-
唐静
考研阅读逐句译
2000
年第
5
篇第
< br>1
句
If ambition
is to be well regarded, the
rewards
of
ambition
—wealth,
distinction,
control
over
one’s
destiny—
must
be
deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on
ambition’s behalf.
< br>词汇:
(从今天开始,
词汇按照牛津双解的方式进
行,
我也主要摘录自牛津双解,
为了区别,用
红色标注要解释的词汇)
ambition
//n. ~ (to be/do
sth)
1 (a) [U, C] strong
desire to achieve sth
雄心,野心,志气,抱负,志向
*filled with ambition to become famous,
rich, powerful, etc
立志要成名
,
发财
,
有权势等
(b)
[C] particular desire of this kind
雄心,野心,志气,抱负,志向
*have great ambitions
有远大的志向
2
[C] object of this desire
目标,夙愿
*achieve/realize/fulfil one's ambitions
达到目标
[
实现抱负
< br>/
得偿夙愿
]
distinction
//n.
1
[C, U] ~ (between A and B ) difference or contrast
between one person or thing
and another
差别,对比
*He
drew a quite artificial distinction between men
and women readers.
他把男
读者和女读者
硬是人为地区分开来。
2 (fml
文
)
(a) [U]
separation of things or people into different
groups according to quality,
grade, etc
(事物或人按其质量、品质、等级等的)区分
*without distinction (ie regardless) of
rank
不分级别
(b)
[C] detail that separates in this way
(按此方式划分的)类别
,
等级
*distinctions
of birth and wealth
按出身和财富划分的类别
.
3 [C] mark of honour; title,
decoration, etc
荣誉的标志
;
荣衔、勋章等
*an
academic distinction, eg a doctor's degree
学术上的荣衔(如博士学位)
*
win a distinction for bravery
因表现英勇而获得勋章
.
4 [U] quality of being excellent or
distinguished
优秀
;
卓越
*a writer,
novel, work of distinction
优秀的作家、小说、作品
* She
had the distinction of being the first woman to
swim the Channel.
她卓尔
不群
,
因为她是第一个横渡英吉利海峡的女子。
destiny
//n.
1 [U] power believed to control events
命运
*Destiny drew
us together.
命运把我们连在一起了。
2 [C] that which happens to sb/sth
(thought to be decided beforehand by fate)
定
数,天命
*It
was his destiny to die in a foreign country.
他注定要客死异国。
*
events which shaped his destiny
决定他命运的事件。
deem
//v.
v
[Tf,
Tnt
esp
passive
尤用于被动语态
,
Cn.a
esp
passive
尤用于被动语态
,
Cn.n]
(fml
文
) consider; regard
认为,视为
*He
deemed that it was his duty to help.
他认为他有责任加以援助。
*
She was deemed (to be) the winner.
人们认为是她获胜。
*
It is deemed advisable.
这认为是可取的。
* I deem
it a great honour to be invited to address you.
要我向诸位讲几句话
,
我觉得非常荣幸。
behalf
//n.
(idm
习语
) on
behalf of sb/on sb's behalf; (US) in behalf of
sb/in sb's behalf as
the representative
of or spokesman for sb; in the interest of sb
做某人的代表或代言
人,为某人之利益
*On behalf of my colleagues and myself
I thank you.
我代表我的同事以及我
自己向你表
示谢意。
* Ken is not
present, so I shall accept the prize on his
behalf.
肯不在场
,
所以我
代表他领奖。
* The legal guardian must act on behalf
of the child.
法定监护人应该维护这个
孩子的利益。
* Don't be uneasy on my behalf, ie
about me.
不要为我担心。
结构:
If ambition is to be well regarded,
(
if
引导的条件状语从句)
< br>
//the rewards of
ambition
—wealth,
distinction, control over one’s destiny—
(主句的主语及其破折号
中的同位语)
//must be
deemed worthy of the sacrifices
(主句的谓语)
//made on
ambition’s
behalf
(过去分词短语作定语)
.
译文:
如
果正确看待雄心壮志,
那么它带来的回报
——
< br>财富、
声誉、
对命运的掌握
——
则应该被认为是值得为之付出牺牲的。
翻译思路:宏观阅读能力——
skimming
快速阅读的基本方法是
skimming
和
scanning
。
skimming
(略读,跳读)就是
为了获取文章的大意。那最简单的“略读”方式就是
1
)看文章的首段、末段、
每一段的首
句或者末句;还有时候可以
2
)适当注意每一段内“表转折和表
因果
的词汇”
。那请大家使用这种略读的方式读一下整个文章,
并回答:作者是否在
鼓励人们应该有雄心壮志呢?并简述你得出结论的原因。
唐静
考研
阅读逐句译
2000
年第
5
篇第
2
句
If the tradition of ambition is to have
vitality, it must be widely shared; and
it especially must be highly regarded by people
who are themselves admired, the
educated not least among them.
