2020年7月高考英语试题(北京卷) (试题+答案+解析)

2020

年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）

英

语

本试卷共

12

页，共

120

分。考试时长

100

分钟。考生务 必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上

作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，

45

分）

第一节

语法填空（共

10

小题；每小题

1.5

分，共

15

分）

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填 空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写

1

个适当的单词，在给出

提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

A

Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food 1

(play) a big role in his life. “My

mum was a great cook, and she’d sometimes let me have a try,” he said. The first dish Oliver prepared for

his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his mum’s help. Oliver says if you’re 2

(luck)

enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them 3

you can join in when it’s

possible.

B

Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they 4

(throw) away. It takes them

hundreds of years 5

(break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can

trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. Over time, the bags fall apart 6

countless tiny pieces,

and fish can accidentally eat some of them. Now, lots of 7

(country) and regions are taking action

to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.

C

A piece of stone 8

(find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as

Neanderthals,

were

cleverer

than

previously

thought. The

Neanderthals

9

(live)

alongside

human

ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40,000 years ago. They were much

stronger than modern humans, but it’s long been assumed that human ancestors were 10

(smart) than

the Neanderthals. However, the stone tool made by Neanderthals suggests otherwise.

第二节

完形填空（共

20

小题；每小题

1.5

分，共

30

分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的

< br>A

、

B

、

C

、

D

四个选项中，选出最佳选项 ，并在答

题卡上将该项涂黑。

My faith in human nature has never been so great as it was last weekend after our family get-together

in the town of Vail.

On Saturday, we all went to the market right in the middle of the town. Near the end, we all

11

at

the fountain near the bridge, and the kids waded (

蹚水

) around in the fountain until we

12

. This is

one of the busiest walking streets.

After we returned to the hotel late in the afternoon, my 7-year-old son Ponder

13

that nowhere

could

he find his

backpack, which

14

his

Gameboy and his

watch. After a thorough

15

, we

determined that he must have left it at the fountain.

Ponder has never

16

anything. So we just take for granted that he needs no supervision (

指导

)

for managing his

17

. He was upset, not about the Gameboy, but about the watch. “But Dad,” he said,

through massive

18

, “they don’t make that kind of watch anymore.” We were all very

19

.

Our dinner reservation was at a restaurant just on the other side of the bridge, so I

20

him that we

would not only search the area around the fountain when we went back for dinner, but we would also find

the police and ask them if the backpack had been

21

.

As we exited from the parking garage, we could see the fountain as we walked down the long staircase.

I saw something black

22

there, but it was right next to a woman standing by the fountain, so I could

not

23

what it was or if it was hers.

“See it, Dad?” Ponder shouted. “Don’t get too

24

because that may not be it,” I said. But that was

it. It had been five or six hours since we left the fountain, and it was

25

there. There was no ID in it,

and it looked like someone had looked through it and then set it right out where all could

26

it.

I literally

27

when we reached it and it was his! Everyone in our party was blown away by this

“miracle (

奇迹

)” . In my wildest

28

, I would never have imagined that this could happen nowadays.

What

a

charmed

life,

eh?

I

believe

this

was

a

perfect

29

for

a

child

in

losing

something

important … to lose it and feel the full

30

of that loss, and then to miraculously get it back.

11. A. drove

B. hiked

C. met

D. united

12. A. landed

B. left

C. settled

D. slept

13. A. responded

B. recognized

C. realized

D. recalled

14. A. contained

B. combined

C. comprised

D. covered

15. A. preparation

B. checkup

C. revision

D. search

16. A. wasted

B. lost

C. sought

D. deserted

17. A. emotion

B. time

C. money

D. stuff

18. A. tears

B. fists

C. reliefs

D. outbreaks

19. A. hesitant

B. curious

C. sad

D. eager

20. A. promised

B. informed

C. warned

D. taught

21. A. worn out

B. caught up

C. put away

D. turned in

22. A. hiding

B. sitting

C. swinging

D. flowing

23. A. assess

B. declare

C. tell

D. predict

24. A. excited

B. puzzled

C. relaxed

D. amused

25. A. already

B. even

C. almost

D. still

26. A. take

B. see

C. touch

D. protect

27. A. panicked

B. exploded

C. collapsed

D. cried

28. A. dreams

B. claims

C. efforts

D. passions

29. A. mode

B. lesson

C. option

D. plot

30. A. range

B. pressure

C. weight

D. harvest

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，

40

分）

第一节（共

15

小题；每小题

2

分，共

30

分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的

A

、

B

、

C

、

D

四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡 上将该

项涂黑。

A

Lancom is a worldwide language learning app and a leader in the online language learning industry

with

millions

of

active

subscribers. We

house

a

broad

range

of

experts

united

by

the

common

goal

of

creating the best language learning tools possible. With advice from AI specialists, art designers and culture

researchers, our multi-language experts endow (

赋予

) Lancom with an enormous potential for innovation

within

the

world

of

language

learning.

