有关进销存管理系统中英文翻译

In traditional supply chain inventory management, orders are the only information

firms

exchange,

but

information

technology

now

allows

firms

to

share

demand

and

inventory

data

quickly

and

inexpensively.

We

study

the

value

of

sharing

these

data

in

a

model

with

one supplier, N identical retailers, and stationary stochastic consumer demand. There

are inventory holding costs and back-order penalty costs. We compare a traditional

information policy that does not use shared information with a full information policy

that does exploit shared information. In a numerical study we find that supply chain

costs

are

2.2%

lower

on

average

with

the

full

information

policy

than

with

the

traditional

information

policy,

and

the

maximum

difference

is

12.1%.

We

also

develop

a

simulation-based lower bound over all feasible policies. The cost difference between

the traditional information policy and the lower bound is an upper bound on the value

of information sharing: In the same study, that difference is 3.4% on average, and no

more than 13.8%. We contrast the value of information sharing with two other benefits

of information technology, faster and cheaper order processing, which lead to shorter

lead

times

and

smaller

batch

sizes,

respectively.

In

our

sample,

cutting

lead

times

nearly

in half reduces costs by 21% on average, and cutting batches in half reduces costs by

22% on average. For the settings we study, we conclude that implementing information

technology to accelerate and smooth the physical flow of goods through a supply chain

is significantly more valuable than using information technology to expand the flow of

information.

Inventory management is a commercial enterprise management of the core areas,

Enterprises can also achieve an effective key, if we can achieve from the purchase of

stock, Sales then the entire flow of goods and capital flow situation for the unified

management

and

reasonable

production,

timely

sales

and

inventory

is

the

smallest.

reduce

the backlog of material, then the business will achieve the best results

.

n

In my experience, session word is probably second only to the extent of the abuse

of

transaction,

even

more

interesting

is

the

transaction

and

the

session

in

the

context

of the meaning of some of the same.

session, the Chinese often translated into the session, its original meaning refers to

the beginnings and ends of a series of action / information, such as a phone call from

the dial to pick up the phone to hang up the middle of the process can be described as

a

series

of

session.

Sometimes

we

can

see

that

the

case

the

session

in

a

browser

session ,...

to close the period of

①

. The most confusing is the

session,

the

words,

it

may

refer

to

a

series

of

user

actions

(generally

with

a

specific

purpose related to a series of actions, such as log on to buy goods from to sign out

such an online shopping checkout process, sometimes also called a transaction), but

sometimes may be just that a connection could also be that the meaning of

①

, the

difference can only be inferred by context

②

.

However, when the term session is associated with the network protocol when it often

implies

a

and

/

or

hold

so

the

two

meanings,

first establish a communication channel, such as phone calls, until the other party

answered

the

phone

communication

can

begin,

and

this

is

the

opposite

of

writing,

before

you sent the letter, the time you and can not confirm the other side of the address is

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correct, communication

channels

Buyi

Ding

can

be

established, but the sender,

the

communication has already begun.

associate

a

series

of

messages,

making

messages

between

each

other

depends,

for

example,

a waiter can recognize old customers come back and remember the last time the customer

still owes a store, dollar . Examples of this type,

③

.

And to the web server flourishing, session in the context of semantic web development

has

a

new

expansion,

its

meaning

is

mean

to

the

client

and

server

to

maintain

state

between

the solution

④

. Session is also sometimes used to refer to such solutions, storage

structures,

such

in

the

session

to

xxx

where

⑤

.

For

various

用

于

web

development languages are available to some extent on the support of such a solution,

so in the context of a particular language

下

, session also used to denote a solution

on

behalf

of

the

language,

such

as

regular

Java

in

the

provision

of

ssion referred to as the session

⑥

.

In view of this confusion has been changed, in this article use the term session will

have different meanings depending on the context, drew attention to the resolution.

