词汇学练习

Hydrate

水合物

, hydroelec tric

水力发电的

Aerolith

陨石

, neolith

新石器

, < /p>

paleolith

旧石器

?

stone

lite(o )

?

牙

tooth

dent(i)

dentist,

d entiform

,

齿状的

Cepha lalgia

头痛

,

cephali tis

脑炎

?

头

head

cephal

Uniped< /p>

单脚的

,

pediform

?

脚

foot

ped

?

音

s ound

phon

phonetics, microphone

?

日

sun

sol

solar,

insolat ion

暴晒，日光浴，中暑

. insolate

?

月

moon

lun

lunar

，

< br>lunatic

疯狂的

?

星

star

astro(er)

占星术

, astronom y

天文学

?

世界

world

cosm(o)

cosmic,

cosmopolis

国际都市

?

生命

life

bi(o)

biotic, antibiotic

?

中心

cente r

center

central eccentric

古怪的

ex- out:

express

post- after:

postgraduate

ante- before:

antecedent

over- beyond:

overwork

mis- bad:

misbehave

pre- before:

prepare

over- excessive:

overweight

超重，

overflow

溢出，

overwork

，

ove rleap

越过，

overrun

超过 ，泛滥

sub- below:

subheading

副标题，< /p>

subdue

征服，抑制，

subscribe

en- in:

enclose

in- in:

include

super- above

superman

mal- wrongly:

maltreat

ultra- extreme:

ultra- conservative

极端保守

anti- against:

anti- nuclear

反核武器的

, anti- government

反政府的

,

contra- against :

contraflow

逆流，

contradict

反驳，否定，与。

。 抵触

counter- against:

counterattack

反击，反攻，

counteract

抵消，中和，

co- with :

cooperate ,

?

1. Words of the basic word stock can each be used alone, and at the same time can

form

new

words

with

other

roots

and

affixes,

e.g.

foot

is

the

father

of

football,

footage

and

footprint.

This

demonstrates

that

one

of

the

characteristics

of

the

words of the basic stock is _____. (

A

)

A. productivity

B. polysemy

C. stability

D. collocability

2. The formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class is

called ______. (

D

)

A. prefixation

B. suffixation

C. acronymy

D. conversion

3.

People

change

word-meaning

owing

to

various

______

motives:

love,

respect,

courtesy, suspicion, pessimism, sarcasm, irony, contempt, hatred, etc. (

A

)

A. psychological

B. social

C. communicative

D. lexical

4.

The

plural

morpheme

is

pronounced

as/s/in

the

following

words

EXCEPT

______. (

B

)

A. packs

B. bags

C. cheats

D. ships

5. The definition of a word comprises the following points ____. (

D

)

(1) a minimal free form of a language

(2) a sound unity

(3) a unit of meaning

(4) a form that can function alone in a sentence

A. (1) and (2)

B. (1) (2) and (3)

C. (2) (3) and (4)

D. (1) (2) (3) and (4)

6. The method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes is called ______.

(

A

)

A. back-formation

B. clipping

C. blending

D. suffixation

7. In a narrow sense, context refers to the words, clauses, sentences in which a word

appears and is known as ______ context. (

B

)

A. non-linguistic

B. linguistic

C. grammatical

D. lexical

C. the West Asia D. America

8. What is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages? (

D

)

A. Suffixation.

B. Variation.

C. Allomorph.

D. Polysemy.

9. Which of the following is one of the main functions of verbal context? ( D )

A. Elimination of ambiguity.

B. Indication for referents.

C. Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.

D. All the above.

10.

The

development

of

English

vocabulary

can

be

divided

into

the

following

particular historical period EXCEPT ______. (

C

)

A. Old English

B. Middle English

C. New English

D. Modern English

11. The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is ____. ( A )

A. morpheme

B. affixes

C. root

D. stem

12. There is/are ______ monomorphemic word(s) in

the following words:

hot,

dog,

feet, matches. (

B

)

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

13. 30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English vocabulary are produced

through _____. (

A

)

A. affixation

B. clipping

C. compounding

D. shortening

14.

Want,

wish,

like

and

desire

are

synonyms,

but

as

far

as

intensity

is

concerned,

______ is the strongest of all. (

D

)

A. wish

B. Like

C. want

D. desire

15. Words of the basic word stock can each be used alone, and at the same time can

form

new

words

with

other

roots

and

affixes,

e.g.

foot

is

the

father

of

football,

footage

and

footprint.

