-
?
单词词性判断可
以在词义的理解及书写句子方面帮助学生
。
名词有四数：
可数与不可数，
单数或复数；
限定与动词不可忘
。
四数加限定！
一．怎样确定名词：
一般情况下在下列结构中我们可确定所缺空应为名词
◇1．
a/an/the +
（
adj.
）
+
名词；
a/the
book; the
rich the
disabled
the Smiths
◇2．
ad
j.+
名词；
a
big
stone;
a
long
river;
interesting
books
◇
3
．
adv.+
adj.+
名词；
a
very honest boy
◇4．
介词
+
名词；
in
the room; under construction
◇
5
．
形容词性物主代词
+
名词；
my surprise; his honesty
◇
6.
数词
+
名词；
five girls;
◇7．缺的词在句中为主语，表语，宾语时多为名词。
They have books.
及时练习
1
：
1
．
There has been
a 30% growth in the ____(
市场
)
for personal computers.
3
．
He has
discovered a lot of ___________
(
发现
) in science .
5
．I am sorry that I can’t
attend the __________(讲座
) on American
history .
6
．
She
started as a successful merchant but ended up as a
__________
（乞丐）
.
7
．
There was a
surprised
_____________
（表情）
on her face
.
8
．
Our city has
experienced great
___________
（变化）
in the past
few years
9
．
Please give my
_________(
祝贺
)when you see
her .
took a deep _____________
(
呼吸
)and then dived into the
water.
was unable to give police a
______________(
描述
)of his
attack .
car was a
____________(
廉价货
)at the
price.
动词→名词练习：
achieve
add argue arrive
respond
retire
rude save sail sell
1.
market
3
discoveries
e
6
beggar
7.
expression
8
changes
9.
congratulations
10.
breath
11. description 12.
bargain
及时练习
2
：指出下
列文中的名词：
In
the
early
1990s,
the
word
“Internet”
was
strange
to
most
people.
But
today,
Internet
has
become
a
useful
tool
for
people
all
over
the
world.
Maybe
Internet
has
been
the
greatest
invention
in
the
field
of
communication
in
the
history
of
mankind
（人类）
.
Communicating with others on the
Internet is much faster. We can chat with a
person
who
is
sitting
in
the
other
part
of
the
world.
We
can
e-mail
our
friends
and
they
can read the e-mails within a minute.
Giving
all
kinds
of
information
is
probably
the
biggest
advantage
of
the
Internet.
We can use search engines to find the
information we need. Just type in a keyword
or keywords and the search engine will
give us a list of suitable websites to look
at.
We can enjoy a lot on
the Internet by downloading games, visiting chat
rooms
or surfing
（浏览）
websites. There are some
games for free. We can meet new and
interesting people in the chat now. We
can also listen to music and see films.
二．怎样确定名词的单数或复数；可数或不可数
§ 确定名词单数或复数的方法：
1
．由名词前面的数词
: 1. I
have several ______ (
书
) on
the shelf. 2. This bus can
carry 60
(
乘客
).
2
．由名词后的动词单数或复数
(
即主谓一致
):
The
_____
(
建议
)
are
reasonable
and
some
of us
will accept them.
3
．由句意
: Our
______ (
教授
) held a meeting
about how to improve our English.
What
is the best-known chain of fast-food
(
餐馆
)in the world.
※及时练习
3
：判断下列名词正误：
1. They often have fish, meat and
vegetable for supper.
2. Mrs. Smith
gets well along with her neighbor.
3.
They had only three meal of soup every day.
4. Dickens wrote Oliver Twist in the
year 1837 - 1838.
5. His new play was a
great succeed.
6. The animals are
useful to the desert people in many way.
7.
As
he
explored
the
sea
，
he
took
picture
and
videos
of
many
thing
that
people
had
never seen before.
8. They
were
given kinds of
breakfast
，
and sometimes they
got no breakfast at all.
9. School
child walked with their
shirts
，
coats and anything
else they could find
pulled up over
their nose.
10. The middle part of the
20th century brought new ways to help people get
over
disease.
