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英语四级
真题解析及参考答案
Part I
Writing
(30
minutes)
Directions
:
For this part, you are allowed 30
minutes to
write
a
news report to your campus newspaper
on a volunteer activity organized by
your
Student Union to assist elderly
people in the neighborhood
. You should
write at least 120 words
but no more
than180 words.
【参考范文】
On June
14, Friday, a volunteer activity where many
students took an active part in visiting the
local Nursing House was organized by
the Student Union and it turns out to be a big
success.
The activity was aimed at
encouraging students to visit the elderly at the
Nursing House and
help elderly people
deal with their troubles both physical and
psychological. Many students
volunteered to participate in this good
deed and were engaged in helping the elderly here
out by
making their meals, washing
their clothes and chatting with them. When asked
about those
volunteers’
feelings about such an experience, all of them
responded with a smile, saying
“what
a wonderful practice and I really
appreciate this experience, for it makes me learn
to care more
for others in
need.”
All in all, the
activity turns out to be a success not only for
the visited elderly but for those
students involved.
【参考范文译文】
6
月
14
日，
星期五，
学生会组织了一个参观当地敬老院的志愿活动，
许多学生都积极参与
其中，该活动取得了巨大的成功。
此次志
愿活动旨在拜访当地敬老院的老人们并对他们各个方面的困难提供帮助。
许多学生
主动加入到此次善举当中，帮老人们洗衣做饭、谈心解闷，竭尽所能提供帮助。问及参与
此次活动的感想时，他们毫无例外地回道
“
真
是太有意义了，很感谢这次经历，它让我懂
得要去更加关爱那些有困难的人
”
总而言之，此次活动取得了巨大成功，不仅仅对
那些老人来说受益多多，对于参与的学生
来说也是意义良多。
Part III
Reading Comprehension
(40
minutes)
Section A
The
center of American automobile innovation has in
the past decade moved 2,000 miles away.
It has 26 from Detroit to Silicon
Valley, where self-driving vehicles are coming
into life.
In a 27 to take
production back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers
have introduced 28 that
could make
their state the best place in the country, if not
the world, to develop self-driving
vehicles and put them on the road.
“Michigan’s
29 in auto research and development is under
attack from several states and
countries which desire to 30
our leadership in transportation. We
can’t let happen,” says
Senator Mike
Kowall, the lead 31 of four bills recently
introduced.
If all four bills pass
as written, they would 32
a
substantial update of Michigan’s 2013 law
that allowed the testing of self-
driving vehicles in limited conditions.
Manufacturer would have
nearly total
freedom to test their self-driving technology on
public roads. They would be allowed
to
send groups of self-driving cars on cross-state
road trips, and even set on-demand 33 of
self-driving cars, like the one General
Motors and Lyft are building.
Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the
state ready for the commercial application
of self-driving technology. In 34 ,
California, home of Silicon Valley, recently
proposed far
more 35 rules that would
require human drivers be ready to take the wheel,
and commercial use
of self-driving
technology.
A) bid
B)
contrast C) deputy D) dominance E) fleets F) knots
G) legislation
I) replace
J) represent k) restrictive L) reward
M) significant N) sponsor O)
transmitted
【参考答案】
26-30
HAGDI31-35 NJEBK
Section B
How Work Will Change When Most of Us
Live to 100
A.
Today in the United States there are
72,000
centenarians
（百岁老人）
.Worldwide,
Probably 450,000.
If current trends continue, then by 2050 there
will be more than a
million in the US
alone. According to the work of Professor James
Vaupel and his
co-researchers, 50% of
babies born in the US in 2007 have a life
expectancy of 104 or
more. Broadly the
same holds for the UK, Germany, France, Italy and
Canada, and for
Japan 50% of 2007
babies can expect to live to 107.
B.
Understandably, there are concerns
about what this means for public finances given
the
associated health and pension
challenges. These challenges are real, and society
urgently
needs to address them. But it
is also important to look at the wider picture of
what happens
when so many people live
for 100 years. It is a mistake to simply equate
longevity
(
长寿
)
with issues of old age. Longer lives
have implications for all of life, not just the
end of it.
C.
Our
view is that if many people are living for longer,
and are healthier for longer, then this
will result in an inevitable redesign
of work and life. When people live longer, they
are not
only older for longer, but also
younger for longer. There is some truth in the
saying
that
“70 is the new
60”
or
“40
the new 30.”
If you age more
slowly over a longer time
period, then
you are in some sense younger for longer.