词汇:
vitality
//n.
1 persistent
energy; liveliness or vigour
活力,精力,元气
*The dog was bouncing with health and
vitality.
那条狗又壮实又活跃
,
欢蹦乱
跳的。
* The ballet sparkled with vitality.
那场芭蕾舞演得生动活泼。
2 (fig
比喻
) (of
institutions, etc) ability to endure or continue
functioning
(
指机
构等
)维持生存或继续发挥作用的能力
,
生命力
*The vitality
of the movement is threatened.
这个运动的生命力岌岌可危。
admire
//v.
1
[Tn,
,
Tsg]
~
sb/sth
(for
sth)
regard
sb/sth
with
respect,
pleasure,
satisfaction, etc
钦佩,赞赏,羡慕某人
[
某事物
]
*They admired our garden.
他们称赞我们的花园
.
* I
admire him for his success in business.
我佩服他事业有成
.
2 [Tn] express admiration of (sb/sth) <
/p>
表示赞美,夸奖(某人
[
某事物
]
)
*Aren't
you going to admire my new hat?
你难道不想夸夸我的新帽子吗
?
not least
(formal) used to emphasize that
something is important
尤其,特别
*There is a great deal at stake, not
least in relation to environment.
有很多生死
攸关的问题,尤其是涉及环境方面的问题。
结构:
If the
tradition of ambition is to have vitality,
(
if
条件状语从句)
//i
t must be
widely
shared;
(条件状语从句对应的主句)
//and
it
especially
must
be
highly
regarded by people
(
< br>and
连接的并列句)
//who are
themselves admired,
(
who
定语
从句,修饰
people
< br>)
//the educated not least among
them
(独立主格做状语)
.
译文:
如果雄心壮志的传统要继续发扬光
大,
那么它就应该受到广泛的推崇,
尤其
应该得到那些受人仰慕的人们的高度重视,而那些受过教育的人更应包括在内。
翻译思路:
发现翻译中的问题
今天刚在微博上看到一个同学说,
“总觉得自己单词都认识,也总觉得
自己
读懂了英语,但是就是翻译起来觉得不是人话,很生硬”
。
为什么?
如果前提的确是“英语句子读懂了,翻译的大概意思
都差不多”
,那么生硬
的原因就真的是汉语表达上需要改进。<
/p>
改进的方案有二:
其一,
要发现汉语中到
底哪里生硬;其二,结合英语原文,对生硬的地方做改进。
<
/p>
其一,发现问题。最简单的发现的方法是“多读中文”
,有种“字
字必纠”
的精神。
(不过别太较真,别钻牛角尖,翻译中有时候
有些是“不可译”
。
)可以
把自己的译
文当做汉语作文汉语病句修改一下,
看看主语谓语搭配不,
看看
修饰
语那样修饰合适不,这样就可以发现译文生硬的地方。
<
/p>
其二,发现问题之后的修改方式有很多。主要的有“同意替换,适当引申,
改变顺序,增加信息”等等。
那根据我上面讲的问题
,
大家发现一下本句话的译文中问题何在,
最好能够
给出一个修改方案
(直接回复我就好,
对于回答问
题很好的同学,
奖励我编的
“书
话丛书
”一本
)
:如果雄心壮志的传统要继续发扬光大,那么它就应该
受到广泛
的推崇,
尤其应该得到那些受人仰慕的人们的高度重视
,
而那些受过教育的人更
应包括在内。
唐静
考研
阅读逐句译
2000
年第
5
篇第
3
句
In
an
odd
way,
however,
it
is
the
educated
who have claimed to have given up on ambition as
an ideal.
词汇:
odd
//adj.
1
strange; unusual; peculiar
奇怪的,不寻常的,古怪的
*What an odd man!
多古怪的男人哪
!
*
She wears rather odd clothes.
她穿的衣服很怪。
*
She gets odder as she grows older.
她越老越古怪。
2 (no comparative or superlative
无比较级或最高级
) (of numbers) that
cannot
be divided by two; not even
(指数目)奇数的
*1,
3, 5 and 7 are odd numbers. 1
、
3
、
5
、
7
是奇数。
3
[usu attrib
通常作定语
] (no
comparative or superlative
无比较级或最高级
)
(a)
of one of a pair, set, series, etc when the
other(s) is/are missing
单的
(指
一双、
一套、一组
...
