2018北京市高考英语试题及答案解析

2018

年高考英语试题

(

北京卷

)

一、单项填空

21.

—

Hi, I'm Peter. Are you new here? I haven't seen you around?

—

Hello, Peter. I'm Bob.

I just _________ on Monday.

A. start

B. have started C. started D. had started

22. _________ we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be

gone.

A.

Although

B. While

C. If

D. Until

23. _________

along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding

experience.

A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled

24. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood

when I visited her last year.

A. is working

B. was working C. has worked

D. had worked

25. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.

A. which

B. who C as

D. that

26. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a

meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.

A. share

B. to share

C. having shared D. shared

27. China's

high-speed railways __

from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past

few years.

A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow

D. had grown

28. In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will

get you the help you need.

A. press

B. to press

C. pressing

D. pressed

29. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for

two days.

A. are trapping

B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been

trapped

30. Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.

A. used

B. to use

C. using D. use

31. Without his support, we wouldn't be _________ we are now.

A. how

B. when C. where D. why

32. In today's information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a

company.

A. need

B. should

C. can

D. must

33. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.

A. drove

B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven

34.

—

Good morning, Mr. Lee's office.

1

—

Good morning. I'd like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday

afternoon .

A. for

B. on

C. in D.

at

35. This is _________ my father has taught me

—

to always face difficulties and hope

for the best.

A. how B. which

C. that D. what

二、完形填空

The Homeless Hero

For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with ?

400 in cash would be a source

（来源）

of

temptation

（诱惑）

. But the 36

would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets

with

little

food

and

money.

All

of

this

makes

the

actions

of

the

homeless

Tom

Smith 37

more remarkable.

After spotting a 38

on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood

guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the 39

to return.

After hours in the cold and wet, he 40

inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find

some ID so he could contact

（联系）

the driver, only to 41

it contained ?

400 in notes, with

another ?

50 in spare change beside it.

He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after 42

a note behind to let the owner

know

it

was

safe.

When

the

car's

owner

John

Anderson

and

his

colleague

Carol

Lawrence

returned

to

the

car

—

which

was

itself

worth

?

35,

000

—

in

Glasgow

city

centre,

they

were 43

to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith

did and that the wallet was 44

.

The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his 45

.

Mr.

Anderson

said

：＂

I

couldn't

believe

that

the

guy

never

took

a

penny.

To

think

he

is

sleeping on the streets tonight 46

he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to

stay in. This guy has nothing and 47

he didn't take the wallet for himself

；

he thought about

others 48

. It's unbelievable. It just proves there are 49

guys out there.

＂

Mr. Smith's act 50

much of the public's attention. He also won praise from social media

users after Mr. Anderson 51

about the act of kindness on Facebook.

Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to 52

money for Mr. Smith and other

homeless people in the area, which by

yesterday had received

￡

8,000.

＂

I think the faith that

everyone has shown 53

him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the

street; he's had job 54

and all sorts,

＂

Mr. Anderson commented.

For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing 55

. The story once again tells us that one

good turn deserves another.

36. A. hope

37. A. still

38. A. wallet

39. A. partner

40. A. turned

42. A. taking

B. aim

B. even

B. bag

B. hid

B. collect

C. urge

C. ever

C. box

C. owner

C. check

D. effort

D. once

D. parcel

D. policeman

D. reached

D. believe

D. writing

B. colleague

C. stepped

C. reading

2

41. A. discover

B. leaving

43. A. satisfied

44. A. safe

45. A. service

46. A. when

47. A. rather

48. A. too

49. A. honest

50. A. gave

51. A. learned

52. A. borrow

53. A. of

54. A. details

55. A. lesson

三、阅读理解

B. excited

C. amused

C. found

C. where

C. again

C. rich

C. cast

C. cared

C. save

C. for

C. offers

C. kindness

C. already

D. shocked

D. seen

D. encouragement

D. because

D. just

D. instead

D. generous

D. drew

D. heard

D. earn

D. in

D. applications

D. challenge

B. missing

B. support

B. if

B. yet

B. though

B. polite

B. paid

B. posted

B. raise

B. at

B. changes

B. adventure

C. chance

A

My First Marathon

（马拉松）

A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not

running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go

ahead.

I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required

us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn't do either well. He later informed me that I

was

＂

not athletic

＂

.

The idea that I was

＂

not athletic

＂

stuck with me for years. When I started running in

my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether

or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of

wills!

The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line. I woke

up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.

Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(

鞋带

) became untied. So I stopped

to readjust. Not the start I wanted!

At mile 3, I passed a sign:

＂

GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!

＂

By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the

pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.

By mile 21, I was starving!

As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She

never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.

I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the

same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.

Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(

世俗标签

), I

can now call myself a

＂

marathon winner

＂

.

（

56

）

A month before the marathon, the author ____________.

A. was well trained B. felt scared C. made up his mind to run D. lost hope

3

（

57

）

Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?

A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher. B. To amuse the readers with a funny

story.

C. To show he was not talented in sports. D. To share a precious memory.

（

58

）

Ho w was the author's first marathon?

A. He made it. B. He quit halfway. C. He got the first prize. D. He walked to the end.

（

59

）

< br>What does the story mainly tell us?

A. A man owes his success to his family support. B. A winner is one with a great effort of

will.

C. Failure is the mother of success.

D. One is never too old to learn.

B

Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation(

航空

) Center

If you're looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the

place to be. The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on

tasks and lots of fun.

More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in

engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They

come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave

with real-world applications for what they're studying in the classroom.

