without the
permission of others; freedom
〖尤文〗自由（权）
e.g.
1. The
citizen
’
s individual liberty
is protected by the law.
2. Such a
system would be a fundamental blow to the rights
and liberties of the English
people.
这样一种制度将对英国人民的权利与自由造成根本性的打击。
3. Two of the escaped prisoners are
still at liberty.
两名逃犯仍然逍遙法外。
Collocation:
at liberty
1.
自由：不受约束的或不受限制的；自由的
2.
空闲的，不占用的或不被使用的
take liberties
1.
过分亲昵，过于随便
2.
随意改变，自由处理
take
the liberty
擅自做某事
CF: freedom, liberty
这两个名词均有
“
自由
”
之意
。
freedom
：
含义广，指任何无限制无束缚的自由自在状态。
liberty
：
< br>常可与
freedom
换用，但强调从过去受的压制、管
束下被解救或释放出
来，也指法律所承认的特权，如言论、集会等自由。
inherent
a.
[(
in
)] present
naturally as a part of; not able to be thought of
as separate [
常与
in
连用
]
固有的；内在的
e.g.
1.
There are dangers inherent in almost
every sport.
2. The desire for freedom
is inherent in us all.
对自由的渴望是我们所有人的天性。
3. Industry and frugality are the
inherent qualities of the Chinese nation.
勤劳俭朴是中华民族的本色。
CF: inherent, essential
这两个形
容词均有
“
内在的，本质的
”
之意。
inherent
：
指物体本身固有的、不能与该物体分割的某种特性。
essential
：
指决定所属事物存在的关键因素。
literally
ad.
according to the words and not the
intention
照字面地
e.g.
1. I took what he said
literally, but afterwards it became clear that he
really meant
14