中的单个)<
/p>
*an odd shoe/sock/glove
单只的鞋
[
袜子
/<
/p>
手套
]
* two odd
volumes of an encyclopedia
百科全书中的两个单本
*
You're wearing odd socks, ie two that do not form
a pair.
你穿的两只袜子不
是一双。
(b) left over; extra; surplus
剩余的,多余的,多出的
*She made a cushion out of odd bits of
material.
她用碎布头做了个靠垫。
4 (no comparative or superlative; usu
placed directly after a number
无比较级
或最高级
,
通常直接置于数字之後
) a little more
than
稍多于
*five hundred odd, ie slightly more
than 500
五百多
*
thirty-odd (ie between 30 and 40) years later
三十多年後
* twelve
pounds odd, ie 12 and some pence extra
十二英镑多
5
[attrib
作定语
]
(no
comparative
or
superlative
无比较级或最高级
)
not
regular or fixed; occasional
不规则的,非固定的,临时的
*weed the garden at odd times/moments,
ie at various irregular moments
用零
星时间给花园除草
* I take the odd bit of exercise, but
nothing regular.
我偶尔稍微锻炼一下
,
但
无规律。
*
The landscape was bare except for the odd cactus.
那片地上除了偶见的仙人
掌以外
,
什么都没有。
*
Do you have an odd minute (ie a little spare time)
to help me with this?
你有
空儿帮我做这件事吗
?
6 (idm
习语
) an odd/a queer fish =>
fish1. the/an odd man/one out
(a)
person or thing left over when the others have
been put into pairs or groups
配对或分组时多出的人或物
*There's always an odd one out when I
sort out my socks.
我给袜子配对时
,
总
是有单只的剩下。
* That boy is always the odd man out
when the children are divided into teams.
孩子分组时
,
那男孩总是单个儿。
(b)
person or thing that is different from the others
与众不同的人或物
*Banana, grape, apple,
daisy
—
which of these is the
odd one out?
香蕉、葡萄、
苹果、雏菊——这几
样东西哪一样与众不同
?
(c) (infml
口
) person who cannot fit
easily into the society, community, etc of
which he is a member
与集体不融洽的人,不合群者
*At
school she always felt the odd one out.
她上学时总觉得和大家格格不入。
*
His formal clothes made him the odd one out in the
club.
他衣冠楚楚
,
在俱
乐部中如鹤立鸡群。
give up on
stop having faith or belief
in
不再相信,不再信奉
*They weren't about to give up on their
heroes so easily.
他们不会轻易地就失
去
对自己英雄人物的信任。
ideal
//n.
1 [C usu sing
通常作单数
] person or thing
regarded as perfect
完美的人或事
物
*She's looking for a job, but hasn't
found her ideal yet.
她在找工作
,
但还未找
到最理想的。
2 [C usu pl
通常作复数
] standard of
perfection
完美境界的标准
*He finds it hard to live up to his
ideals.
他认为很难按自己的理想办事。
结构:
In an odd way,
however, it is the educated who// have claimed to
have given up
on ambition as an
ideal
(
it is
…
who
…
构成强调句型)
.
译文:
然而,
恰恰是那些受过良好教育的人却出乎意料地声称,
他们已不再具
有雄
心壮志,不再认为这是一种理想。
翻译思路:
强调句型(摘录自徐广联《大学英语语法——讲座与测试》
,稍有改
编)
1
)
It is ( was)
+
状语
+ that
+
句子
这种结构用来强调状语
,
表示状语成
分的可以是单词、词组或句子。句子可
以是主语从句、
宾语从句
或状语从句。
强调的如果是原因状语从句,
从句只能由
because
引导
,
不能由
since
、
as
或
why
引导。例如:
It was last summer that I graduated
from the university.
我正是去年夏天从那
所大学毕业的。
(
时间状语
)
It was at an evening party that I first
saw her.
我就是在一次晚上第一次见到她
的。
(
地点状语
)
It
is only when one is ill that one realizes the
value of health.
人只有生病了才
知
< br>道健康的价值。
(
时间状语从句
)
It was because (
不用
< br>since
、
why
或
as) the water had risen that they could not
cross the river .
正是因为水涨了
,
他们才没有渡过河
去。
(
原因状语从句
)
It is what you will do that is
essential.
重要的是你的行动。
(
主语从句
)
2
)
It is(was) +
代词
(
名词、形容词
) + that (who, whom, which, whose)
+
句子
这种结构强调名词或代词,<
/p>
这个名词或代词可以是后面句子的主语、
宾语或
< br>宾语补足语,
如果是主语,
则直接用
that +
谓语。
这时,
句中的
that
可用
who, whom,
which
等代替。例如:
It is Professor Wu that (who) sent me
the letter.
