2020年12月大学英语四级真题及答案第一套

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2016

年

12

月大学英语四级考试真题

(

第

1

套

)

Part

Ⅰ

Writing

(30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose

you have twooptions upon graduation: one is to find a job somewhere and the other

to

start

abusiness

of

your

own.

You

are

to

make

a

decision.

Write

an

essay

to

explain

the

reasonsfor

your

decision.

You

should

write

at

least

120

words

but

no

more

than

180 words.

Part

Ⅲ

Reading Comprehension

(40 minutes)

Section A

Directions:

In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required

to

select

one

wordfor

each

blank

from

a

list

of

choices

given

in

a

word

bank

following

the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each

choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter

for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not

use any of the words in thebank more than once.

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

When

someone

commits

a

criminal

act,

we

always

hope

the

punishment

will

match

the

when

it

comes

to

one

of

the

cruelest

crimes--animal

fighting-- things26

work out that -fighting victims are 27 and killed for profit and

yet

their

criminal

abusers

oftenreceive

a28

sentence

for

causing

a

lifetime

of

pain.

Roughly

half

of

all

federally-convicted

animalfighters

only

get

probation

(

缓刑

).

Some

progress

has

been

made

in

the

prosecution

(

起诉

)

of

animal

fighters.

But

federal

judgesoften

rely

heavily

on

the

U.

S.

Sentencing

GuideLines

when

they29

penalties,

and in the case ofanimal fighting, those guidelines are outdated and extremely30

The

U.S.

Sentencing

Commission,

which31

these

sentencing

guidelines,

is

revisiting

them,proposing to raise the minimum sentence from 6 - 12 to 21 - 27 months. This

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is

a

step

in

the

right32,

but

we'd

like

to

see

the

U.

S.

Sentencing

Commission

make

further changes to the guidelines.

Along with this effort, we're working with animal advocates and state and federal

lawmakers to33 anti-cruelty laws across the country, as well as supporting laws

and

policies

that

assistoverburdened

animal

34

that

care

for

animal

fighting

victims.

This help is 35 importantbecause the high cost of caring for animal victims is a

major

factor

that

prevents

people

from

gettinginvolved

in

cruelty

cases

in

the

first

place.

A. convenient

B. creates

C. critically

D. determine

E. direction

F. hesitate

G. inadequate

H. inspired

I. method

J. minimal

K. rarely

L. shelters

M. strengthen

N. sufferings

O. tortured

Section B

Directions:

In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements

attached

to

it.

Eachstatement

contains

information

given

in

one

of

the

paragraphs.

Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose a

paragraph

more

than

paragraph

is

marked

with

a

the

questions

1

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by marking thecorresponding letter on

Answer Sheet 2.

When Work Becomes a Game

A)

What

motivates

employees

to

do

their

jobs

well?

Competition

with

coworkers,

for

some. Thepromise of rewards, for others. Pure enjoyment of problem-solving, for

a lucky few.

B) Increasingly, companies are tapping into these desires directly through what

has come to be knownas

game

designers

do

to

create

a

great

experience

ingames,

and

taking

those

learnings

and applying them to other contexts

such as the

workplace andeducation,

Kevin Werbach, a gamification expert who teaches at the Wharton School ofBusiness

at the University of Pennsylvania in the United States.

C) It might mean monitoring employee productivity on a digital leaderboard and

offering prizes to thewinner, or giving employees digital badges or stars for

completing

certain

activities.

It

could

alsomean

training

employees

how

to

do

their

jobs through video game

platforms.

Companies fromGoogle to

L'Or

é

alto

IBM to Wells

Fargo are known to use some degree of gamification in theirworkplaces. And more

and more companies are joining them. A recent report suggests that theglobal

gamification

market

will

grow

from

$$1.65

billion

in

2015

to

$$11.1

billion

by

2020.

D) The concept of gamification is not entirely new, Werbach says. Companies,

marketers

and

teachershave

long

looked

for

fun

ways

to

engage

people's

reward-seeking

or

competitive

spirits.

Cracker

Jackshas

been

its

snack

food by putting a small prize inside for more than 100 years, headds, and the

turn-of-the-century steel magnate (

巨头

) Charles Schwab is said to have often

comeinto his factory and written the number of tons of steel produced on the past

shift on the factoryfloor, thus motivating the next shift of workers to beat the

previous one.