D.
But the
changes go further than that. Take, for instance,
the age at which people make
commitments such as buying a house,
getting married, having children, or starting a
career.
These are all fundamental
commitments that are now occurring later in life.
In 1962, 50%
of Americans were married
by age 21. By 2014, that
milestone
(
里程碑
)had shifted to
age
29.
E.
While there are numerous factors behind
these shifts, one factor is surely a growing
realization for the young that they are
going to live longer. Options are more valuable
the
longer they can be held. So if you
believe you will live longer, then options become
more
valuable, and early commitment
becomes less attractive. The result is that the
commitments that previously
characterized the beginning of adulthood are now
being
delayed, and new patterns of
behavior and a new stage of life are emerging for
those in
their twenties.
F.
Longevity also
pushes back the age of retirement, and not only
for financial reasons. Yes,
unless
people are prepared to save a lot more, our
calculations suggest that if you are now
in your mid-40s, then you are likely to
work until your early 70s; and if you are in your
early 20s, there is a real chance you
will need to work until your late 70s or possibly
even
into your 80s. But even if people
are able to economically support a retirement at
65, over
thirty years of potential
inactivity is harmful to
cognitive
(
认知的
) and emotional
vitality.
Many people may simply not
want to do it.
G.
And yet that does not mean that simply
extending our careers is appealing. Just
lengthening that second stage of full-
time work may secure the financial assets needed
for
a 100-year life, but such
persistent work will inevitably exhaust precious
intangible assets
such as productive
skills, vitality, happiness, and friendship.
H.
The same is
true for education. It is impossible that a single
shot of education,
administered in
childhood and early adulthood, will be able to
support a sustained, 60-year
career. If
you factor in the projected rates of technological
change, either your skills will
become
unnecessary, or your industry outdated. That means
that everyone will, at some
point in
their life, have to make a number of major
reinvestments in their skills.
A.
It seems
likely, then, that the traditional three-stage
life will evolve into multiple stages
containing two, three, or oven more
different careers. Each of these stages could
potentially be different. In one the
focus could be on building financial success and
personal achievement, in another on
creating a better work/life balance, still another
on
exploring and understanding options
more fully, or becoming an independent producer,
yet
another on making a social
Contribution. These stages will span sectors, take
people to
different cities, and provide
Foundation for building a wide variety of skills.
J) Transitions between stages could be
marked with
sabbaticals
(
休假
) as people
find tim rest
and recharge their
health, re-invest in their relationships, or
improve their skills. At times, these
breaks and transitions will be self-
determined, at others they will be forced as
existing roles,
firms, or industries
cease to exist.
K
）
A multi-stage
life will have profound changes not just in how
you manage your career, but
also in
your approach to life. An increasingly important
skill will be your ability to deal with
change and even welcome it. A three-
stage life has few transitions, while a multi-
stage life has
many. That is why being
self-aware, investing in broader networks of
friends, and being open to
new ideas
will become even more crucial skills.
L
）
These multi-
stage lives will create extraordinary variety
across groups of people simply
because
there are so many ways of sequencing the stages.
More stages mean more possible
sequences.
M
）
With this
variety will come the end of the close association
of age and stage. I n a three-stage
life, people leave university at the
same time and the same age, they tend to start
their careers
and family at the same
age, they proceed through middle management all
roughly the same time,
and then move
into retirement within a few years of each other.
In a multi-stage life, you could
be an
undergraduate at 20, 40, or 60; a manager at 30,
50, or 70; and become an independent
producer at any age.
N
）
Current life
structures, career paths, educational choices, and
social norms are out of tune
with the
emerging reality of longer lifespans. The three-
stage life of full-time education,
followed by continuous work, and then
complete retirement may have worked for our
parents or
even grandparents, but it is
not relevant today. We believe that to focus on
longevity as primarily
an issue of
aging is to miss its full implications. Longevity
is not necessarily about being older
for longer. It is about living longer,
being older later, and being younger longer.
36. An extended lifespan in the future
will allow people to have more careers than now.
37. Just extending one’s career may
have both posit
ive and negative
effects.
38. Nowadays, many Americans
have on average delayed their marriage by some
eight years.
39. Because of their
longer lifespan, young people today no longer
follow the pattern of life of
their
parents or grandparents.
40. Many more
people will be expected to live over 100 by the
mid-21st century.
41. A
longer life will cause radical changes in people’s
approach to life.
42. Fast
technological change makes it necessary for one to
constantly upgrade their skills.