给我寄信的是吴教授。
(
主语
)
It is I that am
(
或
is) to go in her place.
p>
代她去的正是我。
(
主语
< br>)
It is you that are
(
或
is) to blame.
该
受责备的应该是你。
(
主语
)
It is this novel that (which) they
talked about last week.
他们上周讨论的就是
这部小说。
p>
(
宾语
)
It
was Doctor James that (whom) we invited to give us
a lecture.
被邀请给我们
作报告的是詹姆士博士。
(
宾语
)
It was chairman of the committee that
we elected her. (
宾语补足语
)
It is red that he has painted the door.
(
宾语补足语
)
以上两种强调句型,
翻译的时候可以用“是,就是,正是,的确,确实”等
来加强语气。
唐静
考研阅读逐句译
2000
年第
5
p>
篇第
4
句
What
is
odd
is
that
they
have
perhaps
most
benefited from ambition
—
if
not always their own then that of their parents
and
grandparents.
词汇:
benefit
//v.
1
[Tn]do good to (sb/sth)
使(某人
[
某事物
]
)受益
*These facilities have benefited the
whole town.
这些设施使全城受益。
2 [I, Ipr] ~ (from/by sth)
receive benefit or gain
得益
*Who stands to (ie is likely to)
benefit most by the new tax laws?
什么人可能
从新的税法中得到最大的好处
?
*
He hasn't benefited from (ie become wiser with)
the experience.
他虽有体验
却无长进。
结构:
What is odd is
(
what
所带的主语从句)
//that they have perhaps most benefited
from ambition
(
tha
t
引导的表语从句)
//
—
if not always their own then that of their
parents and grandparents
(
if
条件状语从句,其中有省略,请参考前面讨论的“省
略——状语从句的省略”
)
.
译文:
奇怪的是,
他们或许是从雄心壮志中获益最多的人
——
并非都是他们自己
的
雄心壮志,那也是他们父辈或祖父辈的。
< br>翻译思路:
定调——“主题词的翻译”带来的麻烦
p>
今天给大家讨论一个问题,关于“主题词的翻译”
。不用说,所谓主
题词是
贯穿全文的一个关键词。
这篇文章翻译到现在,
为什么一直总觉得有点别扭,
就
是主题词不好翻
译。很明显,该篇文章的主题词是
ambition
,英语就一
个词,但
是汉语比较麻烦。
我开始翻译第一句话的时候,
就感受到了问题,
所以也曾经在
前面第二句话
中提出问题,请大家发现第二句话译文中的问题。
ambit
ion
的汉语译文可以是“雄心,雄心壮志,壮志,野心,野心勃勃,志
向,志向远大,抱负,理想,志气,目标,夙愿”等等等等。那翻译时候的问题
就来了。其一,纵观全文,作者眼中的
ambition
是褒义
词,所以类似“野心”之
类的词肯定不可以用。其二,
ambi
tion
在英语里面对应的搭配很灵活,比如本文
第二句话就有
the tradition of ambition
,可是
中文直译为“雄心壮志的传统”就比
较难听,把“雄心壮志”替换为“抱负,理想”等等
,也不一定好听。因为中国
人更习惯说“具有雄心壮志,具有抱负,具有远大理想”
p>
,总之,要说一个“具
有”之类的词才会好点。其三,
“雄心壮志”是四个字,
“理想,抱负,雄心”等
是
两个字,
作为主题词,
四个字用起来就不如两个字轻松;
而四个字表现力则比
两个字强。
一样,
在本句话中,
最糟糕的翻译莫过于
“他们或许是从雄心壮志中获益最
多的人”
。说
“从雄心壮志中获益”真的很难受。我想了想,或许用“远大的理
想”会好点。你能想到
用什么主题词来改一改呢?
回头看看前面所有句子的译文:如
果正确看待雄心壮志(
远大的理想
)
,
那
么它带来的回报
——
财富、
声誉、
对命运的掌握
——
则应该被认为是值得为之付
出牺牲的。如果雄心壮志的(
具有
远大理想这一
)传统要继续发扬光大,那么它
就应该受到广泛的
推崇,
尤其应该得到那些受人仰慕的人们的高度重视,
而那些<
/p>
受过教育的人更应包括在内。
然而,
恰恰
是那些受过良好教育的人却出乎意料地
声称,他们已不再具有雄心壮志,不再认为这是一
种理想。奇怪的是,他们或许
是从雄心壮志中
(
远大理想中
)
获益最多的人
—
—
并非都是他们自己的雄心壮志
(
远大
理想
)
,那也是他们父辈或祖父辈的。
唐静
<
/p>
考研阅读逐句译
2000
年第
5
篇第
5
句
There is a heavy note of
hypocrisy in this,
a
case
of
closing
the
barn
door
after
the
horses
have
escaped
—
with
the
educated
themselves riding on them.