This

demonstrates

that

one

of

the

characteristics

of

the

words of the basic stock is _____. (

A

)

A. productivity

B. polysemy

C. stability

D. collocability

16.

B

)

A. verbal

B. nominal

C. adjectival

D. adverbial

17. Which of the following is NOT a figure of speech? (

D

)

A. Metaphor.

B. Personification.

C. Euphemism.

D. Shortening.

18. Never do things by halves is a(n) ______.(

C

)

A. verbal idiom in nature

B. nominal idiom in nature

C. sentence idiom

D. adverbial idiom in nature

19.

The

Indo-European

language

family

is

made

up

of

most

of

the

languages

of

Europe, the Near East, and ______ . (

A

)

A. India

B. the Far East

20. Which of the following is NOT true about extra-linguistic context? (

A

)

A. It can be subdivided into grammatical context and non-linguistic context.

B. It refers to physical situation or environment relating to the use of words.

C. It embraces the people, time and place.

D. It may extend to embrace the entire cultural background.

21. American dictionaries generally use ______ to mark the pronunciation. (

D

)

A. British Phonetic Alphabet

B. American Phonetic Alphabet

C. International Phonetic Alphabet

D. Webster's Phonetic Alphabet

22. The plural morpheme

______.(

C

)

A. beds

B. Bags

C. cheats

D. bottles

23.

The word

B

)

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

24. The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______.(

D

)

A. reread

B. Prewar

C. bloody

D. harder

25. The prefix

B

)

A. orientation and attitude

B. degree or size

C. time and order

D. number

26. Usage notes of the dictionary explain ______. (

D

)

A. the slight difference between words of similar meanings

B. difficult points of grammar and style

C. important British and American differences

D. all the above

27. The suffixes in words height

en

, symbol

ize

are __B______.

A. noun suffixes

B. verb suffixes

C. adverb suffixes

D. adjective suffixes

28. The method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes is called

______.(

A

)

A. back-formation

B. Acronymy

C. conversion

D. clipping

29. The sentence

A

)

A. grammatical structure

B. Hyponymy

C. cultural influence

D. non-linguistic context

30. There are five types of meaning changes and among which ______ are the most

common.

(

D

)

A. degradation and elevation

B. transfer and extension

C. elevation and narrowing

D. extension and narrowing

?

Give the American English form of each word.

示例如下：

1. Dialogue: dialog

2. centre

：

center_

参考资料：

1

，英语单词中不发音的词尾< /p>

-me, -ue

在美语拼写中被删除。

公斤

方案

目录

英语拼法

kilogramme

programme

catalogue

美语拼法

kilogram

program

catalog

对话

序言

dialogue

prologue

dialog

prolog

2

，英语中的以

-our

< br>结尾的单词，在美语中删去了不发音的字母

u

。

举止、行为

颜色

特别喜爱的

风味

荣誉

劳动

英语拼法

behaviour

colour

favourite

flavour

honour

labour

美语拼法

behavior

color

favorite

flavor

honor

labor

3

，英语中以

-re

结 尾，读音为

[2]

的单词，在美语中改为

-er

结尾，读音不变。

中心

纤维

公尺

剧场

英语拼法

centre

fibre

metre

theatre

美语拼法

center

fiber

meter

theater

4

，英语中某些以

-ence

为结尾的单词，在美语中改为

- ense

结尾，读 音仍为

[ns]

。

防御

犯法行为

执照

托词

英语拼法

defence

offence

licence

pretence

美语拼法

defense

offense

license

pretense

5

，英语中以

-ise

结尾的动词，美语中则拼作

-ize

。

英语拼法

美语拼法

批评

组织

实现

辨认

使标准化

criticise

organise

realise

recognise

standardise

criticize

organize

realize

recognize

standardize

6

，英语中以双写

-ll-

拼写的部分词，在美 语中只有一个

-l-

，例如：

顾问

珠宝商

奇异的

包裹

旅行

英语拼法

counsellor

jeweller

marvellous

parcelled

travelling

美语拼法

counselor

jeweler

marvelous

parceled

traveling

7

，英语中以

- xion

-ction

，读音不变。

联系

弯曲

反射

英语拼法

connexion

inflexion

reflexion

美语拼法

connection

inflection

reflection

?

Idioms

1.

cry for the moon

异想天开

2.

use every trick in the book

使出各种绝招，使出浑身解数

3.

to put the cart before the horse

本末倒置

4.

make short work of

迅速完成；轻松解决

5.

to turn up one?s nose at

瞧不起；嗤之以鼻

6.

first and foremost

首要的是

7.

part and parcel

重要部分