-
2017
年
研
究生英<
/p>
语学
位
课统
考<
/p>
真题
：
Part II. Vocabulary
( 10
minutes, 10 points)
Section
A (0.5 point each)
21.
The
focus
on
profitability
pushes
the
systems
unreasonably
large,
rendering
them
more
vulnerable to terrorist
attacks.
A
declaring
B verifying
C making
D indicating
22.
The 8.5-ton Shenzhou III spaceship has been
substantially improved in terms of the life-
support
systems.
A technologically
B considerably
C structurally
D internally
23.
According to the American judicial system twelve
people constitute a jury.
A compose
B
overthrow
C dispose
D surpass
24. With so many trivial
matters to attend to, he can hardly
get
down to
reading for the test.
A participate
in
B cater to
C indulge in
D
see to
25. The decently
dressed son and the humble-looking father formed a
striking contrast.
A astonishing
B
humiliating
C noticeable
D fleeting.
26.
Nowadays
the
prevention
against
SARS
has
assumed
new
significance
and
attracted
much
attention.
A carried on
B taken on
C
worked on
D embarked on
27.
At
the
economic
forum,
each
speech
by
a
distinguished
guest
has
to
be
translated
simultaneously.
A once in a
while
B at the same time
C in a broad sense
D as soon as possible.
28. Studies of the role of
positive thinking in our daily lives have yielded
interesting results.
A specific=definite
B active
C creative
D
confident.
29. This
training course is intended to improve the
competence of English of the staff.
A proficiency
B grasp
C
efficiency
D competition
30. Students are supposed
to set aside enough time for recreations and
sports.
A set
apart
B leave out
C go about
D put up
Section
B (0.5 point each)
31.
Some
of
the
old
customs
has
continued
____
politeness
although
they
are
no
longer
thought
about now.
A in the way of
B in the eyes of
C in the face of
D in the form of
32. One of the chief functions of slang
words is to consolidate one’s ___ with a group.
A
identification
B
specification
C
introduction
D superstition
33.
Given
the
other
constitutional
grounds
elaborated
by
the
justices,
the
association
____
that
schools should continue
to test, if they so choose.
A preserve
B safeguards
B
maintains
D
conserves
34. Finding out
information about these universities has become
amazingly easy for any one with
the
Internet ____
A entrance
B admission
C access
D
involvement
35. Lack of
exercise as well as unhealthy dietary habits can
increase the risk of ____
A
mobility
B morality
C maturity
D mortality
36. On this bridge many suicide
attempts are ____; lives can be saved.
A impulsive
B responsive
C
destructive
D speculative
37. Abraham Lincoln was
born on a small farm where the forests were ____
by wild animals.
A resided
B
inhabited
C segregated
D exhibited
38.
Some
teenagers
are
so
crazy
about
video
games
as
to
play
them
many
hours________,
if
possible.
A on purpose
B
on hand .
C on credit
D on end
39. Authorities of wildlife have spent
millions of dollars on the protection of nature
____
A reserves
B preservatives
C conservatives
D reservations.
40. The young lady is Mr. Smith’s
step
-daughter, her ____ parents having
died in an accident.
A ecological
B
psychological
C
physiological
D biological
Part III. Cloze
Test
(10 minutes, 1 point each)
No
one
knows
for
sure
whether
the
type
of
tea
(you
drink)
makes
a
difference
in
health,
but
experts
say
all
kinds
of
teas
probably
have
some
health
41
.
Each
contains
high
levels
of
antioxidants
(
抗
氧
化
剂
),
42
affect
the
process
by
which
oxygen
interacts
with
a
substance
to
change
its
chemical
43
.
But,
the
way
(tea
is
processed)
can
change
antioxidant
levels
44
color and taste.
Green tea is made by picking the leaves
and quickly heating them to stop oxidization.
Green tea
typically
has
a
45
,
fresh
taste.