词汇:
note //n.
1 [C] short written record (of facts,
etc) to aid the memory
笔记,摘记
*make a
note
(of
sth)
做(某事的)摘记
*
She lectured without
notes
.
她讲演不用演稿
.
*
He sat taking
notes
of
everything that was said.
他坐在那里把说的每件事都
记录下来
.
2 [C]
(a)
short letter
短信,短简
*a
note
of thanks
谢函
* He wrote me a
note
asking if I would come.
他给我写了个便条
,
问我是否
能来
.
(b) official diplomatic letter
照会
;
通牒
*an exchange of
notes
between governments
两国政府互致照会。
3 [C] short comment on or explanation
of a word or passage in a book, etc
评注,
注释
*a
new edition of Hamlet, with copious
notes
新版《哈姆雷特》
,
附详细注释
* See the
editor's comments, page 259,
note
3.
见编者按语
,
第
259
页之注释
3.
4
[C]
(also
banknote,
US
usu
美式英语通常作
bill)
piece
of
paper
money
issued by a bank
纸币
*a
£
5
note
5
英镑的纸币
* Do you want the money in
notes
or coins?
你要纸币要硬币
?
5 [C]
(a) single
sound of a certain pitch and duration, made by a
musical instrument,
voice, etc
(乐器、嗓子等发出的)单音,鸣声,音调,调
*the first few
notes
of a tune
曲子的头几个音
*
(arch
古
) the blackbird's
merry
note
, ie song
黑鹂轻快的鸣声
(b)
sign used to represent such a sound in a
manuscript or in printed music
(乐
谱上的)音符
*Quavers,
crotchets
and
minims
are
three
of
the
different
lengths
of
note
in
written music.
八分音符、
四分音符和二分音符在乐谱上是不同长度的三个音符。
(c) any one of the keys of a piano,
organ, etc
(钢琴、风琴等的)键
*the black
notes
and the white
notes
黑键和白键
.
6 [sing] ~ (of sth) a quality (of sth);
hint or suggestion (of sth)
(某事物的)特
徵,
(某事的)暗示,含义,表示
*There was a
note
of self-satisfaction in his speech.
他的言谈中流露着自满的
口气。
* The book ended on an optimistic
note
.
该书的结尾寓意乐观。
7
[U] notice; attention
注意
*worthy of
note
值得注意
* Take
note
of what he says, ie pay
attention to it.
要注意他说的话。
hypocrisy
//n.
[U]
practice
of
misrepresenting
one's
real
character,
opinions,
etc,
esp
by
pretending
to be more virtuous than one really is;
insincerity
伪善,虚伪
barn
//n.
1
simple building for storing hay, grain, etc on a
farm
(农场里储存乾草、
谷物
等
的)仓房
2 (fig derog
比喻
,
贬
)
any unattractive large building
不顺眼的大建筑物
*They live in that great
barn
of a house.
他们住在那所简陋的大房子里。
3
(US)
(a) building for sheltering
farm animals, eg cows or horses
牲口棚舍
(如牛栏或
马厩)
(b) building for a fleet of buses,
vans, etc
(公共汽车、货车等的)车库
结构:
There is a
heavy note of hypocrisy in
this,
(主干)
//a case of closing
the barn door
after
the
horses
have
escap
ed
(逗号隔开的同位语,对前面
hypocrisy
做解释)
//
—
with the
educated themselves riding on them
(破折号隔
开的状语,同位语的一
部分,在解释
hypocrisy
)
.
译文:
p>
这其中暗含着非常虚伪的东西,
就好比马都跑了再去关马厩门一样—
—而那
些受过良好教育的人自己正骑在马背上。
翻译思路:
英语的谚语理解,及其翻译
“英语的谚语”
是一个大话题,
“英语
的谚语极其翻译”
是一个更大的话题,
说起来很多很多。我们在
这里把话题变小一点,说说“
a case of closing the barn
door after the horses have
escaped
—
with the educated
themselves riding on
them
”这
里面的故事。
英语有一句谚语,叫
lock the stable
door after the horse is stolen
,这个谚语还
有别的变体形式,如这句话中的
close the barn
door after the horses have
escaped
,
或者还有
shut
the barn door after the horse is stolen
,直译的结果就是“马跑了,或
者马已经被盗了,
再去马厩门”
,
那这个谚语表达的内在含义比较清晰,
就是
“晚
了,迟了”
。
那这个谚语的翻译就比较好玩,
大家能够立刻想到
汉语有几乎一样的歇后语
“亡羊补牢”
,但是注意,如果用“亡
羊补牢”来翻译,最好加一个破折号说明,
“亡羊补牢——为时已晚”
< br>;因为汉语似乎有一种相反的说法“亡羊补牢,犹未
为晚”
。那这里说明,英语谚语的翻译,最好的是
1
)直译,如果大
家能理解,直
接翻译即可;
2
)或者找
汉语相似的说法,补充说明内在含义;
3
)如果直译不好
懂或者很生硬,可以把内在的含义解释出来,舍弃英语原来的字面意思。
再说说对
There is a heavy note
of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn
door after the horses have
escaped
—
with the educated
themselves riding on them.
