-
真题解析及参考答案月大学
英语四级
201
9
年
6
,
you
are
allowed
30
minutes
to
Writing For this part
(30
minutes)Directions
:
Part I
campus
newspaper
news
report
to
your
on
a
volunteer
activity
organized
by
your
write
a
assist
elderly
people
in
the
neighborhoodStudent
Union
to
.
You
should
write
at least 120 words
but no more than180
words.
【参考范文】
On
June 14, Friday, a volunteer activity
where many students took an active part
in visiting the local
Nursing House was organized by the Student Union
and it turns
out to be a big activity was aimed at
encouraging students to visit the
elderly at the Nursing
House and help elderly people deal with
their troubles both physical and
psychological. Many students
volunteered to participate in this good deed and
were
engaged in helping the
elderly here out by making their meals, washing
their clothes
and chatting
with them. When asked about those volunteers'
feelings about such an
experience, all of them responded with
a smile, saying
“
what a
wonderful practice
and I
really appreciate this experience, for it makes me
learn to care more for others
”
in in all, the
activity turns out to be a success not only for
the visited elderly
but for those students
involved.
【参考范文译文】
6
月
14
日，星期五，学生会组织了
一个
参观当地敬老院的志愿活动，许多学生都积极参与
其中，该活动取得了巨大的成功。此次志愿
活动旨在拜访当地敬老院的
老人们并对他们各个方面的困难提供帮助。
许多学生主动加入到此次
善举当中，帮老人们洗衣做饭、谈心解闷，竭尽所能提供帮助。问及参与此次活动的感想时，他
们毫无例外地回道“真是太有意义了，很感谢这次经历，它让我懂得要去
<
/p>
更加关爱那些有困难
的人”总而言之，此次活动取得了巨大成功，
不仅仅对那些老人来说受益多多，
对于参与的学生
来
说也是意义良多。
Section
A
inutes)
(40 Part
III Reading
Comprehension
m
The center of American
automobile innovation has in the past decade moved
2,000 miles away. It
26
from Detroit to Silicon
Valley, where self
-
driving
vehicles are coming into
that In a 27 28
to take production back to
Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introducedcould
make
their state the best place in the
country, if not the world, to develop
self
-
driving
vehicles and put them on
the road.
29
in auto research and development is
under attack from
several states and
“
Michigan's
our leadership in
transportation. We can't let
happen
,
”
says Senator countries which
desire to
30
of four bills recently Kowall, the
lead 31
a substantial update of Michigan's 2013
law
32If all four bills pass as written,
they would
Manufacturer would have that allowed
the testing of self
-
driving
vehicles in limited
total freedom to
test their self
-
driving
technology on public roads. They would be allowed
of to send groups of
self
-
driving cars on
cross
-
state road trips, and
even set on
-
demand
33
self
-
driving
cars, like the one General Motors and Lyft are
building.
Lawmakers in Michigan
clearly want to make the state ready
for the commercial application of
recently proposed far
, 34self
-
driving
technology. InCalifornia, home of Silicon
Valley,
rules that would
require human
drivers be ready to take
the wheel, and commercial use more 35
of
self
-
driving
technology.
replaceE) fleetsG) legislation
dominanceA) bid
B)contrastF) knotsC)I)deputy
D)
O)
transmittedL) reward N)k) restrictiveM)
significantJ)
representsponsor
26
-
30
HAGDI31
-
35
NJEBK
【参考答案】
Section
B
How
Work
Will
Change
When Most of Us Live to
100
A.
centenarian
s
（百岁老人）
are 72,000
.Worldwide,
Today in the United States
there
Probably 450,000. If current
trends continue, then by 2050 there will be more
than a million in the US alone.
According to the work of Professor James Vaupel
and his co-researchers, 50% of babies
born in the US in 2007 have a life
expectancy of 104 or more. Broadly the
same holds for the UK, Germany, France,
babies can
expect to live to and Canada, and for Japan 50%
of 2007
B.
Understandably, there are concerns
about what this means for public finances
given the associated health and pension
challenges. These challenges are real,
and society urgently needs to address
them. But it is also important to look
at the wider picture of what happens
when so many people live for 100 years.
longevity
(
长寿
) with issues
of old age. Longer
to simply equate It
is a mistake
lives have implications for all of
life, not just the end of
it.
C.