In this article, the

use of Chinese

browser

session,

the meaning

of

①

, use

④

, use the

meaning

⑤

, use specific

⑥

Second, HTTP protocol and the state to maintain

HTTP protocol itself is stateless, HTTP protocol which is consistent with the original

purpose of the client only needs a simple request to download some file server, either

the

client

or

the

server

not

have

been

necessary

records

of

past

behavior

to

each

other,

and

each

time

between

the

request

are

independent,

like

a

customer

and

a

vending

machine

or an ordinary (non-membership) as the relationship between supermarkets.

However, smart (or greedy?) People soon discovered that if they can provide on-demand

generation of dynamic web information will become more useful, like a cable TV with

on-demand the same function. This demand on the one hand to force gradually add HTML

form,

script,

DOM

and

other

client- side

behavior,

on

the

other

hand

there

is

the

server-side CGI practices to respond to client-side dynamic request, the HTTP protocol

as the transport carrier also added a file upload , cookie these characteristics. The

role which cookie is to solve the stateless HTTP protocol efforts defects. As for the

subsequent emergence of the session mechanism is yet another in between the client and

the server state solution.

Let

us

use

some

examples

to

describe

the

session

cookie

and

the

differences

and

similarities between the mechanisms. I once frequented a coffee shop with free gifts

to drink five cups of coffee offers a cup of coffee, but a one-time consumption of five

cups of coffee is remote, then need a way to record a customer's consumption. Imagine

that in fact nothing less than the following several options:

1, the store's staff is very powerful, able to remember each customer's consumption,

as long as customers entered the cafe, shop assistants know how to deal with the. This

approach is the agreement itself to support the state.

2, issue customers a card recording the number of consumers in general have a validity

period. Each consumer, if this card is produced, then the consumer will be with the

consumer before or after linking up. This approach is maintained in the client state.

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3, a membership card issued to customers, in addition to any information outside the

card number is not recorded, each consumer, if the card is produced, then the records

clerk

in

the

store

to

find

the

card

number

corresponds

to

the

record

to

add

some

consumer

information. This approach is maintained in the server-side state.

As

the

HTTP

protocol

is

stateless,

but

due

to

various

considerations

do

not

want

to

become

a state, therefore, the last two programs has become a realistic option. Specifically

cookie mechanism is used to maintain state of the client program, which uses a session

mechanism to maintain state in the server-side program. We also see that, thanks to

server-side

maintain

state

of

the

program

in

customer

client

but

also

Xuyaobaocun

a

logo,

so mechanisms may need the help of session cookie mechanism to identify the purpose of

Da Dao saved, it actually alternatives are available.

Third, the cookie mechanism

The

basic

principle

cookie

mechanism

as

simple

as

the

above

example,

but

there

are

several

issues

to

resolve:

card

how

to

distribute;

card

of

the

content;

and customers how to use the

Orthodox

cookie

distribution

is

by

extending

the

HTTP

protocol

to

achieve,

and

the

server

through

the

HTTP

response

header

with

a

line

of

special

instructions

to

prompt

the

browser

in

accordance

with

the

instructions

generates

the

corresponding

cookie.

But

pure

client- side scripting such as JavaScript or VBScript can also generate the cookie.

The

cookie

used

by

the

browser

in

the

background

according

to

certain

principles

automatically

sent

to

the

server.

Check

all

stored

browser

cookie,

if

a

cookie

is

greater

than or equal scope statement will be the location of the requested resources, put the

resources

of

the

HTTP

request

cookie

attached

to

the

head

sent

the

request

to

the

server.

Means that McDonald's membership card can only be produced in the McDonald's store, if

a store has also issued

its own membership card, then enter the store when the addition

to produce McDonald's membership card, but also to produce a member of the store card.

cookie's contents include: name, values, expiration time, path and domain.

You can specify a domain in which a domain such as. , the equivalent of main

store

signs,

such

as

Procter

&

Gamble,

you

can

also

specify

a

specific

domain

of

a

machine

under such or , can float Flexibility to do than.

Path is the name behind the URL with the path, such as / or / foo, etc., can do more

than a counter Rejoice.

Path together with the domain constitutes a cookie's scope.

If you do not set the expiration time, then the lifetime of this cookie to the browser

during the session, simply close the browser window, cookie disappears. This period of

life

of

the

cookie

browser

session

is

called

session

cookie.