这
句
话中的比喻意义的理解。用谚语的好玩的地方就在于此,怎么看怎么好玩儿。
我觉得这个
句子有四层含义:
其一,用
hors
e
来在比喻
ambition
,马能跑
,一样,人的心胸壮志能够展翅高
飞。
其二,
the
educated
p>
就是骑马的人,他们很
hypocrisy
虚伪!
with
the
educated
themselves riding
on them
自己先骑着马儿跑了,说的是他们从“雄心壮志中得到
< br>了好处”
。
其三,
closing the barn
door
关马厩,当然是指那些
the educated
p>
人,他们不想
让别人有雄心壮志,把雄心壮志的马儿关起来了。虚伪
!
其四,上文说
In an odd
way, however, it is the educated who have claimed
to
have given up on ambition as an
ideal.
那些
the educated
< br>竟然说自己放弃了雄心壮志,
但是其实人们对他们的行为看得清清楚楚,这也像“
马儿跑了,再去关马厩”
,
晚了,大家都看出来了,自己还装,
虚伪!
(
6
月
4
日
12:30
完成于飞桂林的
CZ3282
航班上)
唐静
考研阅读逐句译
2000
年第
5
篇第
6
句和第
7
句
Certainly
people
do
not
seem
less interested in success and its
signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European
travel,
BMWs
—
the
locations,
place
names
and
name
brands
may
change,
but
such
items do not seem less in demand today
than a decade or two years ago.
词汇:
(
demand
构成的三个词组)
in demand
//
much wanted;
popular
非常需要的,受欢迎的
*Good secretaries are always in demand.
好的秘书总是很多人都需要的
.
*
She is in great demand as a singer.
她是个十分受欢迎的歌手
.
make demands of/on sb
//
oblige sb to use a lot of skill,
strength, etc
需要某人用高度技巧、很大力气等
*This new aircraft makes tremendous
demands of the pilot.
这种新飞机需要飞
行员有极高的技巧。
on demand
//
whenever asked for
一经要求
*a cheque
payable on demand
即时兑现的支票
* She's in favour of abortion on
demand.
对于人工流产
,
她赞成有求必应。
结构:
Summer homes,
European travel, BMWs
—
the
locations, place names and name
brands
may change,
(第一个并列句)
//but
such items do not seem less in demand
today than a decade or two years ago
(
but
连接的第二个并列句,其中有一个<
/p>
than
比
较结构)
.
译文:
当然,
较之从前,现在人们对成功及其标志的兴趣丝毫未减。避暑山庄,欧
洲旅行、
宝马香车
——
房子的位置、
旅游的地方和汽车的品牌可能会变,
但与一
二十年前相比,现
在人们对这些东西孜孜的追求似乎一直未变。
翻译思路:
否定加比较
p>
这两句话的都有一个相同的句式结构
…
do
not seem less
…
than
…
。其实很好
理解,
less th
an
…
表示
“比
…
少”
,
do not seem
less than
再加了一层否定,
就是
“没
有比
..
少”
,那就是“并没有比
…
少”
。
(
6
月
p>
4
日下午
1:50
于
CZ8232
航班上)
唐静
考研
阅读逐句译
2000
年第
5
篇第
8
句
What has happened is that people cannot
confess
fully
to
their
dreams,
as
easily
and
openly
as
once
they
could,
lest
they
be
thought pushing,
acquisitive and vulgar.
词汇:
confess
//v.
1
(a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tf, ] ~ (to sth/doing sth); ~
(sth) (to sb) say or admit, often
formally (that one has done wrong,
committed a crime, etc)
承认(错误、罪行等)
,
供认,坦白
*The prisoner refused to
confess
(his crime).
该犯拒不招供(罪行)
。
* She finally
confessed
(to having stolen
the money).
她最後招认了
(偷了那笔
钱)
。
*
He
confessed
that he had
murdered her.
他供认他杀害了她。
(b) [Ipr, Tf, Cn.a, Cn.t] acknowledge,
often reluctantly
承认(常为不情愿地)
*She
confessed
to
(having) a dread of spiders, ie admitted that she
was afraid of
them.
