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英语非谓语动词
非谓语动词是指分词（现在分词和过去分词）
、不定式、动名词三种
形式，即：
doing , done , to do , doing
。
它们有不同时态和语态变化，
现在分词有
doing;being done; having
done having been
done,
不定式有
to do;to be done
to have done to be doing; to have
been done,
动名词有
doing; having
done; being done having been
done
。
非谓语动词的特点：
三种非谓语动词
都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自
己的状语或有时跟
宾语。它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征
,
在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语
或补足语等；动名词具有名词的特征
< br>,
在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语等；不定式具有名词、形容词和副<
/p>
词的特征
,
在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。
一．
动词不定式
1.
判断不定式在句中的成分：
（
1
）
To
learn a foreign language is difficult ._____
（
2
）
His
wish is to be a driver . _____
（
3
）
Tom
wanted to have a cup of beer ______.
（
4
）
The
teacher told us to do morning exercises ._______
（
5
）
I
have nothing to say . _____
（
6
）
They went to
see their aunt . _____
（
7
）
It’s easy
to see their aunt._____
（
8
）
I
don’t know what to do next ._________
（
9
）
I
heard them make a noise .__________
2.“to”
是不定式符号还是介词的问题：
lead to , refer to , be equal to , be
familiar to , point to , thanks to ,
be devoted to , belong to , be used to
, look forward to
3.
带
to
还是不带
to
的问题：
（
1
）
I have no choice but to give in
（
2
）
I
cannot do anything but give in
（
3
）
I
saw him enter the classroom .
（
4
）
He was seen to enter the classroom .
4.
动词不定式逻辑主语是
for
和
of
问题：
It’s necessary
for you to study hard .
It’s foolish of
him to do it .
与
of
连用的形容词有：
good, kind , nice ,
wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful ,
careless , polite
5.
后接不定式作宾语的动词有：
want, hope,
wish, like, begin, try , need , forget, agree,
know, promise, teach , refuse, help , arrange,
dare, decide, determine, fail , manage,
offer, prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose,
expect
6.
不定式的省略。下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略到
to.
He didn’t let me go there,but I wanted
to.
decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope
/wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,cho
ose,plan,agree,ask/beg,
决心学会想希望，拒绝想法选计划，主动答应愿假装，统一请
求帮一帮。
7.
不定式作定语，应注意两种关系：
1
）动宾关系：
He has a lot of meetings to attend .
Please lend me
something to write with .
He
is looking for a room to live in .
He is a good boy to talk to.
2
）主谓关系：
She is always
the last to speak at the meeting .
----
I’m going to the post
office , for I have a letter to post . (
逻辑主语是
I )
----Thank you. But I have
no letters to be posted now . (
逻辑主语不是
I )
8.
不定式作状语
:
1
）目的
He came to
help me with my maths .
2)
结果
I hurried to
get there ,only to find him out .
9.
不定式作补足语
:
I
saw him play in the street just now .
能跟不带
to
的不定式作补语的动词有
:
feel , hear , listen to , let , have,
make, see ,watch ,observe, notice,help
但当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带
to
。
二．动名词
1.
注意句子成分：
Learning English is
very difficult .
His
job is driving a bus .
I enjoy dancing .
I have got used
to living in the country .
Take some sleeping tablets , and you
will soon fall asleep.
2.
注意
几种结构：
1
．
It’s no
use talking with him .
2. It’s no good speaking to
them like that .
3
．
It is useless
crying over split milk.
4. It is worthwhile taking the trip.
5. spend(waste )time (in)
doing sth.
6. be busy (in) doing sth.
7. have
difficulty / trouble /a problem /fun/a good time
(in) doing sth.
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