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南京【真题长难句实战
20
句】解析
1
．
This trend
began during the Second World War, when several
governments came to
the
conclusion
that
the
specific
demands
that
a
government
wants
to
make
of
its
scientific establishment
cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
结构分析：句子主干是
This trend began
during
?
,
when
?引导时间状语从句
,
第<
/p>
一个
that
引导同位语从句，表明
conclusion
的内容。第二个
th
at
引导的是修饰
demands
的定
语从句。
译文：
这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，
当时一些国家的政
府得出结论：
政府
向科研机构提出的具体要求，通常是无法详尽
预见的。
2
．
This seems
mostly effectively done by supporting a certain
amount of research not
related to
immediate goals but of possible consequence in the
future.
结构分析：
句子主干是
This
seems
?
done by supporting a
certain amount of research
not
?
but
?，
not
?
but
句型，意为“不是??而是??”
译文：
给某些与当前目标无关，
但将来可能产生影响的科研提供支持，
看来通常
能有效地解决这一问题。
3
．
However, the
world is so made that elegant systems are in
principle unable to deal
with some of
the world's more fascination and delightful
aspects.
结构分析：句子主干是
However, the world
is so made that
?
systems
are
?
unable to
deal with some of the
?
aspects
。
so made
< br>指
“如此构成”
，
so
和后面的
that
构成
so
?
that
结构，意为“如此?以
至于?”
。
译文：然而
,
世界就是这样。一般而言
,
完美的体系无法解决世界上某些更加引人
入胜的课题。
4
．
New forms of
thought as well as new subjects for thought must
arise in the future
as they have in the
past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.
结构分析：句子主干是
New
forms
?
must
arise
?
as they have in the
past
。主语是
new
forms
和
new
subjects
，后跟介词短语
as well as
new subjects for
thought
，谓
语是
must a
rise
。
as
在这里引导状语从句<
/p>
as they have in the past
，
have
后省略了
arisen
，其内容与本句主语一致。
giving rise
to
?是一个现在分词短语做状语。
译文：
同过去一样，
将来必然会出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象，
给完美以新
的标准。
5
．
For Lloyd
Nickson, a 54 years old Darwin resident suffering
from lung cancer, the
NT Rights of
Terminally III law means he can get on with living
without the haunting
fear of his
suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing
condition.
结构分析：句子主干是
the NT
Rights
?
means he can get on
with living without
?。
For
Lloyd Nickson,
是状语，
“
a 54 years o
ld
?
cancer
”为
Lolyd Nicks
的同位语。
此句的核心结构
为
Rights means
?，
he
can get on with living
without
?是一个宾语
从句。
译文：对于现年
< br>54
岁居住在达尔文的肺癌患者尼克逊来说，这个法案意味着他
< br>可以平静地生活下去，
而无须终日担心将要到来的折磨：
因呼吸困难而在煎熬中
死去。
6
．
Someone
traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often
had nowhere to turn except
to the
nearest cabin or settlement.
结构分析：
句子主干
Someone
had nowhere to turn to
。
trave
ling
是现在分词，
是修
饰
someone
的定语。
if
< br>引导的从句中均省略了“主语＋
be
动词”的结构，这样
显得句子简洁。
译文：独自旅行时，如果没有了食物，受了伤或者生了病，通
常只能向最近的小
屋或者村落求救。
7
．
We
live a society in which the medicinal and social
use of substances (drugs) is
pervasive:
an
aspirin
to
quiet
a
headache,
some
wine
to
be
sociable,
coffee
to
get
going in the morning, a cigarette for
the nerves.
结构分析：句子主干是
We live in a socie
ty
。此句句子虽长，但是结构并不复杂，
可以从冒号开始分为
两个部分。
in which
引导了一个定语从句。该从句的分
句谓
语动词是
is
而不是
are
，是因为在这个从句中主语是
use
，而不是
substances
。在
冒号后的部分中，
quiet
是及物动词，是“镇
静”的意思。
译文：在我们生活的社会里，物质（药品）被广
泛地运用于社交和医疗，比如说
服用阿司匹林来缓解头疼，
喝酒
来应酬，
早晨喝咖啡来提神，
吸烟来镇定情绪等。
8
．
Dependence is
marked first by an increased tolerance, with more
and more of the
substance
required
to
produce
the
desired
effect,
and
then
by
the
appearance
of
unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the
substance is discontinued.
结构分析：句子主干是
Dependence is
marked first by
?
,
with
?
, and then by
?。
with
引导的是伴随结构作状语，修饰的是整个第一分
句描述的状态。
and
引导的
分句省略
了谓语动词
marked
，所以该分句并不隶属于第一分句，
而是与之并列
的结构，
when
引导的
是第二个分句的时间状语从句。
译文：
依赖最初表现为忍耐力增强，
用
量越来越大才能达到预期效果，
一旦停用
就会产生不舒服的症状
。
9
．
But he talked
as well about the
“
balanced
struggle
”
between
creative freedom and
social
responsibility,
and
he
announced
that
the
company
would
launch
a
drive
to
develop standards for
distribution and labeling of potentially
objectionable music.
结构分析：句子主干是
But he talked as
well about
?
, and he
announced that
?由
and
连接的两个并列成分构成。第二个分句中有一个
that
引
导的宾语从句。
译文：但他也谈到了创作自由与社会责任之间要“努力保持均衡”这一问题。他
宣布公司将发起一次活动，
以制定有关发行和标识可能招致大众反对的音乐的各
种标准。
10
．
Average
inflation in the big seven industrial economies
fell to a mere 2.3% last
year, close to
its lowest level in 30 years, before rising
slightly to 2.5% this July.
结构分析：
句子主干是
Average
inflation fell
。
close
to
相当于省略了
which was
的
非限制性定语从句。
Before
后
面的成分是对全句的补充说明，是状语成分。状语
成分可以置句首，也可以置句末，并无
规定。之所以用
rising
，是因为
before
在
这里是介词。
译文：去年
,
七大工业国家的通货膨胀率下降到了
2.3%
，接近
30
年来最低水平，
今年
7
月才小幅上涨到
2.5%
，比许多国家
70
年代和
80
年代两位数低了很多。
11
．
Economists
have
been
particularly
surprised
by
favorable
inflation
figures
in
Britain
and
the
United
States,
since
conventional
measures
suggest
that
both
economies, and especially America's,
have little productive slack.
结构分析：
句子主干是
Economists have been
?
surprised
。
主句
用现在完成时
have
been
?。
Since
引导的是表原因的状语从句。
译文：
特别让经济学家感到诧异的是，
英美两国的通货膨胀带来的是良性的结果。
因为传统的分析方法表明，两国尤其是美国的经济生产
,
< br>几乎没有闲置的生产资
源。
12
．
Actually
it
isn't,
because
it
assumes
that
there
is
an
agreed
account
of
human
rights, which is
something the world does not have.
结构分析：句子主干是
Actually it isn
’
t
?。主句很简单，而
because
引导的原因
状语从句中，
< br>又有一个
that
引导的宾语从句。
这个从句中，
主语
an agreed account
of human rights
由一个
which
引导的非限制性定语从句修饰，而这个非限制性定
语从句中又有一个限制性定语从句
the world does not have<
/p>
来修饰
something
。
译文：事实并非如
此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的，
而这种共同认识并不存在。
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