她承认她害怕蜘蛛。
*
I'm rather bored, I must
confess
.
说老实话,我真有点厌烦。
*
He
confessed
himself (to be)
totally ignorant of their plans.
他承认自己对于
他们的计划一无所知。
2 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, , Tf, Dpr.f] ~ (sth)
(to sb) (esp in the Roman Catholic
Church) tell (one's sins) formally to a
priest
(尤指天主教)向神父忏悔
,
告罪
,
告
解
*He
confessed
(to the priest)
that he had sinned.
他(向神父)忏悔他犯了罪。
(b)
[Tn] (of a priest) hear the sins of (sb) in this
way
(指神父)听取(某人)
的忏悔
*The priest
confessed
the criminal.
神父听取那罪犯的忏悔。
pushing
//adj.
自以为是的,独断专行的
acquisitive
//adj.
(often derog
常作贬义
) keen to acquire
things, esp material possessions
渴望得
到的;贪得无厌的,一味追求的(尤指物质占有方面)
*an
acquisitive
collector
贪多务得的收藏家
.
vulgar
//adj.
1
lacking in good taste or refinement
粗俗的,庸俗的
*a
vulgar
display of wealth
对财富庸俗的炫耀
*
dressed in cheap and
vulgar
finery
穿着廉价而俗气的华丽衣服
* a loud and
vulgar
laugh
粗俗的大笑
2 likely to offend many people; rude or
obscene
易触犯众人的,粗野的,下流
的
*a
vulgar
gesture, suggestion, joke
下流的手势、示意、笑话
结构:
What has
happened is
(
what
引
导的主语从句和
is
系动词)
//th
at people cannot
confess fully to their
dreams
(
that
引导的表语从
句)
, //as easily and openly as once
they could,
(
as
p>
…
as
连接的比较状语从句)
//lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive
and vulgar
(
lest
p>
引导的目的状语从句,其中主语
they
后
面省略了情态动词
should
;
pu
shing, acquisitive, vulgar
三个形容词充当主语
they
的补足语)
.
译文:
现在的情况是人们不能像以前那样
轻易地、
公开地坦陈自己的梦想,
惟恐别
人认为他们自以为是、贪得无厌、庸俗不堪。
翻译思路:
虚拟语气——目的状语从句
在本句话中,有
lest they be thought
pushing, acquisitive and vulgar
,它是一个
目的状语从句,
其中使用了虚拟语气,
省略了
should
,
本来是
lest they should be
…
。
语法规则如下。
在
for
fear that, in order that, so that,
lest
引导的目的状语从句中
,
谓
语动词一
般用虚拟语气。
从句谓语动词用
should( could, might) +
动词原形。
在以
lest
引导的
从句中,谓语动
词用
should +
动词原形
,
should
有时可省。例如:
He
reminded her twice of it lest she should for get.
他提醒了她两次,
怕她忘记。
He kept quiet lest he (should) disturb
her.
他很安静,害怕打扰到她。
She always studies hard lest she
(should) lag behind.
她一直努力学习,惟恐落
后。
I will not make a noise for fear (that)
I should (might) disturb you.
我不会做声
的,以免打扰你。
I did this so that I might have a
couple of weeks to prepare my paper.
我这
样做
了,好让自己有几周的时间来写论文。
I have come all the way here in order
that you should understand me.
我一路赶
来,是为了让你能够理解我。
需要注意,
若
in order
that
和
so that
前的主句是
现在时,
其后的从句有时亦可用
can, may
+
动词原形。例如:
Ask her
to hurry up with the letter s so that I can sign
them.
让她快点准备信件,
我好签字。
p>
(上述语法规则摘录自徐广联
《大学英语语法——讲座与测试》
p>
,
略有改编)
唐
静
考
p>
研
阅
读
逐
句
译
2000
年
第
5
篇
第
9
句
Instead,
we
are
treated
to
fine
hypocritical spectacles, which now more
than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of
American
materialism
with
a
Southampton
summer
home;
the
publisher
of
radical
books
who
takes
his
meals
in
three-star
restaurants;
the
journalist
advocating
participatory
democracy
in
all
phases
of
life,
whose
own
children
are
enrolled
in
private schools.
词汇:
treat
//v.
1 [Tn, ,
Cn.n/a] ~ sb (as/like sth) act or behave in a
certain way towards sb
对待某人
*They
treat
their
children very badly.
他们对待子女很不好。
*
You should
treat
them with
more consideration.
你应该多体谅他们一点。
*
Don't
treat
me as (if I
were) an idiot.