11. Too many
trees have been cut this years.
12.
They use camels for carrying water
，
food
，
tents and
another things.
§确定名词可数或不可数的方法：
注意三类名词：
1
、总是不可数的名词：
1)
物质名词：
furniture, equipment,
2)
抽象名词：
advice,
progress, news, fun, truth,
milk,
ink, rice,
…
2.
根据名词本身的意义：
1) <
/p>
物质名词：
water
（水
u,
水域
c
）
,
rain
（雨水
u,
一场雨
c
）
2)
抽象名
词：
experience(
经验
u<
/p>
，经历
c) , pleasure(
愉
快
u
，
乐事
c
),
success(
成功
u
，
成功的人
c),
failure(
失败
u
，
失败的人或事
c),
pity(
遗憾
u
，
遗憾的事
c), surprise(
惊讶
u
，惊讶的事
c),
3.
个体名词总是可数名词：
book, desk,
三．限定词：
限定词是位于名词或名
词词组之前，
对他们在特指、泛指或数量等方面起限定
作用的一
类词。
She showed a certain
elegance. The judge divorced the couple. He has
got
some
brains(
智慧
)!
限定词与形
容词的区别主要是：
限定词只对名词起限定作用（有些限定词也可用作其他词
性，如代词等），而形容词则描述名词的特征、状态等：
We lived in small house.
→
We lived in a small house.
house
是个体名词，
一般来说，
个体名词是可数名词，有单数复数形式，单数形式的个
体名词<
/p>
(
可数名词
)
除
在部分习语或固定搭配中外，
一般不可单独使用，
须根据具体情
况与
冠
词、不定代词、指示代词
或
其它限定词
连用
,
或使用其复数形式。
练习：改正下列错误：
1. She should be
able to get job in Europe.
2. Mr. Blake
was considered excellent music teacher.
3. How did
accident happen?
4. I will give you other chance to
prove yourself.
5. Do you
have class
this morning?
6.
Important product of South Africa are fruit and
gold.
7. She is
English teacher.
由于动词在句中有谓语和非谓语两种形式，可根据所缺单词在句中充当的
成分来
判断此处是否
为动词。
一．一般情况下：
◇1. is,
am, are, was, were,
◇2.
will (would), can (could), must, may, …
◇3. has…, have…, had…，don’t, didn’t,
doesn’t…
◇4. V+s: goes,
likes, …
◇
5.
动词原型：
want / go /
以上
4
项为确定的谓语动词。
句中有了确定的
谓语动词
后其它的动词形
如
V-ing /to do/ done
（
-ed
）的
< br>为
非谓
语动词
。
You
want
to
know
about
my
staying
in
America,
right?
Well,
to
tell
you
the
truth,
it is really an eye-opening experience
to study here.
In China, I had English
classes five times a week since fifth grade.
However,
I
didn’t
know
how
different
textbook
English
could
be
from
everyday
English
until
I
came to Hotchkiss School, Connecticut.
When
I
first
studied
English,
I
was
told
to
say,
“I
am
fine.”
when
people
say
“How are you?”
But in the
US, I found that people say,
“I am
good.” or “I’m
tired.”
One
day,
someone
greeted
me
with
“What’s
up?”
It
made
me
confused.
I
thought
for a moment and
then smiled because I didn’t know what to
say.
二
.
谓语动词的判断：
1.
主动形式：如何主语实施了谓语动作，意义完整，就是表达主动关系。
He invited to the party…
（
）
He invited me
to the party.
（
）
He was invited
to the party.
（
）
He was invited
him to the party.
（
）
2.
被
动形式：
如果主语没有实施谓语动词动作而是承受了该动作，
应
该用
be
+
done
形
式表示，只有过分只能表示被动关系。
He looked this morning.
（
）
The boy took to the school.
（
）
The patient
sent to the hospital.
（
）
The shocks and
fires caused by the earthquake destroyed the
village.
（
）
三．动词与名词的判断：
1.
I'm ready to match my strength against
yours.
我已经准备好与你较量力气。
He thought he could beat anyone at
tennis, but he's met his match in her.
