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Lexicology
Lecture 4
I Test
1
________ Henry felt a great
weight taken off his mind.
A. His
duty was fulfilled
B. His duty fulfilled
C. His duty fulfilling
D. His duty had been
fulfilled
2
．
Air is to us
_______ water is to fish. We should take
measures to keep air and water clean.
A. that
B.
what
C. it
D. which
3. Listening to lecture
given by Professor Stephen Hawking is
an exiting moment, _______ I am looking
forward to.
A. what
B. that
C. it
D. one
4. Once ___, this power station will
supply all the neighboring
towns and
villages with electricity.
A. it being
completed
B. it
completed
C. completed
D.
it completes
5. I would have gone to
visit him in the hospital had it been at
all possible, but I ___ fully occupied
the whole of last week.
A. were
B. had been
C. have been
D. was
6. But that
he ___ short of money at the time, he would have
come to help us.
A. had
been
B. was
C. has been
D. would be
7
．
In her time,
Mrs. Duncan was _______ today a liberated
woman
A. calling what we
would
B. who would be calling
C. what we would call
D. she would call it
8
．
At each end of
the tube_______, one which gathers light and
one which magnifies the image
A. are two lenses there
B.
two lenses are
C. are two lenses
D . two lenses are there
9
、
You see the
lightning ____________ it happens ,but you hear
the thunder later.
A.
the instant
B. for an instant
C. on the
instant D. this instant
10.
The
joys
of
travel,
having
long ______the
disabled,
are
opening up to virtually
anyone who has the means.
A. omitted B.
missed C. neglected D. discarded
11._______quite recently, most mothers
in Britain did not take
paid work
outside the home.
A. until B. before C.
from D. since
12.___
If I had arrived yesterday without
letting you know
beforehand?
A. would you be surprised
B. were you surprised
C. had you been surprised
D. would you have been surprised
13. The student said there were a few
points in the essay he
______impossible
to comprehend.
A. had found
B. finds
C.
has found
D. would find
14. They tried to prevent
the marriage but it took place _ ___.
A .notwithstanding
B .thereafter
C .inasmuch
D
.henceforth
15. In the past several
years , the representatives of the two
countries have met frequently to
discuss ____ _ issues.
A. a cluster of
B. a host of
C. a flock of
D. a bunch of
16.
There
is
,
he
said
,
a
lack
of
a
(n)
___national
transport
policy .
A. embedded
B. integrated
C. embraced
D. synthesized
17. When drank from a well ,one
mustn
’
t forget
___who dug
it.
A
them
B
these
C
that
D those
18. The accusation left him
quite _____ with rage.
A. quiet
B. silent
C. mute
D. speechless
19.
An
______
degree
was
conferred
on
the
distinguished
professor.
A. honest
B.
honored
C. honorary
D. honorific
20.
Undergraduate students have no ______ to the rare
books in
the school library.
A. access
B.
entrance
C. way
D. path
II.
Word Formation 1
Before
we
actually
deal
with
the
means
of
word-formation,
we
need
to
analyze
the
morphological
structures
of
words
and
gain
a
working
knowledge
of
the
different
word-forming
elements
which
are
to
be
used
to create new words.
2.1
Morphemes
It seems to be generally agreed that a
word
is
the
smallest
unit
of
a
language
that
stands
alone
to
communicate
meaning.
Structurally,
however,
a
word
is
not
the
smallest
unit
because
many
words
can
be
separated
into
even
smaller
meaningful
units.
“
The
smallest
functioning
unit
in
the
composition
of
words
”
( Crystal
1985) is called morpheme.
2.2
Types of
Morphemes
There
are
different
ways
of
classifying
morphemes.
The
popular
method
is
to
group
them
into
free
morphemes
and
bound
morphemes.
2.2.1
Free
Morphemes
Morphemes
which
are
independent
of
other
morphemes
are
considered
to
be
free.
These
morphemes have complete meanings in
themselves
and
can
be
used
as
free
grammatical
units
in
sentences.
They
are
identical with root words.
2.2.2
Bound
Morphemes
Morphemes
which
cannot
occur
as
separate words
are bound.
Bound
morphemes
are chiefly found in derived words. Let
us take
recollection
,
idealistic
and
ex-prisoner
for
example.
Each
of
the
three
words
comprises
three
morphemes,
recollection
(
re+collect+ion),
idealistic
(
ideal+ist+ic)
,
ex-prisoner
(ex+prison+er).
There
are
altogether
nine
morphemes,
of
which only
collect
,
ideal
and
prison
can exist
by themselves. These are free
morphemes. All
the
rest
are
bound.
The
English
language
possesses
a
multitude
of
words
made
up
of
merely
bound
morphemes,
e.g.
antecedent,
which
can
be
broken
down
into
ante-,
-ced-,
-ent.
Among
them
–
ced-
is
a
root
meaning
“
approach, go
to
”
. Bound morphemes include
two types:
bound
root
and
affix.
2.2.2.1
bound
root
A bound root is that part
of the word that
carries
the
fundamental
meaning
just
like
a
free
root.
Unlike
the
free
root
,
it
is
a
bound
form
and
has
to
combine
with
other
morphemes
to
make
words.
Take
–
dict-
for
example. It is a Latin
root which conveys the
meaning of
“
say or
speak
”
, but it is not a word
in
its
own
right.
Yet with affixes,
it
can
from
quite
a
number
of
words,
such
as
predict,
contradict,
dictate,
dictation,
dictator,
diction,
and dictionary.
In English, bound roots are
either Latin of
Greek.
Although
they
are
limited
in
number,
their productive
power is amazing.
They give
birth
to
thousands
and
thousands
of
derived
words in modern
English.
2.2.2.2
Affixes
Affixes are forms
that attached to words or
word elements
to modify meaning or function.
According
to the functions
of
affixes, we can
put
them
into
two
groups:
inflectional
and
derivational affixes.
1)
Inflectional
affixes (
内部曲折词缀
)
Affixes attached to the end
of words to
indicate
grammatical
relationships
are
inflectional,
thus
known
as
inflectional
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