For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges(

荣誉徽章

).

At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire

model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated(

模拟

) flying to space with the

crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to

earn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills

in the cockpit(

驾驶舱

) of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on

their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water- and land-survival through

designed tasks and their search and rescue of

＂

downed

＂

pilot.

With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership

and being part of a bigger task.

All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too,

with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.

Stay an hour or stay a week

—

there is something here for everyone!

For more details, please visit us online at .

（

60

）

Why do people come to SAC?

A. To experience adventures.

B. To look for jobs in aviation.

C. To get a degree in engineering.

D. To learn more about medicine.

（

61

）

To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to .

A. fly to space

B. get an Aviation badge first

C. study the principles of flight

D. build and fire model rockets

（

62

）

What is the most important for trainees?

A. Leadership. B. Team spirit.

C. Task planning.

D. Survival skills.

4

C

Plastic- Eating Worms

Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that

winds up in landfills(

垃圾填埋场

), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far

there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in

the stomachs of some hungry worms.

Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax

moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left

100

wax

worms

on

a

commercial

polyethylene

shopping

bag

for

12

hours,

and

the

worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm

that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the

researchers

made

some

worms

into

paste(

糊状物

)

and

applied

it

to

plastic

films.

14

hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass

—

apparently broken down by enzymes

(

酶

) from the worms' stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.

Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms' ability to break down

their everyday food

—

beeswax

—

also allows them to break down plastic.

＂

Wax is a

complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there

as

well,

＂

she

explains,

＂

The

wax

worm

evolved

a

method

or

system

to

break

this

bond.

＂

Jennifer

DeBruyn,

a

microbiologist

at

the

University

of

Tennessee,

who

was

not

involved

in

the

study,

says

it

is

not

surprising

that

such

worms

can

break

down

polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down

in

this one

exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be

to identify the

cause

of the

breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(

肠道微生

物

)?

Bertocchini

agrees

and

hopes

her

team's

findings

might

one

day

help

employ

the

enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some

kind

of

industrial

process

—

not

simply

＂

millions

of

worms

thrown

on

top

of

the

plastic.

＂

（

63

）

What can we learn about the worms in the study?

A. They take plastics as their everyday food.

B. They are newly evolved creatures.

C. They can consume plastics.

D. They wind up in landfills.

（

64

）

According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .

A. identify other means of the breakdown

B. find out the source of the enzyme

C. confirm the research findings

D. increase the breakdown speed

（

65

）

It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .

A. help to raise worms B. help make plastic bags

C. be used to clean the oceans

D. be produced in factories in future < /p>

（

66

）

Wha t is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To explain a study method on worms. B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.

5

C.

To

present

a

way

to

break

down

plastics. D.

To

propose

new

means

to

keep

eco-balance.

D

Preparing Cities for Robot Cars

The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream, years

away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The

California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to

test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to

sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.

California, it should be noted, isn't leading the way here. Companies have been testing

their vehicles in cities across the country. It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be

everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to

change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on

how the transformation is regulated.

While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and

rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help

reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(

排放

) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility

options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are

environmentally friendly and more shared.

Do we want to copy

—

or even worsen

—

the traffic of today with driverless cars?

Imagine a future where most adults own individual self- driving vehicles. They tolerate long,

slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain

themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their

driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid

paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning,

they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take

public transport

—

an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in

ride- hailing(

叫车

) services.

A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing

petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could

reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation

infrastructure(

基础设施

) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper

travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost

certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology

as well as liability and maintenance issues(

责任与维护问题

). But driverless car ownership

could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the

technology.

Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of

driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car- controlled transportation

system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for

cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and

6

more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.

__________.

deal with transportation-related problems B. provide better services to

customers

C. cause damage to our environment

D. make some people lose jobs

（

68

）

As for driverless cars, what is the author's major concern?

A. Safety. B. Side effects. C. Affordability.

D. Management.

（

6 9

）

What does the underlined word

＂

fielded

＂

in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A. Employed. B. Replaced. C. Shared.

D. Reduced.

（

70

）

What is the author's attitude to the future of self-driving cars?

A. Doubtful.

B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Sympathetic.

四、任务型阅读

Why Do We Get Angry?

Anger

seems

simple

when

we

are

feeling

it,

but

the

causes

of

anger

are

various.

Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The

main reasons we get angry are triggering

（触发）

events, personality traits

（特征）

, and

our assessment of situations. ___71_____

Triggering

events

for

anger

are

so

many

that

to

describe

them

all

would

take

hundreds

of

pages.

However,

here

are

some

examples:

being

cut

off

in

traffic,

a

deadline

approaching,

experiencing

physical

pain,

and

much

more.____72____

The

reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one's

personal history and psychological traits.

Each

person,

no

matter

who

they

are,

has

psychological

imbalances.

People

who

have

personality traits that connect with competitiveness

and

low upset tolerance are

much more likely to get angry. ___73_____ Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to

do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has

occurred.

____74____Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or

anger

itself.

Sometimes

ignorance

and

negative

(

消极的

)

outlooks

on

situations

can

create anger.

____75____However,

anger

can

easily

turn

violent,

and

it

is

best

to

know

the

reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in

mind,

we

can

evaluate

our

level

of

anger

throughout

the

day

and

prevent

cases

of

outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.

A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.

B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.

C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to

reduce it.

D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons

to feel angry.

E.

Having

these

personality

traits

implies

the

pre- anger

state,

where

anger

is

in

the

7

（

67

）

According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can