世界文化多样性宣言中英

Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity

Adopted

by

the

General

Conference

of

the

United

Nations

Educational,

Scientific

and

Cultural Organization at its thirty- first session on 2 November 2001

The General Conference ,

Committed to the full implementation of the human rights and fundamental freedoms proclaimed

in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other universally recognized legal instruments,

such as the two International Covenants of 1966 relating respectively to civil and political rights

and to economic, social and cultural rights,

Recalling that the Preamble to the Constitution of UNESCO affirms

culture, and the education of humanity for justice and liberty and peace are indispensable to the

dignity of man and constitute a sacred duty which all the nations must fulfil in a spirit of mutual

assistance and concern

Further recalling Article 1 of the Constitution, which assigns to UNESCO among other purposes

that

of

recommending

international

agreements

as

may

be

necessary

to

promote

the

free

flow of ideas by word and image

Referring to the provisions relating to cultural diversity and the exercise of cultural rights in the

international instruments enacted by UNESCO, 1

Reaffirming that culture should be regarded as the set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual

and emotional features of society or a social group, and that it encompasses, in addition to art and

literature, lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems, traditions and beliefs, 2

Noting that culture is at the heart of contemporary debates about identity, social cohesion, and the

development of a knowledge-based economy,

Affirming

that

respect

for

the

diversity

of

cultures,

tolerance,

dialogue

and

cooperation,

in

a

climate

of

mutual

trust

and

understanding

are among

the

best

guarantees

of

international

peace

and security,

Aspiring to greater solidarity on the basis of recognition of cultural diversity, of awareness of the

unity of humankind, and of the development of intercultural exchanges,

Considering

that

the

process

of

globalization,

facilitated

by

the

rapid

development

of

new

information

and

communication

technologies,

though

representing

a

challenge

for

cultural

diversity, creates the conditions for renewed dialogue among cultures and civilizations,

Aware of the specific mandate which has been entrusted to UNESCO, within the United Nations

system, to ensure the preservation and promotion of the fruitful diversity of cultures,

Proclaims the following principles and adopts the present Declaration:

Identity, diversity and pluralism

Article 1 - Cultural diversity: the common heritage of humanity

Culture takes diverse forms across time and space. This diversity is embodied in the uniqueness

and plurality of the identities of the groups and societies making up humankind. As a source of

exchange,

innovation

and

creativity,

cultural

diversity

is

as

necessary

for

humankind

as

biodiversity

is

for

nature.

In

this

sense,

it

is

the

common

heritage

of

humanity

and

should

be

recognized and affirmed for the benefit of present and future generations.

Article 2 - From cultural diversity to cultural pluralism

In our increasingly diverse societies, it is essential to ensure harmonious interaction among people

and groups with plural, varied and dynamic cultural identities as well as their willingness to live

together.

Policies

for

the

inclusion

and

participation

of

all

citizens

are

guarantees

of

social

cohesion,

the

vitality

of

civil

society

and

peace.

Thus

defined,

cultural

pluralism

gives

policy

expression to the reality of cultural diversity. Indissociable from a democratic framework, cultural

pluralism

is

conducive

to

cultural

exchange

and

to

the

flourishing

of

creative

capacities

that

sustain public life.

Article 3 - Cultural diversity as a factor in development

Cultural

diversity

widens

the

range

of

options

open

to

everyone;

it

is

one

of

the

roots

of

development, understood not simply in terms of economic growth, but also as a means to achieve

a more satisfactory intellectual, emotional, moral and spiritual existence.

Cultural diversity and human rights

Article 4 - Human rights as guarantees of cultural diversity

The

defence

of

cultural

diversity

is

an

ethical

imperative,

inseparable

from

respect

for

human

dignity.

It

implies

a

commitment

to

human

rights

and

fundamental

freedoms,

in

particular

the

rights

of

persons

belonging

to

minorities

and

those

of

indigenous

peoples.

No

one

may

invoke

cultural diversity to infringe upon human rights guaranteed by international law, nor to limit their

scope.

Article 5 - Cultural rights as an enabling environment for cultural diversity

Cultural

rights

are

an

integral

part

of

human

rights,

which

are

universal,

indivisible

and

interdependent. The flourishing of creative diversity requires the full implementation of cultural

rights as defined in Article 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in Articles 13

and 15 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and cultural Rights. All persons should

therefore be able to express themselves and to create and disseminate their work in the language of

their

choice,

and

particularly

in

their

mother

tongue;

all

persons

should

be

entitled

to

quality

education and training that fully respect their cultural identity; and all persons have the right to

participate in the cultural life of their choice and conduct their own cultural practices, subject to

respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.