Our
view
is
that
if
many
people
are
living for longer, and
are healthier for
longer, then this
will result in an inevitable redesign of work and
life. When
people live longer, they
are not only older for longer, but also younger
for
longer. There is some truth in the
saying that
“
70 is the new
60
”
or
“
40
the new
30.
”
If you age more slowly
over a longer time period, then you are
in some sense
younger for longer.
D.
But the changes go further than that.
Take, for
instance, the age at which
people make commitments such as buying
a house, getting married, having
children, or starting a career. These
are all fundamental commitments that
are now occurring later in life. In
1962, 50% of Americans were married by
milestone
)had
shifted to age 29.
(age 21. By 2014,
that
里程碑
E.
While there are numerous
factors behind these shifts, one factor
is surely
a growing realization for
the young that they are going to live longer.
Options
are more valuable the longer
they can be held. So if you believe you will live
longer, then options become more
valuable, and early commitment becomes less
characterized
previously
that commitments the that is result The
attractive.
the beginning of adulthood
are now being delayed, and new patterns of
behavior
and
a
new
stage
of
life
are
emerging
for
those
in
their
twenties.
F
.
< br>
Longevity
also
pushes
back the age of
retirement, and not only for financial
reasons. Yes, unless people are
prepared to save a lot more, our calculations
suggest that if you are now in your
mid-40s, then you are likely to work until
your early 70s; and if you are in your
early 20s, there is a real chance you
will need to work until your late 70s
or possibly even into your 80s. But even
if people are able to economically
support a retirement at 65, over thirty
cognitive
(
认知的
years of potential inactivity
is harmful to
) and emotional
vitality. Many
people may simply not want to do
it.
G.
And yet
that does not mean that simply
extending our careers is appealing.
Just lengthening that second stage of
full-time work may secure the financial
assets needed for a 100-year life, but
such persistent work will inevitably
exhaust precious intangible assets such
as productive skills, vitality,
happiness, and
friendship.
H.
The
same is true for education. It is impossible that
a single shot of education,
administered in childhood and early
adulthood, will be able to support a
sustained, 60-year career. If you
factor in the projected rates of
technological change, either your
skills will become unnecessary, or your
industry outdated. That means that
everyone will, at some point in their life,
have
to
make
a
number
of
major
reinvestments
in
their
skills.
A.
It
seems
likely,
then,
that the traditional
three-stage life will evolve into
multiple stages containing two, three,
or oven more different careers. Each
of these stages could potentially be
different. In one the focus could be on
building financial success and personal
achievement, in another on creating
a
better work/life balance, still another on
exploring and understanding
options
more fully, or becoming an independent producer,
yet another on making
Contribution. These stages will span
sectors, take people a socialto different
Foundation
for
building a wide
variety of
, and provide
sabbaticals
(
休
假
marked
with
) as people find
stages
J) Transitions between could be
rest
and
recharge
their
health,
re-invest
in
their
relationships,
or
improve
tim
t
hese
breaks and
transitions will be
self
-
determined, at others
they will
At times,their skills.
be forced as
existing roles, firms, or industries cease to
exist.K
）
A
multi
-
stage life will have
profound
changes not just in how you
manage your career, but also
in your approach to life. An
increasingly important skill will be your ability
to deal with change
and
even welcome it. A
three
-
stage life has few
transitions, while a
multi
-
stage life has many.
That is why being
self
-
aware, investing in
broader networks of friends, and being open to new
ideas will
become even more crucial
skills.L
）
These multi-stage
lives will create
extraordinary variety
across groups of people
simply because
there are so many ways of sequencing the stages.
More stages mean
more
possible
sequences.M
）
With
this variety will come the end of the close
association of age and
stage. I n a
three
-
stage
life, people leave university at the
same time and the same age, they tend to start
their careers and
family at
the same age, they proceed through middle
management all roughly the same time, and
then move into retirement
within a few years of each other. In a
multi
-
stage life, you could
be an
undergraduate at 20,
40, or 60; a manager at 30, 50, or 70; and become
an independent producer at
any
age.
N
）
Current
life structures, career paths, educational
choices, and social norms are out of tune
with
the
emerging reality of longer lifespans. The
three
-
stage life of
full
-
time education,
followed by
continuous
work, and then complete retirement may have worked
for our parents or even
grandparents, but it is not relevant
today. We believe that to focus on longevity as
primarily an
issue of aging
is to miss its full implications. Longevity is not
necessarily about being older for