Our

courses,

totalling

20,000

hours

of

content

in

20

different

languages, guarantee you language skills you can use right away.

At the core of Lancom is a world-class effective method that enhances language learning with advanced

technology. Examples and dialogues are recorded with real native speakers instead of automatic computers.

Lancom trains your brain to learn efficiently, so you absorb more information while in the app and continue

learning outside of it. The app makes our practical language lessons available wherever and whenever. We

work directly for our learners, not for any third party. And it’s all supported by an efficient customer service

team, available through telephone, email and online chat.

Millions of learners have their own stories and their own reasons for learning a new language. Lancom

cares about you and addresses your individual learning type. Lancom is the only product to offer courses

tailored to your native language, building on grammar and words you already know. Our content is about

real-life topics that are relevant because we know what matters to you is what sticks best. You will find it

very rewarding to learn with Lancom.

Choose Your Subscription and Get Started

1 month

3 months

6 months

12 months

$$12.95/m

$$8.95/m

$$7.45/m

$$6.95/m

Buy with confidence: 21-day money back guarantee! If

you aren’t satisfied, just write to Customer

Service within 21 days.

Contact & Support: customerservice@

31. Who can provide Lancom with a huge potential for innovation in learning?

A. Culture researchers.

B. AI specialists.

C. Language experts.

D. Art designers.

32. What lies at the core of the Lancom app?

A. A flexible system.

B. An effective method.

C. The brain-training technique.

D. The informative content.

33. Lancom claims that it is unique in its

.

A. personalised courses

B. multiple languages

C. pricing policy

D. service team

B

Baggy has become the first dog in the UK—and potentially the world—to join the

fight against air pollution by recording pollutant levels near the ground.

Baggy wears a pollution monitor on her collar so she can take data measurements

close to the ground. Her monitor has shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to

ground level, which has helped highlight concerns that babies and young kids may be at

higher risk of developing lung problems.

Conventional

air

pollution

monitors

are

normally

fixed

on

lampposts

at

about

nine

feet

in

the

air.

However, since Baggy stands at about the same height as a child in a pushchair (

婴儿车

), she frequently

records pollution levels which are much higher than the data gathered by the Environment Agency.

The doggy data research was the idea of Baggy’s 13-year-old owner Tom Hunt and his dad Matt. The

English youngster noticed that pollution levels are around two-thirds higher close to the ground than they

are in the air at the height where they are recorded by the agency. Tom has since reported the shocking

findings to the government in an attempt to emphasise that babies are at higher risk of developing asthma

(

哮喘

).

Matt Hunt said he was “very proud” of his son because “when the boy gets an idea, he keeps his head

down and gets on with it, and he really does want to do some good and stop young kids from getting asthma.”

“Tom built up a passion for environmental protection at a very early age,” Matt added. “He became

very interested in gadgets (

小装置

). About one year ago, he got this new piece of tech which is like a test

tube. One Sunday afternoon, we went out to do some monitoring, and he said, ‘why don’t we put it on

Baggy’s collar and let her monitor the pollution?’ So we did it.”

Tom said, “Most of the time, Baggy is just like any other dog. But for the rest of the time she is a super

dog, and we are all really proud of her.”

34. With a monitor on her collar, Baggy can

.

A. take pollutant readings

B. record pollutant levels

C. process collected data

D. reduce air pollution

35. What can we learn from the Baggy data?

A. High places are free of air pollution.

B. Higher pushchairs are more risky for kids.

C. Conventional monitors are more reliable.

D. Air is more polluted closer to the ground.

36. What is Tom’s purpose of doing the research?

A. To warn of a health risk.

B. To find out pollution sources.

C. To test his new monitor.

D. To prove Baggy’s abilities.

37. According to the passage, which word can best describe Tom Hunt?

A. Modest.

B. Generous.

C. Creative.

D. Outgoing.

C

For the past five years, Paula Smith, a historian of science, has devoted herself to re-creating long-

forgotten

techniques.

While

doing

research

for

her

new

book,

she

came

across

a

16th-century

French

manuscript (

手稿

) consisting of nearly 1,000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to

finding the best sand.

The author’s intention remains as mysterious (

神秘

) as his name; he may have been simply taking notes

for his own records. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn’t truly grasp any of the skills the

author described. “You simply can’t get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it,” she says.

Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand, doing things the old- fashioned way isn’t just about

playing around with French mud. Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen (

工匠

) who lived centuries ago

can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops

that produced them. It can even help solve present-day problems: In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th-

century English medicine for eye problems could kill a drug-resistant virus.

The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how an object was made

in order to preserve it. What’s more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked

like before time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman

statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We can’t appreciate these kinds of

details without seeing works of art as they originally appeared—something Smith believes you can do only

when you have a road map.

Smith has put the manuscript’s ideas into practice. Her final goal is to link the worlds of art and science

back together. She believes that bringing the old recipes to life can help develop a kind of learning that

highlights experimentation, teamwork, and problem solving.