别把我当傻瓜。
2 [Cn.n/a] ~ sth as sth consider sth in
a certain way
把某事物看作,
视某事物为
*I decided to
treat
his remark as a joke,
eg instead of being offended by it.
我把<
/p>
他的话当作玩笑话(如不为此生气)
。
3 (a) [Tn, ] deal with or discuss (a
subject)
探讨
,
讨论(问题)
*The problem has been better
treated
in other books.
这问题在其他书里说得
更清楚。
* The documentary
treated
the question in some
detail.
这部记录片探讨这个
问题有些深度。
(b) [Ipr]
~ of
sth
(dated or fml
旧或文
) (of a book, lecture,
etc) be about sth
(指书、讲座等)论及某事物
*an
essay
treating
of
philosophical doubt
涉及哲学上有关怀疑的论文
4
[Tn, ]
~ sb/sth; ~ sb (for
sth)
give medical or surgical care to
(a person or
a condition)
医治(人或疾病)
*a
new drug to
treat
rheumatism
治疗风湿病的新药
*
Last year the hospital
treated
over forty cases of
malaria.
去年这所医院医治
了四十余例疟疾病人。<
/p>
* She was
treated
for
sunstroke.
她因中暑接受治疗。
5 [Tn, ] ~ sth (with sth) apply a
process or a substance to sth to protect it,
preserve it, etc
(用防护措施或物质)处理某物
*wood
treated
with creosote
用杂酚油处理过的木材
*
treat
crops
with insecticide
用杀虫剂处理作物
6 [Tn, ]
~ sb/oneself (to
sth)
give sb/oneself sth enjoyable, eg
special food
or entertainment, at one's
own expense
以某事物
(如食物或娱乐)
款待某人或使自
己获得享受
*She
treated
each
of the children to an ice-cream.
她请孩子每人吃个冰激凌。
* I
decided to
treat
myself to a
taxi, eg instead of walking.
我决定坐他一次计
程车。
* We were
treated
to the unusual sight of the Prime Minister singing
on TV
.
我
们有幸目睹首相上电
视一展歌喉的难得场面。
7 [Ipr] ~ with
sb (dated or fml
旧或文
)
negotiate with sb
与某人谈判
*The government refuses to
treat
with terrorists.
当局拒绝与恐怖分子谈判。
8
(idm
习语
)
treat sb
like dirt/a dog
(infml
口
) treat sb with no respect
at all
视某人如草芥
*They
treat
their
workers
like dirt
.
他们把工人看得粪土不如。
hypocritical
//adj.
of hypocrisy or a hypocrite
伪善的,虚伪的,伪善者的,伪君子的
*
hypocritical
behaviour, people
伪善的行为、人
.
spectacle
//n.
1
grand public display, procession, performance, etc
大场面
(壮观的公开展示、
队列、表演
等)
*The ceremonial opening of
Parliament was a fine
spectacle
.
议会的开幕式场
面隆重。
2 impressive, remarkable or interesting
sight
精彩的、非凡的或有趣的情景
*The sunrise seen from high in the
mountains was a tremendous
spectacle
.
从山
上居高远望,日出景象蔚为奇观。
3 (usu derog
通常作贬义
) object of attention,
esp sb/sth unusual or ridiculous
注意的目标,
(尤指)不同寻常的或滑稽的人
[
事物
]
*The poor fellow was a sad
spectacle
.
那可怜的家伙看着就叫人难过。
4
(idm
习语
) make a spectacle of
oneself draw attention to oneself by behaving,
dressing, etc ridiculously, esp in
public
(因行为、穿着等)出丑,出洋相
*make a
spectacle
of oneself by arguing with the waiter
跟服务员争吵而出丑
ample
//adj.
1
(more than) enough
足够的
*
ample
time to
get to the station
到车站时间充足
* A small piece of cake will be
ample
, thank you.
一小块蛋糕就足够了
,
谢谢
你。
*
£
5 will be
ample
for my needs.
5
英镑就足够我用的了。
2
abundant; plentiful
充足的,富裕的
*a man of
ample
strength
力气大的人
*
The director of the company receives an
ample
salary.
公司的董事薪水很高。
3
large in size; spacious; extensive
大的,宽敞的,广泛的
*an
ample
bosom
开阔的心胸
*
There's
ample
room for the
children on the back seat.
後座很宽敞足容得下
孩子们。
* The election was given
ample
coverage on
TV
.
电视上对选举作了广泛的报
道。
participatory democracy
参与式民主制度
phase
//n.
1
[C] stage in a process of change or development
阶段,时期
*a
phase
of history
历史的一个阶段
* a
critical
phase
of an illness
疾病的危险期
*
the most exciting
phase
of
one's career
事业上最得意的时期
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