Article 6 - Towards access for all to cultural diversity

While

ensuring

the

free

flow

of

ideas

by

word

and

image,

care

should

be

exercised

so

that

all

cultures

can

express

themselves

and

make

themselves

known.

Freedom

of

expression,

media

pluralism,

multilingualism,

equal

access

to

art

and

to

scientific

and

technological

knowledge,

including

in

digital

form,

and

the

possibility

for

all

cultures

to

have

access

to

the

means

of

expression

and

dissemination

are

the

guarantees

of

cultural

diversity.

Cultural

diversity

and

creativity

Article 7 - Cultural heritage as the wellspring of creativity

Creation draws on the roots of cultural tradition, but flourishes in contact with other cultures. For

this

reason,

heritage

in

all

its

forms

must

be

preserved,

enhanced

and

handed

on

to

future

generations

as

a

record

of human

experience

and

aspirations,

so

as

to

foster

creativity

in

all

its

diversity and to inspire genuine dialogue among cultures.

Article 8 - Cultural goods and services: commodities of a unique kind

In

the

face

of

present-day

economic

and

technological

change,

opening

up

vast

prospects

for

creation and innovation, particular attention must be paid to the diversity of the supply of creative

work, to due recognition of the rights of authors and artists and to the specificity of cultural goods

and

services

which,

as

vectors

of

identity,

values

and

meaning,

must

not

be

treated

as

mere

commodities or consumer goods.

Article 9 - Cultural policies as catalysts of creativity

While

ensuring

the

free

circulation

of

ideas

and

works,

cultural

policies

must

create

conditions

conducive to the production and dissemination of diversified cultural goods and services through

cultural industries that have the means to assert themselves at the local and global level. It is for

each

State,

with

due

regard

to

its

international

obligations,

to

define

its

cultural

policy

and

to

implement

it

through

the

means

it

considers

fit,

whether

by

operational

support

or

appropriate

regulations.

Cultural diversity and international solidarity

Article 10 - Strengthening capacities for creation and dissemination worldwide

In

the

face

of

current

imbalances

in

flows

and

exchanges

of

cultural

goods

and

services

at

the

global level, it is necessary to reinforce international cooperation and solidarity aimed at enabling

all

countries,

especially

developing

countries

and

countries

in

transition,

to

establish

cultural

industries that are viable and competitive at national and international level.

Article 11 - Building partnerships between the public sector, the private sector and civil society

Market forces alone cannot guarantee the preservation and promotion of cultural diversity, which

is the key to sustainable human development. From this perspective, the pre- eminence of public

policy, in partnership with the private sector and civil society, must be reaffirmed.

Article 12 - The role of UNESCO

UNESCO, by virtue of its mandate and functions, has the responsibility to:

(

a

)

Promote

the

incorporation

of

the

principles

set

out

in

the

present

Declaration

into

the

development strategies drawn up within the various intergovernmental bodies;

(

b

)

Serve

as

a

reference

point

and

a

forum

where

States,

international

governmental

and

non-governmental

organizations,

civil

society

and

the

private

sector

may

join

together

in

elaborating concepts, objectives and policies in favour of cultural diversity;

( c ) Pursue its activities in standard-setting, awareness-raising and capacity-building in the areas

related to the present Declaration within its fields of competence;

( d ) Facilitate the implementation of the Action Plan, the main lines of which are appended to the

present Declaration.

1 Among which, in particular, the Florence Agreement of 1950 and its Nairobi Protocol of 1976,

the

Universal

Copyright

Convention

of

1952,

the

Declaration

of

Principles

on

International

Cultural Co- operation of 1966, the Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the

Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property (1970), the Convention for

the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage of 1972, the UNESCO Declaration on Race

and Racial Prejudice of 1978, the Recommendation concerning the Status of the Artist of 1980,

and the Recommendation on Safeguarding Traditional and Popular Culture of 1989.

2

This

definition

is

in

line

with

the

conclusions

of

the

World

Conference

on

Cultural

Policies

(MONDIACULT,

Mexico

City,

1982),

of

the

World

Commission

on

Culture

and

Development

( Our Creative Diversity , 1995), and of the Intergovernmental Conference on Cultural Policies for

Development (Stockholm, 1998).

中文版

联合国教科文组织

2001

年

11

月

2

根据第

IV

委员会的报告通过的决议

前言

重视充分实现《世界人权宣言》和

1 966

年关于公民权利和政治权利及关于经济、社会

与文化权利 的两项国际公约等其他普遍认同的法律档中宣布的人权与基本自由，

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