Back when science—then called “the new philosophy”—took shape, academics looked to craftsmen

for help in understanding the natural world. Microscopes and telescopes were invented by way of artistic

tinkering (

修补

), as craftsmen experimented with glass to better bend light.

If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best

of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors.

38. How did Smith feel after reading the French manuscript?

A. Confused about the technical terms.

B. Impressed with its detailed instructions.

C. Discouraged by its complex structure.

D. Shocked for her own lack of hand skills.

39. According to Smith, the reconstruction work is done mainly to

.

A. restore old workshops

B. understand the craftsmen

C. improve visual effects

D. inspire the philosophers

40. Why does the author mention museums?

A. To reveal the beauty of ancient objects.

B. To present the findings of old science.

C. To highlight the importance of antiques.

D. To emphasise the values of hand skills.

41. Which would be the best title for this passage?

A. Craftsmen Set the Trends for Artists

B. Craftsmanship Leads to New Theories

C. Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists

D. Craftsmen Reshape the Future of Science

D

Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms (

算法

) carry out huge

volumes

of

trading

on

our

financial

markets,

self-driving

cars

are

appearing

on

city

streets,

and

our

smartphones are translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more

perceptive than we humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have

been designed. That is something that some AI developers are now eager to change.

Some of today’s AI pioneers want to move on from today’s world of “weak” or “narrow” AI, to create

“strong” or “full” AI, or what is often called artificial general intelligence (AGI). In some respects, today’s

powerful computing machines already make our brains look weak. AGI could, its advocates say, work for

us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems. DM, a

company focused on the development of AGI, has an ambition to “solve intelligence”. “If we’re successful,”

their mission statement reads, “we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial

scientific advances ever made.”

Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an

imaginative

mathematician

called

Irving

Good

predicted

the

eventual

creation

of

an

“ultra-intelligent

machine … that can far surpass all the intellectual (

智力的

) activities of any man, however clever.” Good

went on to suggest that “the first ultra-intelligent machine” could be “the last invention that man need ever

make.”

Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent

machines

have been reinforced

(

强化

) by many works of fiction—Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and the Terminator film series, for example.

But if AI does eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of human-shaped forms

like

these,

with

recognisably

human

motivations

such

as

aggression

(

敌对行为

).

Instead,

I

agree

with

Oxford University philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from AGI do not come

from a decision to turn against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense

of everything else.

The

promise

and

danger

of

true AGI

are

great.

But

all

of

today’s

excited

discussion

about

these

possibilities presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, having spoken to many

of the world’s foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see AGI any

time soon, if ever.

42. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?

A. Enormous in quantity.

B. Changeable daily.

C. Stable in quality.

D. Present everywhere.

43. What could AGI do for us, according to its supporters?

A. Help to tackle problems.

B. Make brains more active.

C. Benefit ambitious people.

D. Set up powerful databases.

44. As for Irving Good’s opinion on ultra-intelligent machines, the author is

.

A. supportive

B. disapproving

C. fearful

D. uncertain

45. What can be inferred about AGI from the passage?

A. It may be only a dream.

B. It will come into being soon.

C. It will be controlled by humans.

D. It may be more dangerous than ever.

第二节（共

5

小题；每小题

2

分，共

10

分）

根据短文内容，

从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选< /p>

项。

Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one’s head in the sand and ignoring

daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to

himself. Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some

events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself.

46

Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to

stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive

thinking tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors.

They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do.

47

People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans (

寿命

), lower rates of depression

and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive

thinking

also

contributes

to

one’s

ability

to

deal

with

problems

and

hardships.

48

For

example,

researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster,

positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer (

缓冲作用

) against depression and anxiety. Resilient (

适应

性强的

) people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement

of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems

as a source of additional stress.

49

In

conclusion,

positive

thinking

is

a

powerful

and

effective

tool

for

dealing

with

hard

times

and

improving

the

quality

of

one’s

life.

It

doesn’t

have

anything

to

do

with

ignorant

optimism

when

an

individual refuses to notice a problem.

50

Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about

many benefits to one’s physical and mental health.

A. It doesn’t cause any severe emotional discomfort, either.

B. Negative self- talk damages self-confidence and decreases self- respect.

C. It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations.

D. Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind.

E. As thinking changes, an individual’s behaviour and habits change as well.

F. They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking.

G. They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small.

第三部分：书面表达（共两节，

35

分）

第一节（

15

分）

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华 。你们学校英语戏剧俱乐部外籍指导教师

Jim

国。复学在即，作为俱乐部负责人，你给

Jim

写一封电子邮件，请他推荐一名外籍指导教师， 内

容包括：

1.

条件及要求；

2.

表示感谢并提醒注意防护。

注意：< /p>

1

．词数不少于

50

；

2< /p>

．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim,

Yours,

Li Hua

第二节（

20

分）

假设你是红星中学高三（

1

）班班长李华。居家学习期间，你们班开展了一次以

”

自律

”

为主题

的调研活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文稿件，