E) But the word

concept only beganin earnest about five years ago, Werbach says. Thanks in part

to

video

games,

the

generation

nowentering

the

workforce

is

especially

open

to

the

idea

of

having

their

work

gamified.

are

at

apoint

where

in

much

of

the

developed

world

the

vast

majority

of

young

people

grew

up

playingvideo

games,

and

an

increasingly high percentage of adults play these video games too,

F) A number of companies have sprung up--GamEffective, Bunchbail and Badgeville,

1

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.

to

name

a

few--in

recent

years

offering

gamification

platforms

for

businesses.

The

platforms that are most effectiveturn employees' ordinary job tasks into part of

a

rich

adventure

narrative.

makes

a

gamegame-like

is

that

the

player

actually

cares

about

the

outcome,

Werbach

says.

principle

isabout

understanding

what

is

motivating

to

this

group

of

players,

which

requires

some

understandingof

psychology.

G)

Some

people,

Werbach

says,

are

motivated

by

people

often

fall

into

thiscategory.

For

them,

the

right

kind

of

gamification

might

be

turning

their

saies pitches into acompetition with other team members, complete with a digital

leaderboard showing who is winningat all times. Others are more motivated by

collaboration

and

social

experiences.

One

companyWerbach

has

studied

uses

gamification

to

create

a

sense

of

community

and

boost

employees'

morale(

士气

).

When

employees

log

in

to

their

computers,

they're

shown

a

picture

of

one

of

theircoworkers

and asked to guess that person's name.

H) Gamification does not have to be digital. Monica Cornetti runs a company that

gamifies

employeetrainings.

Sometimes

this

involves

technology,

but

often

it

does

not.

She

recently

designed

agamification

strategy

for

a

saies

training

company

with

a

storm- chasing

theme.

Employees

formed

chaser

teams

and

competed

in

storm-themed educational exercises to earn variousrewards.

to be stuff,

training, this one for pay roll law, used a Snow White and the Seven Dwarfstheme.

copyright,so Cornetti invented sound-alike characters (Grumpy Gus, Dopey Dan) to

illustrate specific pay rolllaw principles.

I)

Some

people

do

not

take

naturaily

to

gamified

work

environments,

Cornetti

herexperience, people in positions of power or people in finance or engineering

do not tend to like thesound of the word.

not

talking

about

a

'

game'

at

all,

says.

talking

about

a

'

simulation'

(

模拟

), I'm talking about ' being able to solvethis problem. '

J) Gamification is

that

is

notsufficiently

thought

through

or

well

tailored

to

its

players

may

engage

people for a little while, but itwill

not

motivate people

in the long

term. It can

also

be

exploitative,

especially

when

used

withvulnerable

populations.

For

workers,

especially low-paid workers, who desperately need their jobsyet know they can be

easily replaced, gamification may feel more like the Hunger Games. Werbachgives

the example

of several

Disneyland hotels in Anaheim, Caiifornia, which used large

1

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digital

leaderboards

to

display

how

efficiently

laundry

workers

were

working

compared to one employees found the board motivating. To others, it

was the opposite of fun. Some began tostop taking bathroom breaks, worried that

if

their

productivity

fell

they

would

be

fired.

Pregnantemployees

struggled

to

keep

up.

In

a

Los

Angeles

Times

article,

one

employee

referred

to

the

boardas

a

whip.

actually

had

a

very

negative

effect

on

morale

and

performance,

Werbachsays.

K) Still, gamification only stands to become more popular, he says,

more

people

comeinto

the

workforce

who

are

familiar

with

the

structures

and

expressions

of

digitai

games.

arefar

from

reaching

the

peak,

Cornetti

agrees.

36. Some famous companies are already using gamification and more are trying to

do the same.

37. Gamification is not a miracle cure for all workplaces as it may have negative

results.

38. To enhance morale, one company asks its employees to identify their fellow

workers when startingtheir computers.

39. The idea of gamification was practiced by some businesses more than a century

ago.

40. There is reason to believe that gamification will be here to stay.

41. Video games contributed in some ways to the wide application of gamification.

42. When turning work into a game, it is necessary to understand what makes games

interesting.

43. Gamification in employee training does not always need technology.

44. The most successful gamification platforms transform daily work assignments

into fun experiences.

45. It is necessary to use terms other than

Section C

Directions:

There

are

2

passages

in

this

section.

Each

passage

is

followed

by

some

questions orunfinished

statements. For

each of

them there are four choices marked

A,

B,

C

andD

.

You

should

decide

on

the

best

choice

and

mark

the

corresponding

letter

1

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