Black
tea
is
processed
to
fully
oxidize
and
ferment
(
发
酵
)
the
leaves
and
create
a
stronger
taste.
Some
experts
suggest
that
this
46
some
variation
in
health
effects
between
black
and
green
teas.
The
more
rare
white
tea
is
considered
the
finest
of
teas
because it
47
the youngest
buds from the plants, which are still covered with
whitish hairs when
they’re
picked.
White
and
green
teas
have
48
amount
of
caffeine.
But
even
black
tea
contain
only about half as
much caffeine as coffee.
Herbal
teas are
something
49
different.
They
are made from
the leaves,
flowers or roots of
various
plants. Herbal teas can vary widely
50
their health
effects.
41. A advantages
B
benefits
C merits
D
profits
42. A where it
B that
C which
D when it
43. A elements
B
ingredients
C
fragment
D
composition
44. A as well
as
B as it is
C as far as
D
as it were
45. A faint
B mild
C tender
D
gentle
46. A joins in
B hands in
C results in
D gives in
47. A
composes of
B
makes out
C makes up
D consists of
48. A less
B
the least
C more
D
the most
49. A entirely
B inevitably
C enormously
D irresistibly
50. A in case of
B
in proportion to
C in exchange for
D in terms of
Part IV Reading Comprehension
(45 minutes, 30 points, 1 pint each)
Passage One
Singletons,
referring to those who live alone, are being
comforted by well-meaning friends and
family and told that not having a
partner is not the end of the world. So, it would
seem that they can
say, yes, it is not.
But no, in fact, it is the end.
A gloomy study
has just been released that says that the
international trend towards living alone
is putting an unprecedented strain on
our ecosystem.
For
a
number
of
reasons----
relationship
breakdown,
career
choice,
longer
life
spans,
smaller
families
----
the
number
of
individual
households
is
growing.
And
this
is
putting
intolerable
pressure
on
natural
resources,
and
accelerating
the
extinction
of
endangered
plant
and
animal
species. And there is worse news.
Running a refrigerator, television, cooker,
plumbing system just
for selfish little
you is a disastrous waste of resources on our
over-
populated planet. “The efficiency
of resource consumption”
is
a lot higher in households of two people or more,
simply because they
share everything.
Well imagine that . Just when you thought living
alone was OK, you would find
that all
the time you were the enemy of mankind. Every time
you put the kettle on the stove for a
cup
of
coffee
you
were
destroying
Mother
Earth.
Indeed,
it
is
not
just
your
mother
who
is
a
bit
worried
by
your
continuing
single
status
----
you
are
letting
down
the
entire
human
race
by
not
having a boyfriend or girlfriend.
The trouble is that society
has a group instinct and people panic
and hit out when they see other people
quietly rebelling and straying away from the
“standard” of
family and coupledom.
The suggestion is that singledom should
be at best a temporary state. Unless you are
assimilated
into a larger unit, you can
never be fully functional.
Try
“communal
living.”
There
are
all
these
illustrations
of
young
attractive
people
having
a
“green
time,” laughingly bumping into each other. It
looks like an episode of the TV series
Friends.
And the message is clear:
Togetherness is good, solitude is bad, and being
single on your own is
not allowed.
51. Well-meaning friends
and family members often tell those who live alone
that _____
A they should
end their singledom as soon as possible.
B they should
live together with other
singletons.
C
singledom
is
an
acceptable
life-style.
D
singledom
can
shorten
one’s
life-span.
52.
Which
of
the
following
may
NOT
be
the
reason
for
the
increasing
number
of
households
as
mentioned in the passage?
A Many people get divorced because of
unhappy marriage.
B Now people can afford to support a
household individually.
C Some people have to sacrifice family
life for their careers.
D Many people live much longer
than before.
53.
The author thinks living alone is disastrous
mainly because singledom is _________
A harmful to people’s life.
B destructive to our
ecosystem.