Session

cookie

is

generally

not stored on the hard disk but kept in memory, of course, provided that it is not

standardized. If you set the expiration time, the browser the cookie will be saved to

the hard disk, open again after closing the browser, the cookie is still valid until

the expiration time exceeds a set.

Stored in a cookie on your hard disk in a different browser, shared between processes,

such

as

the

two

IE

windows.

And

stored

in

memory

for

the

cookie,

different

browsers

have

different approaches. For IE, open windows in a press Ctrl-N (or from the File menu)

to open the window can be shared with the original window while using other means to

open the IE process will not have

to open the

windows shared memory cookie; for Mozilla

Firefox0.8, all of the process and can share the same tab the cookie. In general is the

javascript

window

will

open

with

the

original

windows

shared

memory

cookie.

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Browser,

this

cookie

for

the

session

cookie

does

not

believe

that

people

only

recognize

the

approach

to

the

use

of

the

regular

session

of

web

application

development

mechanism

causing great distress.

Here is a goolge set cookie response header example

HTTP/1.1 302 Found

Location: /intl/zh-CN/

Set- Cookie: PREF = ID = 0565f77e132de138: NW = 1: TM = 1098082649: LM = 1098082649: S

=

KaeaCFPo49RiA_d8;

expires

=

Sun,

17-Jan-2038

19:14:07

GMT;

path

=

/;

domain

=.

google

.

com

Content-Type: text / html

This is the use of HTTPLook the HTTP Sniffer HTTP communications software to capture

the part of the record

Goolge browser to access the resources again, automatically send out cookie

Use Firefox can easily observe the current value of cookie

Use HTTPLook with Firefox cookie can easily understand the working principle.

IE can be set to ask before accepting cookie

This is a dialog box asking to accept cookie.

Fourth, understand the session mechanism

mechanism is a server-side session mechanism, the server uses a hash table is similar

to the structure (and probably is to use a hash table) to save the information.

When the program needs for a client's

request to create a

session when the server first

checks the client's request is included in a session ID - known as the session id, if

the description contains a session id for this client previously Create over session,

the server in accordance with the session id to retrieve the session out of the use (if

not retrieved, may be the new one), if the client request does not include session id,

then create a session for this client and generate a session with this associated with

the session id, session id value should be a not only will not repeat, not easy to find

the

law

to

copy

the

string,

the

session

id

to

be

returned

in

this

response

to

the

client

saved.

Save the session id of the ways to use cookie, so the interaction of the browser can

automatically identify this play by the rules to the server. The name of this cookie

are

generally

similar

to

SEEESIONID,

and.

For

example,

web

applications

weblogic

generated cookie, JSESSIONID = ByOK3vjF D75aPnrF7C2HmdnV6QZcEbzWoWiBYEnLerjQ99zWpBng!

-145788764, Its name is JSESSIONID.

As

the

cookie

can

be

artificially

prohibited,

there

must

be

other

mechanisms

to

be

banned

in the cookie when the session id still be able to pass back to the server. Often use

a technique called URL rewriting, the session id is attached to the URL path directly

behind, there are two additional ways, one is the URL path as additional information,

showing

the

form

of

http://

...

..

/

xxx;

jsessionid

=

ByOK 3vjFD75aPnrF7C2HmdnV6QZcEbzWoWiBYEnLerjQ99zWpBng! -145788764

The

other

is

as

a

URL

query

string

appended

to

the

back,

showing

the

form

of

http://.. .../xxx?jsessionid=ByOK3vjFD75aPnrF7C2HmdnV6QZcEbz WoWiBYEnLerjQ99zWpBng!-1

45788764

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Both ways is no different for users, and only a server parsing the time to deal with

the different ways, using the first ways are conducive to turning one kind of session

id's information and to distinguish normal program parameters.

Wei Liao Zai the interaction always maintain state, we must each client may request a

path to the rear of containing this session id.

Another technique known as hidden form fields. Is that the server will automatically

modify the form, add a hidden field, so when the form is submitted to the session id

passed back to the server. Example, the following form