他以为他打网球所向无敌，但遇到她却是旗鼓相当。
a football match
足球比赛
2. She is
the picture of her mother.
她活像她的妈妈。
It is
hard to picture life a hundred years ago.
我们很难想象一百年前人们的
生活。
3. Have you seen any good films lately?
你最近看过什么好电影吗
?
The
television company is filming in our town.
电视公司正在我们镇上拍片子。
<
/p>
若所缺单词为修饰语则考虑形容词和副词。
形容词的主要句法作用
为表
语和定语，
用来说明或修饰名词、
代词的词称为形容词，
据此可判断所缺是否为形容词
;
副
词一般主要用来修饰形容词，副词，动词或整个句子，据此可判断所
缺单词是否为副词。
形容词的学习
：
在下列结构中应该用形容词：
◇a +
adj
+ n a tall boy
写一写：
______________
_______________
_____________
◇be +
adj.
He is tall.
写一写：
______________
______________
______________
◇keep/find/make/think… it
adj.
to / that
……
◇be + as +
adj.
+ as do + as +
adv.
+ as
*be so
/ too / very / how / however + adj.
(
不用
adv.)
1
）形容词在句子中的句法作用及位置：
⑴
作定语时放在名词的前面
。形容词修饰名词。结构：a/an/
…_______ 名词
．．．．．．．．．．
Li Mei
i
The new student
My father’s
car is very expensive.
The
English
story
is
★
少数形容词只能作定语
这些形容词包括
little,
live(
活着的
), elder, eldest
等，
只能作定语，不能作表语。例如：
(
正
)My elder
b
(
误
)My brother is
elder than I.
(
正
(
误
)The house is
little.
(
正
(
误
)The
old
monkey
is
still
live.
★
貌似副词的形容词：
lonely, friendly, lively,
lovely, likely, deadly, daily,
weekly,
★ 后置的情况：①修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。
如：
Something serious has
happened to
him
.(
他发生了严重的事故
)
1. Every minute there is _____going on
here.
A. exciting something B.
something exciting C. exciting anything D.
anything exciting
2. This
river is about 5 feet ________. A. deep B.
widely C. depth D.
length
⑵
作表语时放在连系动词之后，
构成系表结构。
结构：
连系动词
+
形容词。
如：
The
idea
sounds
great
.
连系动词主要有
：
be(am,
is, are), look(
看起来
),
sound
（听起来）
,
smell
（闻起来）
,
taste
（尝起来）
,
feel
（感到，摸起来）
.
结构：
look / sound
/ smell / taste / feel / seem / … 形容词
look / sound / smell
/ taste / feel / seem / …
副词（
-
ly/very / so/
…
）
+
形容词
The soup tasted very delicious.
★少数形容词只能作表语
这些形容词包括
ill,
asleep,
awake,
alone,
afraid,
well,
worth, glad, unable
等，只能作表语，不能作定语。
(
表语形容词
)
例如：
(
正)Don’t
(
误
)Mr. Li is an
afraid man.
(
正
(
误
)This is an ill person.
(
正
(
误
)That is a worth book.
练习：判断下列形容词所充当的成分：
1. a small German town
2. a light blue sweater
3.
It’s nothing serious.
4. He feels lonely.
5. Tom is tall
6. John
looks so happy.
2. The man looked at me with a ______
smile.
A. friend
B.
friends C.
friendly
D.
friendlily
3. The neighbors visit the
old man, so he doesn’t feel ____ at all.
A. friendly B. lovely
C. lonely
D. lively
4. The flowers in
the garden smell ______.
A. nicely
B. wonderfully
C. well D. nice
5. The _____
boy has been in hospital for a month. A. ill
B. sick
C. afraid
D. alone
6. Don’t eat the meat. It
smells ______.
A.
terrible B. badly
C.
delicious D. good
7. Here
is a ____ mouse. Was it killed by your cat? A.
die
B. died C.
death
D. dead E. deadly
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇：世界货币符号
下一篇：The Canonization 爱情的圣徒