C
dangerous to plants and animals.
D unworkable in our society
54. It is implied in the passage that
singletons are usually _______
A self-reliant
B self-
conscious
C self-sufficient
D self-centered
55. When seeing others living alone,
some people panic because they think singledom is
____
A abnormal
B diversified
C
unimaginable
D
disgusting
56. The author
suggests that singletons should ___________
A find boy friends or girl
friends.
B
live with their parents and other family
members.
C
live
together
and
share
more
with
their
friends.
D
watch
more
episodes
of
the
TV
series
Friends.
Passage Two
In
1999
when
MiShel
and
Carl
Meissner
decided
to
have
children,
they
tackled
the
next
big
issue; Should they try
to have a girl? It was no small matter. MiShel’s
brother had become blind
from a
hereditary condition in his early 20s, and the
Meissners had learned that the condition is a
disorder
passed
from
mothers
to
sons.
If
they
had
a
boy,
he
would
have
a
50
percent
chance
of
having
the condition. A girl would be unaffected. The
British couple
’s inquiries about sex
selection
led
them
to
Virginia,
U.S.,
where
a
new
sperm-separation
technique,
called
MicroSort,
was
experimental at the time. When MiShel
became pregnant she gave birth to a daughter. Now
they
will try to have a second daughter
using the same technique.
The techniques separates
sperm into two groups--- those that carry the
X-chromosome (
染色体
)
producing a female baby and those that
carry the Y-chromosome producing a male baby.
The
technology
was
developed
in
1990s,
but
the
opening
of
laboratory
in
January
2003
in
California marked the company’s first
expansion. “We believe the number of
people who want this
technology is greater than those who
have access to it.” Said Keith L. Blauer, the
company’s clinical
director.
This
is
not
only a seemingly effective way to
select
a child’s
gender.
It
also
brings a host of
ethical and practical considerations
----especially for the majority of families who
use the technique
for nonmedical
reasons.
The clinic offers sex
selection for two purposes: to help couples avoid
passing on a sex-linked
genetic disease
and to allow those who already have a
child to “balance” their family by
having a
baby of the opposite sex.
Blaucer
said
the
company
has
had
an
impressive
success
rate:
91
percent
of
the
women
who
become
pregnant after sorting for a girl are successful,
while 76 percent who sort for a boy and get
pregnant are successful.
The
technique
separates
sperm
based
on
the
fact
that
the
X
chromosome
is
larger
than
the
Y
chromosome.
A
machine
is
used
to
distinguished
the
size
differences
and
sort
the
sperm
accordingly.
57. Why did MiShel and Carl
decide not to have a boy?
A
Because
they
might
give
birth
to
a
blind
baby.
B
Because
Carl
might
pass
his
family’s
disease to his son.
C Because the
boy might become blind when he grows up.
D Because they
wanted a daughter to balance their family.
58. When MiShel gave birth
to her first girl, the new sperm-separation
technique ____
A had
already been well-developed.
B had not been declared successful.
C was available
to those who wanted it.
D had been widely accepted in the
medical world.
59. Which of the following is
the author’s
primary concern
regarding the application of the new
technology?
A
The expansion of the new technology may not bring
profits to the companies.
B Most people who use the technology
will not have a baby as they want.
C The effect of the new
technology still needs to be carefully examined.
D Increasing
use of the technology may disturb the sex balance
in the population
60.
According to Mr. Blauer, by using the new
technology, ______
A
91%
of
the
women
successfully
give
birth
to
girls.
B
76%
of
the
women
get
pregnant
with boys.
C it is more successful for
those who want to have girls. D it is more
successful for those who want
to have
boys.
61.
The
sperm-separation
technique
is
based
on
the
fact
that
the
chromosomes
responsible
for
babies’ sex_____
A are of different shapes
B are of different sizes
C can be
identified
D
can be reproduced
62. We
can infer from this passage that the new
technology_________
A may
not guarantee people a daughter or a son as they
desire.
