The Unanimous Declaration of the Thirteen United States of A

独立宣言（中英文对照）

The Declaration of Independence

英属北美殖民地人民宣布独立的纲 领性文件。

1775

年北美殖民地爆发了独立战争。

年

7

月

4

日第

2

届大陆会议通 过了

《独立宣言》

，

是日定为美国国庆 日。资产阶级民主派

T

．杰

斐逊是宣言 的主要起草人。

宣言继承和发展了天赋人权和社会契约理论，

阐 述了殖民地人民

争取独立的理论根据。宣言宣布，一切人生而平等，上帝赋予他们诸如生 存、自由和追求幸

福等不可让与的权利。指出，为保障上述权利，人们才建立政府，

任何政府一旦损害这些权

利，

人们就有权改 换它或废除它，

建立新政府。

宣言列举和痛斥了英王对殖民地实 施的暴政，

向全世界庄严宣告北美殖民地脱离英国，由独立的美利坚合众国正式成立。< /p>

《独立宣言》第

一次以政治纲领形式确立了资产阶级的革命原则— —人权原则。

The

Declaration,

which

explained

why

the

Colonies

(now

States)

declared

their

independence, was adopted by the Continental Congress July 4, 1776. The leading

draftsman

was

Thomas

Jefferson,

assisted

by

John

Adams,

Benjamin

Franklin,

Robert R. Livingston, and Roger Sherman.] The text follows below.

The

Unanimous

Declaration

of

the

Thirteen

United

States of America

美利坚合众国

13

< br>个州的一致宣言

WHEN

in

the

Course

of

human

Events,

it

becomes

necessary

for

one

People

to

dissolve

the

Political Bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the Powers of the

Earth, the separate and equal Station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them,

a decent Respect to the Opinions of Mankind requires that they should declare the causes which

impel them to the Separation.

在有关人类事务的发展过程中，

当一 个民族必须解除其和另一个民族之间的政治联系并在世

界各国之间依照自然法则和上帝的 意旨，

接受独立和平等的地位时，

出於对人类舆论的尊重，

必须把他们不得不独立的原因予以宣布。

WE hold these Truths to be self- evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by

their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of

Happiness -- That to secure these Rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their

just Powers from the Consent of the Governed, that whenever any Form of Government becomes

1

独立宣言（中英文对照）

destructive of these Ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new

Government, laying its Foundation on such Principles, and organizing its Powers in such Form, as

to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate

that

Governments

long

established

should

not

be

changed

for

light

and

transient

Causes;

and

accordingly all Experience hath shewn, that Mankind are more disposed to suffer, while Evils are

sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the Forms to which they are accustomed. But

when

a

long

Train

of

Abuses

and

Usurpations,

pursuing

invariably

the

same

Object,

evinces

a

Design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their Right, it is their Duty,

to throw off

such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future Security. Such has been the patient

Sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the Necessity which constrains them to alter their

former Systems of Government. The History of the present King of Great- Britain is a History of

repeated

Injuries

and

Usurpations,

all

having

in

direct

Object

the

Establishment

of

an

absolute

Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid World---.

我们认为下面这些真理是不言而喻的

:

人人生而平等，造物者赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权

利，其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。为了保障这些权利

< /p>

，人类才在他们之间

建立政府，

而政府之 正当权力，

是经被治理者的同意而产生的。

当任何形式的政府对 这些目

标具破坏作用时，人民便有权力改变或废除它，以建立一个新的政府

;

其赖以奠基的原则，

其 组织权力的方式，

务使人民认为唯有这样才最可能获得他们的安全和幸福。

为了慎重起见，

成立多年的政府，

是不应当由於轻微 和短暂的原因而予以变更的。

过去的一切经验也都说明，

任何苦 难，

只要是尚能忍受，

人类都宁愿容忍，

而无意为了本身的权益便废除他们久已习惯

了的政府。

但是，

当追逐同一目标的一连串滥用职权和强取豪夺发生，

证明政府企 图把人民

置於专制统治之下时，

那麽人民就有权利，

并为他们未来的安全建

立 新的保障——这就是这些殖民地过去逆来顺受的情况，

也是它们现在不得不改变以前政府

制度的原因。

当今大不列颠国王的历史，

是接连不断的伤天害理和强取豪夺的历史，

这些暴

行的唯一目 标，

就是想在这些州建立专制的暴政。

为了证明所言属实，

现把下列事实向公正

的世界宣布

-----

HE has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public Good.

他拒绝批准对公众利益最有益、最必要的法律。

HE

has

forbidden

his

Governors

to

pass

Laws

of

immediate

and

pressing

Importance,

unless

suspended in their Operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has

utterly neglected to attend to them.

他禁止他的总督们批准迫切而极为必要的法律，

要不就把这些法律搁置起来暂不生效，

等待

他的同意

;

而一旦这些法律被搁 置起来，他对它们就完全置之不理

HE has

refused

to

pass

other

Laws

for

the

Accommodation

of

large

Districts

of

People,

unless

those People would relinquish the Right of Representation in the Legislature, a Right inestimable

to them, and formidable to Tyrants only.

他拒绝批准便利广大地区人民 的其他法律，

除非那些人民情愿放弃自己在立法机关中的代表

权

;

但这种权利对他们有无法估量的价值，而且只有暴君才畏惧 这种权利

HE has called together Legislative Bodies at Places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the

2

独立宣言（中英文对照）

Depository of their public Records, for the sole Purpose of fatiguing them into Compliance with

his Measures.

< br>他把各州立法团体召集到异乎寻常的、

极为不便的、

远离 它们档案库的地方去开会，

唯一的

目的是使他们疲於奔命，不得 不顺从他的意旨

HE

has

dissolved

Representative

Houses

repeatedly,

for

opposing

with

manly

Firmness

his

Invasions on the Rights of the People.

他一再解散各州的议会，因 为它们以无畏的坚毅态度反对他侵犯人民的权利

HE has refused for a long Time, after such Dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the

Legislative Powers, incapable of the Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their

exercise;

the

State

remaining

in

the

mean

time

exposed

to

all

the

Dangers

of

Invasion

from

without, and the Convulsions within.

他在解散各州议会之后，

又长期拒绝 另选新议会

;

但立法权是无法取消的，

因此这项权力仍

由一般人民来行使。

其时各州仍然处於危险的 境地，

既有外来侵略之患，

又有发生内乱之忧

< br>

HE

has

endeavoured

to

prevent

the

Population

of

these

States;

for

that

Purpose obstructing

the

Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their Migrations hither,

and raising the Conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.

他竭力抑制我们各州增加人囗

;

为此 目的，

他阻挠外国人入籍法的通过，

拒绝批准其地鼓励