B is used by most families for
nonmedical reasons.
C has brought an insoluble ethical
dilemma
for mankind.
D will lead to a larger
proportional of females in the population.
Passage Three
Without
question
there
are
plenty
of
bargains
to
be
had
at
sales
time
----particularly
at
the
top-
quality shops whose reputation depends on having
only the best and newest goods in stock each
season. They tend, for obvious reasons,
to
be the fashion or
seasonal
goods which in
due
course
become the biggest bargains.
It
is
true
that
some
goods
are
specially
brought
in
for
the
sales
but
these
too
can
provide
exceptional value. A manufacturer may
have the end of a range left in his hands and be
glad to sell
the lot off cheaply to
shops;
or
he may have a
surplus of a certain material which he is glad to
make
up and get rid of cheaply; or he
may be prepared to produce a special line at low
cost merely to
keep his employees busy
during slack period. He is likely t
o
have a good many “seconds” available
and if their defects are trifling these
may be particularly good bargains.
Nevertheless,
sales
do
offer
a
special
opportunity
for
sharp
practices
and
shoppers
need
to
be
extra
critical. For example the “second”
sho
uld be clearly marked as such and
not sold as if they
were
perfect.
The
term
“substandard,”
incidentally,
usually
indicates
a
more
serious
defect
than
“seconds.”
More
serious
is
the
habit
of
marking
the
price
down
from
an
alleged
previous
price
which is in fact fictitious. Mis-
description of this and all other kinds is much
practiced by the men
who run one-day
sales of carpets in church halls and the like. As
the sellers leave the district the day
after the sale there is little
possibility of
redress
. In
ad
vertising sales, shops may say “only
100 left”
when in fact they have plenty
more; conversely they may say “10,000 at
half
-
price” when only a
few
are
available
at
such
a
drastic
reduction.
If
ever
the
warning
“let
the
buyer
beware”
were
necessary it is during
sales.
63. Which kind of
goods can be among the best bargains?
A Cheapest goods
B Newest goods
C
Seasonal goods
D Goods in stock
64. The second paragraph deals with all
of the following types of goods EXCEPT ____
A surplus goods
B low-cost
goods
C the end lot goods
D exceptionally valued
goods
65. In order to
maintain his business during a bad time, a
manufacturer may ____
A
have his goods produced at low cost.
B sell his
goods at a very low price.
C have his employees sell his goods.
D try to
produce high quality goods.
66. The passage suggests that
“seconds”____________
A
are
of
better
quality
than
“substandard
goods”
B
attract
buyers
as
particularly
good
bargains.
C are defective but marked as perfect.
D are goods with serious
defects
67. The word
“redress” ( the underlined word in the last
paragraph) probably means ____
A dressing again
B
change of address
C compensation
for something wrong.
D selling the same product at different
prices.
68. During sales
shoppers should ____
A find
the best bargains at every opportunity.
B beware of
being cheated.
C buy things that are necessary.
D
pay more attention to the price.
Passage Four
How
many of
today’s ailment, or even illnesses, are purely
psychological? And how far can these
be
alleviated by the use of drugs? For example a
psychiatrist concerned mainly with the emotional
problems of old people might improve
their state of mind somewhat b
y
the use of anti-depressants
but he would not remove the
root
cause of their
depression ----- the feeling of being useless,
often
unwanted and handicapped by
failing physical powers.
One of the most important
controversies in medicine today is how far
doctors, and particularly
psychologists, should depend on the use
of drugs for “curing” their patients. It is not
merely that
drugs may have been
insufficiently tested and may reveal harmful side
effects as happened in the
case of
anti-sickness pills prescribed for expectant
mothers but the
uneasiness
of doctor who feel
that they
are treating the symptoms of a disease without
removing the disease itself. On the other
hand, some psychiatrists argue that in
many cases such as chronic depressive illness it
is impossible
to get at the root of the
illness while the patient is in a depressed state.
Even prolonged psychiatric
care may
have no noticeable effect whereas some people can
be lifted out of a depression by the use
of drugs within a matter of weeks.
These doctors feel not only that they have no
right to withhold
such treatment, but
that the root cause of depression can be tackled
better when the patient himself
feels
better.
This
controversy
is
concerned,
however,
with
the
serious
psychological
illnesses.
It
does
not
solve
the
problem
of
those
whose
headaches,
indigestion,
backache,
etc.
are
due
to
“nerves”. Commonly a busy family doctor
will ascribe them to some
physical cause and as a matter
of routine prescribe a drug. Once again
the symptoms are being cured rather than the
disease itself.
It may be true to say, as one doctor
suggested recently, that over half of the cases
that come to the
ordinary
doctor’s
attention
are
not
purely
physical
ailments.
If
this
is
so,
the
situation
is
serious
indeed.
69. The
author thinks that drugs used for treating
psychological ills ______
A
could be ineffective in some cases.
B usually have
harmful side effects.
C can greatly alleviate the illnesses.
D can remove the root causes.
70. The controversy
mentioned in the passage focuses on ___
A whether psychologists
should use drugs to cure their patients.
B how
psychologists should treat their patients.
C the fact that all of the drugs have
harmful
side effects.
D the extent to which drugs
should be used to fight psychological illness.
71. The passage indicates
that psychologists _____
A
find
it
impossible
to
remove
a
psychological
disease
B
feel
dissatisfied
at
treating
their
patients with drugs.
C believe that the root
cause of a disease can be ignored. D can do
nothing if the patient is in a
depressed state .
72. When treating patients with
psychological problems, some doctors feel that
they ____
A are at a loss
for treatment.
B have no right to use
drugs.
C have
to cure their patients by any means.
D should use drugs to treat
the symptoms.
73. A family
doctor would normally consider a headache or
backache as a result of ____
A
a
more
serious
disease
B
some
emotional
problem.
C
a
physical
disorder
D
prolonged work
74. Regarding the situation of
psychological problems the author feels ____
A concerned
B
hopeless
C surprised
D disappointed
Passage Five
Those who make
the rules for financial institution probably
should take a modified oath. Their
pledge
would
be:
First,
do
no
harm.
Second,
if
the
reforms
put
before
me)
are
unclear,
don’t
approve them.
Charles Morris may not have
intend
ed his new book
Money, Greed, and Risk
to
cast such a dim
light on
the
regulators, but it does. In fact, it may serve as
a wake-up call for true believers in our
current
regulatory
structure,
most
of
which
was
erected
in
the
1930s
and
most
of
which
Morris
seems to favor, despite the stupid
results it has caused.
Morris, a former Chase
Manhattan banking executive, outlines in great
detail, again and again,
how
regulators,
lawmakers,
firms
and
many
of
the
customers
marched
straight
into
mortgage,
currency,
thrift
(
互相
储
蓄
)
and
other
investment
disasters.
His
discussion
of
Regulation
Q,
an
attempt
by
Congress
in
the
1960s
to
rescue
ailing
savings
and
loans
by
regulating
interest
rates,
reveals not only
Congressional economic illiteracy, but also the
deep harm such foolish thinking can
do
to the real economy.
After some 260 pages
listing the foolish things of Wall Street,
regulators and lawmakers, Morris
draws
some pessimistic conclusions: “One constant in all
the crises is that the regulatory responses
come only after
a crisis
hits its peak.” For example, it “took the S&L
crisis of the 1980s to bring
honest
accounting to thrifts, and it wasn’t until the
banking sector suffered huge losses in real estate
and foreign loans that regulators began
to enforce strict capital
standards.”
So, what is the point of
regulation? Morris, who is excellent at recounting
tales of regulation gone